This thesis aims to provide an in-depth overview of machine translation and machine interpreting, describing their history, development, and current state, as well as their place on the market and their potential use. The thesis describes machine translation and machine interpreting on theoretical, practical, and technological level, including the description of their basic principles, evaluation criteria, obstacles and challenges, and scope of their use. The thesis also includes a practical test of one of currently available machine interpreting programs - Skype Translator by Microsoft. The aim of the test is to determine whether the program can facilitate successful communication between two people who don't speak the same language, and to describe the user's experience. Keywords: machine translation, machine interpreting, machine translation limitations, neural translation, Skype Translator, STACL, speech recognition, speech production

[pt] Este estudo apresenta uma proposta de ensino de expansão do vocabulário em Português como Língua Estrangeira (PLE) através das teorias dos campos lexicais e de estudos que envolvem o ensino-aprendizagem do aluno na atualidade, com ênfase no ensino-aprendizagem através de um AVA (ambiente virtual de aprendizagem) adaptado: o Skype. É apresentada a rotina da aula neste ambiente juntamente com outras ferramentas digitais, podendo assim contribuir com a prática de professores que desejam ministrar aulas online. Utilizam-se aqui os pressupostos metodológicos da pesquisa-ação para a coleta de dados feita através de aulas experimentais no ambiente Skype. Os resultados dessa pesquisa mostram como é produtivo o ensino de PLE através da teoria dos campos lexicais, uma vez que o ensino-aprendizagem do vocabulário é aplicado de forma progressiva através de uma sequência didática baseada em assuntos diversos, porém, interligados. Percebe-se também como as ferramentas digitais potencializam o aproveitamento das aulas por parte dos alunos. / [en] This study aims to present a teaching proposal regarding a vocabulary expansion in Portuguese as a foreign language (PFL), through lexical field theories and studies that entail the contemporary teaching-learning process. This proposal enphasizes the teaching-learning process that is set in an adapted Virtual Learning Environment (VLE): Skype. The study displays an example of a class routine set in the VLE and also presents other online tools that may contribute to teachers who aspire to lecture online classes. The study is based on methodological assumptions that encompass research-action used to collect the data from experimental classes in the Skype environment. The results of this research show how productive the teaching of PFL is through the lexical field theories. The teaching-learning of vocabulary is done in a progressive way through a didactic sequence based on diverse subjects, yet interconnected. It is also seen that online tools can enhance the learning process of students.

Les activités interactives en ligne connaissent une utilisation grandissante, notamment dans le domaine de l'enseignement des langues. L'amélioration technique des dispositifs permet en effet aujourd'hui des échanges synchrones à distance avec un locuteur natif.Le tuteur inscrit dans une communication via une plateforme synchrone en ligne doit alors coordonner un ensemble complexe d'opérations à des fins d'apprentissage. Différents modes de communication (textuel, visuel, auditif) sont à sa disposition et il les combine dans son discours. Nous analysons, dans le cadre de cours de français à distance via Skype, quels modes sont utilisés par chacun des quatre tuteurs qui composent notre étude. Nous postulons que les modes sont utilisés différemment par chaque tuteur et nous cherchons donc à savoir dans quelle proportion et avec quel " degré d'investissement " (Develotte, Guichon, Vincent, 2011). Nous cherchons également à comprendre quelles conséquences ces choix d'utilisations des modes ont sur la nature de l'interaction. Nous émettons en effet deux hypothèses. Premièrement, nous pensons que le profil initial des tuteurs (compétences individuelles, expériences professionnelles en présentiel ou à distance, habitude de l'environnement informatique) et le contexte des interactions (perturbations extérieures, problèmes techniques, type de tâche, besoin exprimé des apprenants) ont une influence sur la façon dont le tuteur utilise les modes à disposition.Deuxièmement, nous pensons que les choix d'utilisations influencent la nature de l'interaction et la relation entre tuteurs et apprenants. Nous proposons ainsi une grille d'analyse des interactions multimodales en ligne, afin d'apporter des réponses à nos hypothèses de recherche.

