Alternatyvioji vertybinių popierių rinka yra aktualus ekonominių – finansinių studijų objektas, ypač besivystančių finansų rinkų kontekste. Šio baigiamojo darbo tikslas yra atlikus teorinę AVPR analizę bei atsižvelgus į jau veikiančių jų patirtį, įvertinti AVPR Lietuvoje veiklos prielaidas, jas įtakojančių aplinkos veiksnių ir potencialių šioje rinkoje kotiruotis įmonių atžvilgiais. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje atskleidžiami AVPR teoriniai aspektai, antrojoje – atliekamas AVPR veiklos prielaidų vertinimas Lietuvoje bei pristatoma jų tyrimo metodologija. Paskutinė darbo dalis skirta metodologiškai pagrįstam Lietuvos įmonių struktūros projektui pateikti ir kitiems sėkmės veiksniams, t.y. kaip AVPR - First North Lietuvoje veiklos prielaidoms, įvertinti. Taip pat suformuluojamos išvados ir rekomendacijos. Apibendrinant rezultatus galima teigti, jog įmonių veiklos rūšys, siekiant optimaliai diversifikuotos AVPR pagal du nagrinėtus scenarijus yra: transportas, maisto ir gėrimų pramonė, informacijos ir ryšių technologijos bendrovės, kelionių organizavimas ir agentavimas. Pagrindinės AVPR šalyje sėkmingos veiklos prielaidos yra perspektyvių įmonių pritraukimas, diversifikuota AVPR įmonių struktūra, investuotojų pritraukimas, tinkamas reguliavimas, sertifikuotų patarėjų vaidmuo. / Alternative market is a relevant subject of economic and financial research., especially in the context of emerging financial markets. The objective of the final paper is to evaluate practice assumptions of alternative market, in respect of environmental influences and enterprises that may be potencial for quoting in the market. In the first part of the paper the theoretical aspects are revealed, and in the second the evaluation of practice assumptions, including good case practices, of alternative market as well as the methodology of research are provided. In the last part the project of Lithuanian enterprises‘ structure in First North is presented and good practices assumptions need to be evaluated. Summing up the results of the research the diversified enterprises‘ structure in respect of the number and variety of sectors according to two scenarios included industrial transportation, food and beverages, information technologies, travel agencies may be constructed. Then recommendations are provided.

Despite significant research output in recent decades on international new ventures (INVs),little attention has been paid to understanding the processes and conditions under whichthe entrepreneur identifies and exploits an opportunity and subsequently creates valuewithin the firm. As a result, the dynamics involved in the role of the entrepreneur during theestablishment and internationalization of INVs remain in a black box. In order to understandthe context, interaction among players and other dynamics involved before, during, and afterthe establishment of the INV’s creation and development, a different approach is needed. Theaim of this dissertation is to describe and understand the role of entrepreneurs in the processof establishment and internationalization of international new ventures. Three longitudinal case studies were conducted between 1999 and 2008 with a total of 108interviews using snowball sampling. In addition, comprehensive secondary data have beencollected to enrich the empirical cases with thick descriptions, and to enhance content validityas well as the reliability of the research. This study offers a more nuanced picture of how entrepreneurs’ characteristics influencethe international development of their firms. For example, it appears that it was neitherthe previous foreign experience, the education, nor the previously developed internationalnetwork (as suggested by previous literature) that can be credited for the rapid and vastinternationalization of the case firms. Instead, it is suggested that an entrepreneur’schildhood and prior life story directly influences their behaviour in the INV. We proposethat different types of entrepreneurs are important factors to understanding firms’ differentinternationalization patterns. Depending on the backgrounds of the entrepreneurs, theydeveloped preferences, skills, and especially desires that would come to affect the totalbehaviour of their future organizations. This study also develops the notion of psychicdistance into three separate spaces - the physical, the mental and the social space. Forexample, the context and experience during childhood creates the foundations for theentrepreneurs’ mental and social space, which can separately, but also in relation toeach other, offer a more accurate and deeper understanding of the actions taken by theentrepreneurs in the INV. Furthermore, this study has shown that the role and characteristicsof the entrepreneur do change over time, which also determines the individual’s sensitivity toopportunities and the international behaviour of the company.

