This thesis deals with analysis of revenues and expenditure for selected small municipalities of South Bohemia in 2008. Revenues are divided into tax, non-tax, capital revenues and transfers received. Revenues are analyzed according to type classification of the budget structure. Expenditures are divided into current and capital. They are also analyzed according to type classification and classification by branch of the budget structure as well. Data are process into tables and graphs. The thesis also analyzes the property of municipalities and their indebtedness. Obtained date are compared with those of other municipalities. The aim is to identify and define the specifics of the financing of small municipalities.

Esta pesquisa partiu da reflexão sobre a aplicabilidade dos conceitos de sustentabilidade, utilizando como foco a cidade. Pela primeira vez na história, em 2008 a população urbana ultrapassou a rural em níveis mundiais. No Brasil, cerca de 80% da população vive em áreas urbanas, sendo que 75% dos municípios brasileiros possuem até vinte mil habitantes. A Agenda 21 e a Agenda Habitat para Municípios abordam que os atuais padrões de desenvolvimento degradam os recursos naturais, afetando as condições de vida da população nas cidades. Esses documentos alertam para que haja respeito pela capacidade de absorção dos ecossistemas. A Pegada Ecológica, desenvolvida por Mathis Wackernagel e William Rees, é uma ferramenta de análise que permite estimar, em termos de área produtiva correspondente, o consumo de recursos e a capacidade de assimilação dos impactos ambientais gerados por uma determinada população ou economia. Para se utilizar essa ferramenta, de forma a ser implementada nas cidades brasileiras, é preciso adaptá-la, para que seja inserida em um instrumento de política urbana local, o Plano Diretor. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é desenvolver um método de avaliação da sustentabilidade ambiental para pequenos municípios, baseado na Pegada Ecológica, inserido no processo de elaboração de Planos Diretores de Desenvolvimento Urbano. O procedimento metodológico utilizado foi a pesquisa construtiva, dividida nas etapas de inspeção, a qual se refere à compreensão do processo, por meio da revisão da literatura; seguida da etapa de imaginação, onde é possível criar alternativas de transformação do processo atual, a qual contou com a experiência de especialistas; e finalmente, pela etapa de aplicação, em que se colocam em prática as alternativas desejadas. Nesta etapa houve a aplicação da ferramenta em município de pequeno porte (Feliz/RS). A contribuição da pesquisa se refere à apresentação detalhada da aplicação de uma ferramenta de avaliação da sustentabilidade ambiental, a qual discretiza as atividades mais sustentáveis, considerando-as como de reduzido impacto ambiental, e contribui na compreensão de que as decisões de planejamento afetam todo um sistema, que vai além das fronteiras políticas. / This research resulted from the reflection on the applicability of sustainable concepts focused on the city. For the first time in history, in 2008 urban population surpassed rural population at the global level. Around 80 percent of the Brazilian population lives in urban areas, considering that 75 percent of the Brazilian municipalities have up to twenty thousand inhabitants. Agenda 21 and Agenda Habitat for Municipalities address that the current development standards damage natural resources, and thus affect life conditions of the urban population. These documents stress the need to respect ecosystems absorption capability. The Ecological Footprint is an analysis tool developed by Mathis Wackernagel and William Rees. It enables to estimate resource consumption and assimilation capability of environmental impacts generated by a specific population or economy, in terms of corresponding productive land. Its implementation in Brazilian cities requires it to be adapted in order to incorporate it in a local urban policy instrument, the Master Plan. The aim of this research is to develop an assessment method of environmental sustainability in small municipalities. It was based on the Ecological Footprint incorporated in the elaboration process of Urban Master Plans. The methodological procedure used was the constructive research, which was divided in inspection, imagination and intervention: the first phase refers to the process comprehension through the review of previous research and references. The second phase refers to the development of alternatives for changing the current process, which had the support of experts' experience. Finally, the third phase refers to the application of the planned alternatives. In the latter phase, the tool was applied in a small municipality (Feliz/RS). The contribution of this research refers to a detailed presentation of an assessment tool of environmental sustainability which points out more sustainable activities, reckoning them as having less impact on environment. The study also contributes in showing that planning decisions affect a whole system, which goes beyond political boundaries.

