The diploma thesis "Social Housing - an integral segment of the housing policy and its conceptual design in the Statutory City of Opava" deals with the problem of increasing numbers of individuals or groups who have problems with obtaining decent housing or with the maintenance of the current housing market in the Czech Republic. After 1989, the transformation of housing and significantly changed its ownership structure. Social rental housing segment, however, in our almost non-existent, the concept of social housing is enshrined in our legal framework and no common concept and function for the Czech Republic as a country. In Western Europe, while social housing tradition since the 19th century and is now the total number of rental housing for 18 % allocated as social housing. In the current situation and economic context, it is clear that a stable population will be unable to provide themselves and maintain their own housing. Housing is yet one of the basic social needs, which is not possible without the development of both individual and society. Housing is considered as a specific asset to which not only can be viewed through the lens of economic criteria. For these reasons, it is accentuated in the thesis that social housing in the Czech Republic would be an integral part of the housing stock....

The thesis "The increasing number of households below the own housing in the context of social housing" deals with the growing number of czech households that fall short on their own housing. The issue is examined through case studies of Česká Lípa rental housing in terms of housing and special purpose housing.

The thesis "Analysis of the Causes of Over-Indebtedness" consists of a detailed analysis of issues leading up to over-indebtedness. It also aims to point out the most serious consequences of over-indebtedness. The thesis brings attention to the relation between causes and effects which, in many cases, take the form of the opposite and vice versa. The boundary between cause and effect can often be indistinct, and it is essential to distinguish between the two in order to find a solution for an over-indebted client. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the issue of a loss of income which may lead to over-indebtedness, draws attention to the important role of education in the area of financial literacy, and notes on the most serious consequences of over-indebtedness, which it sees in the loss of housing, homelessness, and other negative effects. The research part concentrates on a social group which belongs to one of the most threatened with social exclusion, welfare applicants. The research attempts to analyse their debt situation in relation to their age, education, housing, unemployment period, willingness to change their situation, and willingness to repay their debt.

In recent decades, the city of Brno has been facing increasing demands on living and working spaces. Rather than expanding the city's boundaries, however, it is necessary to embark on the development of already defined blocks or vacant-lots. At the same time, in a time of rapidly changing demands of the population, it is appropriate to consider the possibilities of variability of the buildings themselves in order to respond flexibly to the situation. The diploma thesis deals with the topic of social housing and the possibilities of its variability - as a tool for regulating rental prices in Brno. The result is a modular gallery building on Francouzská street. The parterre is dedicated to the catering facilities and community clubhouse linked to both the street and the courtyard.

The purpose of this case study is to describe and analyze the City Mission's project to construct and manage socially sustainable housing in Farsta Strand. This is done by analyzing the project and its intended model from a social and economic sustainability perspective. The methods used to collect data in this qualitative study include a compilation of literature review, document analysis, and interview study. The study subject in Farsta Strand was investigated in a case study where project developers from the Stockholm City Mission and two researchers were interviewed to gain an understanding of the project's purpose, design, context, and background. In addition to the two selected sustainability dimensions, social and economic sustainability, the theoretical background of the study is based on a developed theoretical framework. This framework consists of analysis questions partly based on previous research reports related to the project's previous design. The formulated analysis questions were based on the revised project model and were then included in the interview guide for the interview with representatives from the Stockholm City Mission. The obtained answers served as the starting point for the analysis and discussion from a social and economic perspective. Even though the study subject has not been constructed and the model has not been previously tested, the study addresses its purpose of creating long-term housing solutions of good quality for households that face challenges in accessing the regular housing market. Furthermore, the study results suggest that the project can potentially achieve its purpose based on the two sustainability dimensions. From a social sustainability perspective, the project can create conditions for households to improve their living situation over time by offering a collective housing solution that includes, among other things, first-hand contracts with adjusted rents. Simultaneously, the study demonstrates from an economic sustainability perspective that the project can offer long-term conditions for property owners to adopt the model, which is a prerequisite for the purpose of the model to be achieved. / Syftet med denna fallstudie är att beskriva och analysera Stadsmissionens projekt att bygga och förvalta socialt hållbara bostäder i Farsta Strand. Detta görs genom att analysera projektet med dess tänkta modell utifrån ett socialt och ekonomiskt hållbarhetsperspektiv. Metoderna som använts för att samla in data i denna kvalitativa studie är en sammanställning av litteraturgenomgång, dokumentstudie och intervjustudie. Studieobjektet i Farsta Strand undersöktes i en fallstudie där projektutvecklare från Stockholms Stadsmission och två forskare intervjuades i syfte att skapa förståelse för projektets syfte, utformning, kontext och bakgrund. Utöver de två valda hållbarhetsdimensionerna, social och ekonomisk hållbarhet, utgörs studiens teoretiska bakgrund på ett framtaget teoretiskt ramverk. Detta ramverk utgörs av analysfrågor som delvis baseras på tidigare forskningsrapport kopplat till projektets tidigare utformning. De framtagna analysfrågorna baserades på den omarbetade projektmodellen och ingick sedan i den intervjuguide för intervjun med representanter från Stockholms Stadsmission. Svaren som erhölls utgjorde utgångspunkten för analysen och diskussionen utifrån ett socialt och ekonomiskt perspektiv. Trots att studieobjektet inte är uppfört och att modellen inte tidigare är beprövad svarar studien på sitt syfte med att skapa långsiktiga boendelösningar av god kvalitet för hushåll som har det svårt att komma in på den ordinarie bostadsmarknaden. Vidare resulterar studien att projektet kan tänkas uppnå sitt syfte utifrån de två hållbarhetsdimensionerna. Ur ett socialt hållbarhetsperspektiv kan projektet genom att erbjuda en kollektiv boendelösning som bland annat innefattar förstahandskontrakt med anpassade hyror skapa förutsättningar för hushållen att förbättra sin livssituation över tid. Samtidigt visar studien ur ett ekonomiskt hållbarhetsperspektiv att projektet kan erbjuda långsiktiga förutsättningar för fastighetsägare att ta efter modellen, vilket är en förutsättning för att syftet med modellen ska uppnås.