<p>This mini-thesis aims to contribute to the debate around the legislative process by summarizing and analysing it comprehensively. It will, without being exhaustive, seek to identify the most important legal requirements that the future Statute needs to meet in order to facilitate cross-border business of small and medium-sized businesses. It seeks to systematise and comment on the most important legal Key Issues and therefore clarify and enrich the debate.</p>

Place branding is commonly conceptualized with a focus on big cities, such as London, New York and Singapore, building from concepts and models from mainstream branding theory. In contrast to such conceptualizations, this thesis focuses on place branding in small and medium-sized cities. The present thesis aims to study place branding from a geographical perspective. It starts with debates theoretical and empirical understandings of place branding; what it is and how it is affecting the places where it is introduced. The thesis develops and argues for a perspective of territoriality and relationality to place branding discussing concepts, methods and empirical approaches to carry out place branding research using geographical perspectives. Empirically, this thesis focuses on in-depth studies of place branding in small and medium-sized cities in Sweden. By analyzing the development of place branding over the course of time, nuances and aspects of both territorial and relational origin emerge, situating place branding practices within a wider spatial contextualization. Four individual papers are presented, which taken together contribute to the aim of the thesis. Paper 1 introduces the place branding research field in geography and how it has developed; Paper 2 investigates the phenomena of flagship buildings located in small cities and towns; Paper 3 discusses the relationship between policy tourism and place branding; and Paper 4 analyzes how local environmental policies are affected by green place branding. The thesis demonstrates the complex and continuously interchangeable spatial structures and place contexts that create and re-produce the geographies of place branding. Here, research models and methodological examples are presented to illustrate how place branding can be studied from a geographical perspective and thus improve theoretical understandings of place branding. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

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The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze how five Swedish business-to-business (B2B) small- and medium sized enterprises (SME) perceive risk when internationalizing to East African countries. By distinguishing these risks the aim has been to increase the understanding and awareness of the affect that these risks can have on a firm’s internationalization process. To be able to gain a deeper insight of the reality the study has been conducted with a qualitative method and an inductive research approach. The primary data has been collected by conducting interviews with the firms that has been a part of this multiple case study. In order to increase the understanding and thereby fulfill the purpose of this study, the main research question is formulated as follows: how do Swedish B2B SMEs perceive the various risks that they face when internationalizing to East African countries? The theoretical framework has its foundation within the risk theory which is connected to the Uppsala internationalization model, the network theory, motives and triggers for internationalization and the choice of entry mode. The empirical data describes how the case companies entered the East African market, which risks they have encountered and how knowledge has affected their risk perception. In the analysis the empirical data and the theoretical framework is discussed in order to see whether the theories corresponds with the reality of these firms. Furthermore the analysis describes how the firms’ knowledge and relations affect their perception of risk, which risks the firms have encountered within the general environment, industry environment and the firm specific environment as well as how their previous knowledge has affected their perception of risk. The conclusion indicates that Swedish B2B SMEs internationalizing to East African countries encounter several risks, however the perception of these risks differentiates based on the firms previous knowledge of the market. The significance lie within being aware of the risks and thereby being able to see these risks as strategically manageable.