Since the opening of European borders to new EU member states, a large number of immigrants continue to arrive in the UK and specifically to the East Midlands and East Anglia. To date, little or no research has been conducted to understand their experience and adjustment in this part of the country. With my research I aimed to find out how Lithuanian emigration affected family relationships and to identify issues that families face when a member emigrates on his/her own. I conducted qualitative research using different methods of data collection: online (skype) and face-to-face interviews, focus group and remote discussion techniques. Data has been coded using NVivo8 and NVivo10 and analysed using grounded theory. Findings show that the transition stage, while a family lives apart, puts an enormous strain on relationships within a family. However, it does not lead to nor causes break ups provided the family was a close unit prior to migration. The final results support the emerging theory that if the family had good relationships back in Lithuania, then all challenges of migration would not break that bond. On the contrary, they would strengthen relationships. My findings answer the initial research question as to whether migration to the UK affects Lithuanian family relationships by suggesting that it does not any more than any other stressful life events, e.g. death, childbirth, job loss, illness, house move, etc. Findings suggest that, if families discuss matters and look for the solutions together, the negative impact of migration might be avoided or lessened. My research contributes to the knowledge by applying novelty frameworks such as grounded theory and Layder’s theory of social domains in order to analyse and understand the Lithuanian migration phenomenon in the UK, particularly in East Anglia and the East Midlands.

AbstractTitle: Swedish social media services (A study about Swedish social media services birth andhow they benefit from the Swedish climate)Number of pages: 38Author: Robin SchwabeggerTutor: Else NygrenCourse: Media and Communication Science CPeriod: Fall 2009University: Division of Informatics and Media, Uppsala University.Purpose/Aim: To see if the Swedish advantage or interest in developing new social mediaservices and networks has anything to do with our society. With society I mean our culture,attitudes and history. Do people, especially young people, have a more positive attitudetowards the Internet and has the fact that we, as a country, were among the first to use theInternet anything to do with it.Material/Method: Data collected from books, newspapers and articles from several sites onthe internet. I’ll use the information I’ve gathered to try to find an answer to my givenproblems for the paper. To mark off my problem and information gathering I’ve decided touse three research questions which my work will circle around.Main Result: You can clearly tell that Sweden has a great climate for social media services tobe created. Sweden, as a country, had access to computers and internet in a very early stageand took great advantage of that. Their culture encourages creativity which is important andpeople in Sweden aren’t afraid to run into problems. Teenagers start uses internet in a veryearly age and they have a higher percent of daily usage then other countries.Keyword: File-sharing, Social media, Sweden, Skype, Spotify, Voddler, The Pirate Bay,Communication, Internet, Culture, Users, Consumers, Developers, Hofstede, Hartley

Les activités interactives en ligne connaissent une utilisation grandissante, notamment dans le domaine de l'enseignement des langues. L'amélioration technique des dispositifs permet en effet aujourd'hui des échanges synchrones à distance avec un locuteur natif.Le tuteur inscrit dans une communication via une plateforme synchrone en ligne doit alors coordonner un ensemble complexe d'opérations à des fins d'apprentissage. Différents modes de communication (textuel, visuel, auditif) sont à sa disposition et il les combine dans son discours. Nous analysons, dans le cadre de cours de français à distance via Skype, quels modes sont utilisés par chacun des quatre tuteurs qui composent notre étude. Nous postulons que les modes sont utilisés différemment par chaque tuteur et nous cherchons donc à savoir dans quelle proportion et avec quel " degré d'investissement " (Develotte, Guichon, Vincent, 2011). Nous cherchons également à comprendre quelles conséquences ces choix d'utilisations des modes ont sur la nature de l'interaction. Nous émettons en effet deux hypothèses. Premièrement, nous pensons que le profil initial des tuteurs (compétences individuelles, expériences professionnelles en présentiel ou à distance, habitude de l'environnement informatique) et le contexte des interactions (perturbations extérieures, problèmes techniques, type de tâche, besoin exprimé des apprenants) ont une influence sur la façon dont le tuteur utilise les modes à disposition.Deuxièmement, nous pensons que les choix d'utilisations influencent la nature de l'interaction et la relation entre tuteurs et apprenants. Nous proposons ainsi une grille d'analyse des interactions multimodales en ligne, afin d'apporter des réponses à nos hypothèses de recherche.

This master thesis deals with the problem of localization of the caller to the emergency line with focus on VoIP calls. It contains general description of the main active and passive geolocation methods, and explains their function. The paper analyzes market share of different VoIP clients and describes the program Skype. The focus of this work is to create an application for geolocation of the caller using analysis of VoIP transmission. The application gains IP address of the caller by capturing packets and displays his/her location on the map. The coordinates are obtained from the MaxMind GeoLite City database which been chosen by evaluating objective parameters as the most suitable for desired use.