[pt] Os profissionais da construção civil vêm se tornando mais conscientes sobre seu papel no agravamento dos problemas ambientais, levando estes à procura de métodos e materiais que apresentem menos impacto ambiental. O uso de fibras vegetais como reforço vem sendo feito ao longo dos anos de forma a melhorar as propriedades mecânicas de compósitos, sendo estas de caráter renovável e biodegradáveis. A presente pesquisa visa a caracterização de biocompósitos para fabricação de habitações sociais de baixo impacto ambiental através do processo de moldagem por compressão das placas de vedação de tecido de fibra de juta e matriz de poliuretano vegetal e de impressão 3D de perfis e ligações de PLA e fibra vegetal de juta, sisal e rami. Para as placas moldadas por compressão foi feito um estudo da influência da direção da fibra nas propriedades mecânicas, constatando, através de ensaio de flexão monotônica, que a direção principal da fibra (urdume do tecido) apresenta a melhor resistência e maior rigidez, alcançando 37,2 mais ou menos 0,9MPa e 10,4 mais ou menos 1,1GPa, respectivamente. Analisando os efeitos à longo prazo, foi estudado o efeito da radiação ultravioleta nas placas, onde foram feitos ensaios em corpos de prova nas direções 0 graus e 90 graus expostos a uma lâmpada ultravioleta de 365nm por 3 (três) meses. Além disso, com os resultados dos ensaios foi possível aplicar a regra das misturas de forma inversa na determinação das propriedades da fibra e da matriz. Para os compósitos impressos 3D foi analisada a influência do tipo de fibra na resistência à tração e rigidez do material. Pelo ensaio à tração foram constatados aumentos significativos na resistência com o uso de fibras de rami (61,8 por cento) e sisal (110,8 por cento), chegando à resistência de 45,5 mais ou menos 6,1MPa e 59,3 mais ou menos 4,1MPa, respectivamente. / [en] Civil construction professionals have become more aware of their role in aggravating environmental problems, leading them to search for methods and materials that have less environmental impact. Vegetable fibers have been used as reinforcement over the years to improve the mechanical properties of composites, which are renewable and biodegradable. This research aims at the characterization of biocomposites for social housing manufacture with low environmental impact through the sealing plates compression molded process of jute fiber fabric and vegetable polyurethane matrix and 3D printing of PLA profiles and connections of jute, sisal, and ramie vegetable fiber. For the compression molded plates, a study was made to determine the influence of fiber direction on mechanical properties, noting, through a monotonic bending test, that the main fiber direction (warp of the fabric) has the highest resistance and stiffness, with 37.2 plus or minus 0.9MPa and 10.4 plus or minus 1.1GPa, respectively. Analyzing long term effects, the plates were exposed to ultraviolet radiation. In these tests, the specimens were exposed to a 365nm ultraviolet lamp during three months before being submitted to directional resistance trials in 0 degrees and 90 degrees. Furthermore, with the test results, it was possible to apply the mixing rule inversely to determine the fiber and matrix properties. For 3D printed composites, the influence of fiber type on the material s tensile strength and stiffness was analyzed. The tensile test found significant increases in strength with the use of ramie (61.83 percent) and sisal (110.80 percent) fibers, reaching a strength of 45.5 plus or minus 6.1MPa and 59.3 plus or minus 4.1MPa, respectively.