Tyrimo objektas – apskaitos informacinės sistemos funkcinės galimybės įmonių finansinei analizei atlikti. Tyrimo tikslas – parinkti, adaptuoti ir išbandyti modelį, kuriuo naudojantis būtų galima nustatyti apskaitos informacinės sistemos funkcines galimybes mažų ir vidutinių įmonių veiklos finansinei analizei atlikti. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti ir apibendrinti mažų ir vidutinių įmonių finansų analizei naudojamus rodiklius bei išskirti pagrindines šių įmonių finansų analizės kryptis ir nustatyti AIS Debetas galimybes sukaupti finansų analizei atlikti reikiamus duomenis. 2. Išanalizuoti ir apibendrinti informacinių sistemų funkcionavimo sėkmę įtakojančius veiksnius, vertinimo kriterijus ir metodus, kuriais naudojantis būtų galima įvertinti šių sistemų funkcionalumą mažose ir vidutinėse įmonėse. 3. Adaptuoti integralų pajėgumų brandos modelį (toliau – CMMI) apskaitos informacinės sistemos funkcionalumui tirti, naudojant adaptuotąjį modelį įvertinti AIS Debetas funkcines galimybes finansų analizei atlikti, pasiūlyti šios programinės įrangos tobulinimo būdus bei įvertinti jų priimtinumą mažoms ir vidutinėms įmonėms. Tyrimo metodai. Sprendžiant pirmąjį ir antrąjį tyrimo uždavinius buvo naudojami monografinis, palyginimo, loginės analizės ir apibendrinimo bei grafinio vaizdavimo tyrimo metodai. Sprendžiant trečiąjį tyrimo uždavinį buvo naudojamas anketinės ir interviu apklausos, statistinio duomenų apdorojimo, duomenų analizės ir sisteminimo, CMMI ir ISO/IEC 14598... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research object: the ability of accounting information system to provide enterprises’ financial analysis. Research aim: to provide search, adoption and testing of the model, allowing assessment of the functional abilities of accounting information system to conduct financial analysis in small and medium size enterprises. Objectives: 1. To provide analysis and summarising of indicators, used for financial analysis and main directions of financial analysis in small and medium-sized enterprises and to investigate in abilities of current version of AIS Debetas to collect necessary data for provision of financial analysis. 2. To provide analysis and summarising of the aspects, influencing quality of functioning of accounting information system, the quality assessment criteria and applicable quality assessment methods used for financial analysis in small and medium-sized enterprises. 3. To provide adaptation of the Capability maturity Model Integration (CMMI) for accounting information system quality evaluation, AIS Debetas quality assessment using adopted model, to propose the ways for software and to evaluate acceptability of proposed improvements for end users in small and medium-sized enterprises. Research methods: monographic, comparison, logical analysis and synthesis, questionnaire and interview surveys, statistical data processing, data analysis and summarising, model of CMMI and ISO/IEC 14598. Research results. The first part of this work presents results of analysis of... [to full text]

In Unternehmen mit wissensintensiven Wertschöpfungsprozessen werden oft innovative und einzigartige Produkte hergestellt, die eine enge Zusammenarbeit mit dem Kunden erfordern. Das bedeutet einen hohen Entwicklungs- und Abstimmungsaufwand innerhalb des Unternehmens. Vor allem für kleinere und mittlere produzierende Unternehmen sind praktikable Werkzeuge wichtig, mit denen unter Einbezug der Mitarbeiter solche Dienstleistungsanteile analysiert und passende Dienstleistungsprozesse gestaltet werden können. / Enterprises with skill-intensive value added processes in many cases manufacture innovative and unique products. This requires a close collaboration with the customer, a high development effort and a high level of coordination within the company. Especially small and medium size enterprises need practicable instruments to involve their staff into analyzing refering service contents and into designing the related processes.