歷史上出現許多既有領導企業被新興企業取代的例子，其背後的原因一直引起高度興趣。Christensen (1997)提出的破壞性科技 (disruptive technology)觀念為此現象提供一個解釋的方向。自破壞性創新的提出以來，已有眾多學者投入相關研究探討，但至今尚無一個廣泛被學界所接受且可適用於不同產業的模型，因此仍迫切需要更多的研究投入和實務驗證。評估破壞性創新的困難，就如預測未來般充滿著不確定性。對既有企業而言，藉由評估破壞性創新，可以對即將面對的衝擊早一步採取因應措施，使競爭優勢得以維持；對新興企業而言，評估破壞性創新即是找出成長的利基，並可依此進入主流市場甚至擊倒既有領導企業。 有鑑於評估破壞性創新的重要性和困難度，本研究提出評估成功的破壞性創新時應考量的關鍵構面，包含創新提供的性能對應於主流市場的需求、低價格或創造新的價值、市場擴散速度、以及社會環境。本研究以VoIP產業為破壞性創新個案來驗證各項構面。研究結果顯示PSTN的通話品質和功能已超過既有需求，讓VoIP有進入低階市場的機會。同時現階段VoIP的通話品質已可滿足大眾主流市場的需求，並提供較便宜的解決方案。尤其對既有網路人口而言，VoIP不僅是便宜且簡易的解決方案，更提供了多項應用服務的整合。VoIP破壞性創新正在市場上快速擴散，尤其在美國與歐洲等地區。透過評估構面的提出，使評估成功的破壞性創新能以更系統化的方式進行。評估構面的提出可為未來完整模型的建立提供一個發展方向，同時提供一個分析創新潛力的方法，產業界可以依據分析後的結果擬定相關策略。

Language and culture teaching has always been a complex and challenging task. For many educators, their teaching experiences are rooted in their earlier preparation, their classroom situations and their curriculum. In this study, indigenous educators recount their lived experiences with teaching their language and culture at a distance. These educators belong to either Nahua or Mayan speech communities where endangered languages are maintained. Using a transcendental phenomenological approach, my participants described and explained their perspectives and experiences with teaching, studying, and integrating technology. I focused the interviews, the reflective writing tasks and their artifact sharing on their experiences in an online environment for a predominantly US audience through distance learning platforms. In the case of the Nahuas, they taught synchronously through Skype while the Mayans taught asynchronously through a socially mediated network (i.e. a Ning powered network). The resulting phenomenological essences provided a universal description of their textural and structural experiences and I used this essence to unearth these educators' descriptions, discoveries and perspectives on teaching, languages, culture and technology. From analyzing their journey the following implications emerged. First, these educators needed to learn an additional language beyond their home language in order to be a part of a teaching experience. Second, their personal ties to their speech communities were enhanced or completely changed due to their engagement with their home institutions. Lastly, their efforts were linked to increasing the documentation and revitalization of their endangered languages.

近年來由於網際網路的興起，加上寬頻網路的日漸普及，使得很多人會進入這以網際網路架構為核心的市場，像我們所熟悉的Skype和Smartphone都是因為網際網路興起所誕生的產物，兩者也都在市場上有爆發性的發展與成長，另外手機開始漸漸整合各種的資訊產品，不論是相機、MP3、錄音筆、電動玩具、甚至於電腦都開始慢慢的被取代，隨著新的通訊技術迅速的誕生，消費者勢必選擇傳輸數度更快、更省電的產品，因此雙網手機會是未來手機發展的趨勢，而本論文也就是基於此項原因，進而對雙網手機未來可能發展的方向做相關的研究。 本論文內容主要是瞭解整個無線通訊產業的生態，包括手機製造產業五力分析，手機未來設計可能的發展方向，行動通訊營運商、手機製造商、行動內容業者三者之間微妙的互動關係與如何共同開拓行動通訊產業市場，進而提出對於價值創新理論的理論性意涵與建立雙網手機市場的實務性意涵，以期對於我國手機製造業有所貢獻，讓國內手機製造業可以立足於全球之頂端。