[pt] Os edifícios ociosos, no Brasil, podem contribuir para a diminuição do déficit habitacional ao serem convertidos para habitações de interesse social (HIS), mesmo que o seu uso anterior não seja residencial. A conversão desses edifícios em HIS pode apresentar diferentes níveis de dificuldade. Nesse sentido, faz-se necessária uma metodologia para criar uma ordem de intervenção. Contudo, há diversas variáveis do urbanismo, da arquitetura e da engenharia que precisam ser avaliadas para que um edifício seja escolhido. No início do processo, essas análises são desafiadoras, devido à subjetividade e à escassez de informações nessa fase. Nesse contexto, e considerando as soluções encontradas na Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL), este trabalho propõe uma metodologia baseada no modelo paramétrico, que contribui para antecipação das análises, associada à Lógica Fuzzy, que auxilia no tratamento da subjetividade, e ao método multicritério TOPSIS, para tornar o processo de pré-seleção mais eficiente. Foi desenvolvido um Mapa de Processo que propõe um novo fluxo de trabalho, relacionando estudos de conforto ambiental, localização e custo direto com o estado de conservação. O mapa proposto foi aplicado a três estudos de caso na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A fim de validar os resultados e os critérios utilizados, realizaram-se onze entrevistas estruturadas com arquitetos experientes em projetos de reabilitação habitacional. Os resultados obtidos nas entrevistas indicam que o método proposto embasa a escolha do edifício, diminuindo a sua subjetividade. Além disso, facilita o entendimento, por profissionais pouco experientes, das diferentes análises que precisam ser efetuadas para uma escolha mais racional. / [en] The vacant buildings in Brazil can contribute to reduce the housing deficit when converted to social housing, even if their previous use is not residential. The conversion of these buildings into social housing can present different levels of difficulty. In this sense, a methodology is necessary to create an order of intervention. However, there are several variables of urbanism, architecture and engineering that need to be evaluated in order to choose a building to be converted. At the beginning of the process, these analyzes are challenging, due to the subjectivity and the scarcity of information at this stage. In this context, and considering the solutions found in the Systematic Literature Review, this reaserch work proposes a methodology based on a parametric model, which contributes to anticipate the analyzes, associated with Fuzzy Logic, which helps in the treatment of subjectivity, and with the multicriteria method TOPSIS, which makes the pre-selection process more efficient. A Process Map that proposes a new workflow was developed, relating studies of environmental comfort, location and direct cost with the state of conservation. The proposed map was applied to three case studies in the city of Rio de Janeiro. In order to validate the results and the criteria used, eleven structured interviews were carried out with architects experienced in housing rehabilitation projects. The results obtained in the interviews indicate that the proposed method supports the choice of the building, reducing its subjectivity. Furthermore, it facilitates the understanding, by inexperienced professionals, of the different analyzes that need to be carried out for a more rational choice.

[pt] Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a construção do lar a partir das formas de apropriação de espaço, demonstrados pelos moradores do Conjunto Habitacional de interesse social, denominado San Francisco, em Assunção, Paraguai. Dito conjunto foi construído para remanejar a população de um assentamento informal denominado La Chacarita, localizado às margens do Rio Paraguai na zona do centro histórico de Assunção, que enfrenta enchentes cíclicas e que se viu afetada por intervenções de infraestruturas urbanas que agravaram essa situação. Considerando que essa população sofreu um processo de remoção compulsória do assentamento de origem procura-se, nesta pesquisa, identificar as formas de apropriação em um espaço programado, fruto de um projeto de arquitetura, tornando-os espaços criados, ou seja, transformados a partir da produção de táticas de adequação pelos próprios habitantes (Machado-Martins; Trotta, 2020), e como a remoção influencia nesse processo de apropriação. Para isso, serão considerados fatos históricos que foram coletados de uma intensa pesquisa bibliográfica, as trajetórias e experiências das famílias até chegar ao lugar de moradia, observando e analisando os processos de adaptação e transformação no conjunto. Já que a relação entre o ambiente vivido e as pessoas estabelece uma troca mútua – pois as pessoas transformam os lugares, mas os lugares também interferem nas práticas das pessoas e criam um hábito – nesta pesquisa, se mobiliza o conceito de habitar, não só como uso do espaço propriamente dito, mas como uma relação básica entre o indivíduo e o mundo, de apropriação do lugar, de criação de vínculos, de sentido de pertencimento e identidade entre a pessoa e o lugar (Pallasmaa, 2016; Tuan, 1983). Também se considera o sentido de lar como uma construção demonstrada a partir da apropriação do espaço e a dotação de significados ao lugar. / [en] This research aims to investigate the construction of the home from the forms of appropriation of space, demonstrated by the residents of the social housing complex, called San Francisco, in Asunción, Paraguay. This complex was built to relocate the population from an informal settlement called La Chacarita, located on the banks of the Paraguay River in the historic center of Asunción, which faces cyclical flooding and was affected by urban infrastructure interventions that aggravated this situation. Considering that this population has suffered a process of compulsory removal from their original settlement, this research seeks to identify the forms of appropriation in a programmed space, fruit of an architectural project making them created spaces, that is, transformed from the production of adaptation tactics by the inhabitants themselves (Machado-Martins; Trotta, 2020), and how the removal influences this appropriation process. For this, we will consider historical facts that were collected from intensive bibliographical research, and the trajectories and experiences of the families until arriving at their place of residence, observing and analyzing the processes of adaptation and transformation in the set. Since the relationship between the lived environment and people establishes a mutual exchange - because people transform places, but places also interfere in people s practices and create a habit - this research mobilizes the concept of dwelling, not only as the use of space itself, but as a basic relationship between the individual and the world, of appropriation of the place, of creating bonds, of a sense of belonging and identity between the person and the place (Pallasmaa, 2016; Tuan, 1983). Sense of home is also considered as a construct demonstrated from the appropriation of space and the endowment of meanings to place.