O presente trabalho propõe-se a discutir os municípios rurais brasileiros, vislumbrando as múltiplas dimensões e os diferentes contornos que eles assumem neste vasto território. Pretende-se investigar como a ruralidade tem sido tratada contemporaneamente em termos teórico-conceituais, e como se tem apresentado empiricamente nos municípios brasileiros, com enfoque sobre os de pequeno porte do Nordeste. Para tanto, construiu-se uma análise subsidiada por estudo de caso, tendo como lócus de investigação os municípios do Estado de Alagoas. Busca-se, nesta pesquisa, a compreender os principais aspectos constituintes da ruralidade brasileira, que se mostra sobremaneira heterogênea, coloca-se como caminho inevitável na formulação de políticas públicas de desenvolvimento territorial que precisam, urgentemente, abandonar o caráter setorial para assumir a complexidade territorial que exigem as desigualdades socioespaciais que marcam a realidade do nosso país. / This paper proposes to discuss the Brazilian rural municipalities, seeing the multiple dimensions and different shapes they assume in this vast territory. We intend to investigate how rurality has been treated simultaneously in theoretical and conceptual terms, and how it has been shown empirically in Brazilian municipalities, with a focus on small Northeast. Therefore, an analysis built subsidized by case study, with the locus of research municipalities on the State of Alagoas. Seeks, in this research, to understand the main aspects that constitute Brazilian rurality, which shows greatly heterogeneous positions itself, considering it an inevitable path in the formulation of public policies on territorial development that need to urgently leave the sectoral character to take the complexity territorial requiring the socio-spatial inequalities that mark the reality of our country.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-29T13:56:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandohenriqueguisso.pdf: 931652 bytes, checksum: 4f5b032df257995dfaeb8c4ee3a92b7b (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Adicionar instituição on 2016-02-01T15:46:16Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T16:24:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandohenriqueguisso.pdf: 931652 bytes, checksum: 4f5b032df257995dfaeb8c4ee3a92b7b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-01T20:13:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandohenriqueguisso.pdf: 931652 bytes, checksum: 4f5b032df257995dfaeb8c4ee3a92b7b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-01T20:13:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandohenriqueguisso.pdf: 931652 bytes, checksum: 4f5b032df257995dfaeb8c4ee3a92b7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-25 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / O presente trabalho pretende explorar as instituições participativas conhecidas como Conselhos Gestores de Políticas Públicas em municípios de pequeno porte de Minas Gerais. O objetivo passa pela observação da implantação e funcionamento destes conselhos e um contexto pouco explorado. Dada a importância que eles adquiriram enquanto espaço decisório, a partir da premissa de um democracia participativa e deliberativa, se faz necessário observar seu funcionamento em diversos contextos. As pesquisas até então tem se focado nos municípios de grande e médio porte e, dessa forma, é importante ampliar as análises, reconhecendo as peculiaridades dos pequenos municípios. O trabalho partiu de um recorte de quatro municípios localizados em diferentes regiões do estado. Os dados utilizados na análise são fruto da pesquisa “A Dinâmica da Participação Local no Brasil”, desenvolvida pelo Projeto Democracia Participativa. (PRODEP/UFMG) / This study aims to explore the participatory institutions known as Public Policy Management Councils in small towns of Minas Gerais. The objective involves the observation of the deployment and operation of these councils and an unexplored context. Given the importance they acquired while decision space on the premise of a participatory and deliberative democracy, it is necessary to observe their functioning in various contexts. The research thus far has focused on big and médium cities and, therefore, it is important to extend the analysis, recognizing the peculiarities of small municipalities. The work started from a clipping four municipalities located in different regions of the state. The data used in the analysis are the result of the research "The Dynamics of Local Participation in Brazil", developed by the Participatory Democracy Project. (PRODEP / UFMG)

In my master thesis I will focus on advantages of co-operation small villages and their expectant development. The theoretic part of thesis target the legislative and socioeconomic aspects of municipal co-operation. Principal aim is giving account of positive and negative impacts of function and next development of co-operation smaller municipalities and their staying in residential structure. Next part will be attended to association of municipalities and legal entities called Sdružení Růže. This is situated in the south part of Czech republic. I will analyze kinds of their activities and determinate limits and barriers of their development by socioeconomic analysis territory.