The spread of information technology and the dissolution of international borders have had a significant impact on the challenges and opportunities faced by today's small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Innovative behaviour on the part of SMEs is a prerequisite for a successful transformation of the opportunities offered by these structural changes into growth and profitability. Thus, the overall aim of this thesis is to advance the understanding of small firms' innovative behaviour as manifested in the adoption of online channels and internationalisation. This doctoral thesis consists of an introductory chapter and six self-contained essays. The introductory section develops a general analytical framework for the thesis by reviewing the literature on innovation and organisational innovativeness and identifying key determinants and processes. The first four essays seek to explain a firm's propensity to adopt online channels and suggest that firm size and a firm's willingness to cannibalise, i.e. a firm's readiness to reduce the actual or potential value of its earlier investments, differentiate between adopters and non-adopters of online channels. Expectations of alienating resellers through online channel adoption may prevent a firm from adopting. Customers' pull, competitors' push and previous use of the Internet turned out to be strong drivers of online channel use. The fourth essay employs a two-wave research design and highlights that changes that occur in the technological and economic environment in which firms operate can, over time, change a firm's pattern of decision-making from innovation adoption to conventional cost-benefit approach. Essays five and six focus on the internationalisation of SMEs. In particular, essay five focuses on the process aspects of internationalisation and suggests that early importing has a modest direct influence on exporting, and that early importing activity indirectly enhances a firm's international experience and capabilities. Essay six investigates how competitive interactions affect internationalisation and suggests that cooperation with competitors, or coopetition, is a noteworthy internationalisation motive. This thesis contributes to the literature on innovation, internationalisation, electronic marketing and small business management and demonstrates that the dynamic forces associated with innovative behaviour affect SMEs adoption of online channels and how they work with customers and suppliers abroad. / Spridningen av informationsteknik och en kraftig ökning av handel och samarbete över ländergränser har haft en betydande effekt på de utmaningar och möjligheter som dagens små och medelstora företag (SMF) står inför. De små och medelstora företagens innovationsbeteende är dock en förutsättning för att de framgångsrikt skall kunna ta tillvara de möjligheter som dessa strukturella förändringar skapar för att åstadkomma tillväxt och lönsamhet. Således är det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling att utveckla kunskap om innovationsbeteende i små företag, så som detta manifesteras i användande av onlinekanaler och deltagande i internationaliseringsprocesser. Denna avhandling består av ett inledande kapitel och sex fristående essäer. I det inledande kapitlet utvecklas ett övergripande analytiskt ramverk för avhandlingen, utifrån en litteraturöversikt av begreppen innovation och organisatorisk innovativitet där de viktigaste determinanterna och processerna identifieras. De första fyra essäerna försöker förklara ett företags benägenhet till adoption av onlinekanaler och föreslår att företagets storlek och vilja att kannibalisera, dvs ett företags beredskap att minska det faktiska eller potentiella värdet av dess tidigare investeringar, skiljer sig mellan de som använder respektive de som inte använder kanaler på nätet. Förväntningar att återförsäljare skulle bli negativt inställda om företag börjar använda onlinekanaler kan hindra företag från att investera i dem. Karaktäristika hos kunderna, utmaningar från konkurrenterna och tidigare användning av Internet visade sig vara starka drivkrafter bakom användningen av onlinekanaler. I den fjärde essäen, som baseras på data insamlad under två olika tidsperioder, visas att de förändringar som sker i den tekniska och ekonomiska miljö i vilken företagen är verksamma, kan med tiden innebära att beslutsfattandet skiftar från innovationstänkande till traditionellt kostnads​​-nyttotänkande. Essä fem och sex fokuserar på internationaliseringsprocesser i små och medelstora företag. Den femte essäen studerar i första hand internationaliseringsprocessen och visar på att tidig erfarenhet från importverksamhet enbart har en mindre inverkan på omfattningen av företagets framtida export. Tidig importerfarenhet har emellertid även en indirekt positiv effekt på företagets proaktiva attityd till internationalisering. Essä sex undersöker hur interaktion med konkurrenter påverkar internationaliseringen och visar att samarbete med konkurrenter, eller ”coopetition”, kan ha en betydande effekt på motiv till internationalisering. Denna avhandling bidrar till litteraturen inom områdena innovation, internationalisering, digital marknadsföring och ledning av små och medelstora företag. Den visar att de dynamiska krafter som ligger bakom innovationsbeteende påverkar små och medelstora företags användning av onlinekanaler samt hur denna företagsgrupp arbetar med kunder och leverantörer utomlands.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcoAntonioDS.pdf: 1662987 bytes, checksum: 3b57554ccc44a85b859b48b6dc4915d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-14 / The objective of this work consists of considering a script so that operating companies in the telecommunications sector, mainly small and medium-sized enterprises, can reach excellency in its operations and get, thus, conditions to compete with companies consolidated in its niche of market. The proposal intends to lead the enterprises to a level of qualification of processes that to become them apt to adopt the Six Sigma method as part of its culture. From the analysis of the essential processes of the sector, methods and tools will be suggested for guarantee the continuous improvement of these processes, without forgetting the internal peculiarities of each company / O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em propor um roteiro para que empresas atuantes no setor de telecomunica??es, principalmente prestadoras de servi?o de pequeno e m?dio porte, possam alcan?ar excel?ncia em suas opera??es e obtenham, assim, condi??es de competir com empresas consolidadas em seu nicho de atua??o. A proposta pretende conduzir as empresas a um n?vel de qualifica??o de processos que ?s tornem aptas a adotarem a metodologia Seis Sigma como parte integrante de sua cultura. A partir da an?lise dos processos essenciais do setor, ser?o sugeridos m?todos e ferramentas que garantam o aprimoramento cont?nuo destes processos, sem esquecer, contudo, das peculiaridades internas de cada empresa