[pt] A moradia enquanto apropriação privada de uma parcela do solo urbano se tornou uma mercadoria de altíssimo custo, sendo inacessível para as famílias de baixa renda. O Estado intermedeia essa situação com políticas de habitação social, como é o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, dirigido às famílias com renda média de zero até dez salários mínimos, dividido em faixas de renda salariais. Tais políticas habitacionais são criadas em confluência com a classe capitalista, de forma que definem as áreas e acessos destinados a moradias sociais, que em geral, são áreas menos valorizadas, com baixos investimentos do Estado e serviços públicos precários, como é o bairro de Senador Camará, nossa empiria. Essa desvalorização se dá pelo próprio movimento do capital, que cria um mosaico de desenvolvimento geográfico desigual, em que as regiões ricas tendem a ficar mais ricas, enquanto regiões pobres tendem a ficar mais pobres. No bairro, foram construídos empreendimentos destinados às famílias com renda de zero a três salários mínimos (Faixa 01), em uma área contaminada por amianto, substância altamente perigosa para a saúde humana, além de estarem sob o poder do tráfico local, controlando suas vidas cotidianas. Podemos dizer que a produção do espaço como moradia social produz contradições, as quais se manifestam nos condomínios construídos no bairro de Senador Camará. Portanto, nosso objetivo é analisar as manifestações da produção do espaço como moradia social e a relação com a saúde humana em nossa empiria, a partir da dimensão do corpo enquanto escala espacial desse processo. / [en] Housing as private appropriation of a parcel of urban land has become a commodity of very high cost, being inaccessible to low-income families. The State mediates this situation with social housing policies, such as the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program, aimed at families with an average income of zero to ten minimum wages, divided into income brackets. Such housing policies are created in conjunction with the capitalist class, in a way that defines the areas and accesses to social housing, which in general are less valued areas, with low state investments and precarious public services, such as the neighborhood of Senador Camará, our empire. This devaluation is due to the very movement of capital, which creates a mosaic of uneven geographical development, where rich regions tend to become richer, while poor regions tend to become poorer. In the neighborhood, enterprises were built for families with income from zero to three minimum wages (Range 01), in an area contaminated by asbestos, a substance highly dangerous to human health, and under the power of local traffic, controlling their lives everyday life. We can say that the production of space as social housing produces contradictions, which are manifested in the condominiums built in the neighborhood of Senador Camará. Therefore, our objective is to analyze the manifestations of the production of space as social housing and the relationship with human health in our empiricism, from the dimension of the body as a spatial scale of this process.

This diploma thesis examine a social housing in the Czech Republic. This is very actual topic of nowadays. Until now, no legislative norm has been adopted to deal with the difficult housing distress of the population. While comparing with other European and non-European countries, Czech housing legislation is about to lose its breath. For example in terms of affordability of housing, quality of housing, housing security etc. The reason of this diploma thesis is to analyze the network connections between subsystem of social housing through public political theory Advocacy Coalition Framework The very first software tool in the Czech Republic which apply the theory in practise was tool called Discourse Network Analyzer. The core part of the research of the diploma thesis is therefore a discourse analysis, which focuses on examining the political beliefs of the subsystems and identifying the advocacy coalitions of the subsystem. Followed up with interpretations of the data obtained indicated political beliefs in historical, social and economic circumstances. The main findings of the diploma thesis include confirmation of three advocacy coalitions in the subsystem of social housing.