Inter-municipal co-operation (IMC) is one of the most challenging forms of co-operation between local authorities. If municipalities need to co-operate, isn't it because they are too small. And if they are too small, why not amalgamate then? IMC is often seen -- and feared -- as a first step towards amalgamation, or a bad compromise after the failure to amalgamate. It shouldn't. Across Europe, the reasons for inter-municipal co-operation vary to a considerable extent. And they are not necessarily linked to the excessive (for some) fragmentation of the municipal chart. Inter-municipal cooperation offers a serious way forward. It is not an easy option; it can be complex and it carries risk. But it has the potential to deliver significant advantages to all municipalities, both large and small.

The thesis deals with the budgetary process and with the specific situation of small municipalities. The small municipalities are defined to be municipalities with less than one thousand residents, which are not further divided into individual departments. The budgetary process is outlined based on an example of a particular municipality in the region of Karlovy Vary. At the same time some differences compared to the previous development are highlighted as in 2009 the economic position of the local municipalities was affected by the impacts of the financial crisis. Finally, the recommendations are provided both to the particular municipality and to the general approach to the budgetary process as such.

The thesis surveys preparedness of small municipalities to provide data of their cadastral territories in a digital form. This prospective regulation is based on the INSPIRE directive. The preparedness was surveyed by research aimed at usage of geographic information systems in small municipalities with less than 2 000 inhabitants. The output of this thesis is to create a methodology for the implementation of geographic information systems in small municipalities.

Sport has the potential to attract and engage people into active, social, and healthy lifestyles. A high grade of easy access to sports facilities increases the chances to increase the number of participants. In smaller municipalities the choices of sports are often limited in comparison to bigger cities. The aim of this study was to gain understanding of how adolescents experience the choices of sports in their municipalities with a narrow range of sports to choose from. In relation to their experiences of local sports, this study also enlightens factors of importance to gain interest and continue in sports among youth, both in the initial phase of being new to a sport but also what keeps them interested to continue. With Bourdieu's theory of capital, field and habitus as a theoretical framework, this study gives attention to adolescents and their opportunities as well as obstacles for participation in leisure activities that includes sport. The selection of individuals for the study originate from two small municipalities: Nordmaling and Bjurholm with Bjurholm having the lowest number inhabitants in Sweden. Data for this study was collected through seven interviews where three of them were group interviews. The results show that the participants overall experience a good range of sports and sufficient opportunities for being active within their municipalities, despite that sports clubs are losing members, closing, and are unable to maintain sports facilities. The results also show that less popular sports also face difficulties to recruit new members, because of the norms within the municipalities. The study shows that friends often is a crucial factor, friends that quit usually results in their friends also quitting, where migration is one of the most common reasons. The conclusion of this study is that sports in Västerbottens rural municipalities of Nordmaling and Bjurholm has a narrow selection of sports, however they do attract youth but have difficulties of keeping them in the club as they grow older.

This diploma thesis aims to provide insight into the municipal system in small municipalities. The work consists of two parts, a literature search and a research analytical part. The subject of the research is a discussion of Czech and later also German authors who deal with communal politics. The subject of this work is the role of associations as political actors in small municipalities with less than 300 inhabitants. The results of the research demonstrate the identical and different features of the Czech and German debate regarding small municipalities and the involvement of associations in political life. As a result, several variables were identified that are repeated for the authors. The sample is 10 municipalities from the Brandýs nad Orlicí micro-region, which are compared with each other in several areas. Municipalities are very similar, especially in terms of population, and thus the sample is relevant for mutual comparison between municipalities. The subject of the research is the identification of federal candidates and representatives, the support of associations from the municipality and the motivation of federal candidates for candidacy. The key source is interviews with council members and federal candidates, which are processed in the form of graphs and tables. In conclusion,...