Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Victor Rodrigues Collins.pdf: 1545096 bytes, checksum: ae202129c85feb055abe90a9c1e05730 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Work focused on the dynamics and movements of social change related to Malinowski s and G. Balandier´s contribution. Observe how the social dynamics happens immersed in a social structure related to the colonialist historical context in african and european societies carrying the germ of the possibility of social disorder and crisis related to internal contradictions and external political relations based on conflict. How the Functionalist and Generative approach to the social dynamics were able to analyze the internal and external social conditions as one unique circuit which the colonial expansive and the colonial consolidation movement happened and the consequences for traditional african societies colonized. This work points towards the limitations of conventional Anthropology by dealing with the social dynamics of the colonized societies. Focused in observing and analyzing how Anthropology unfolded itself, with an onthological and epistemological overcoming, and the opening of Anthropology towards history, related to the traditional african societies as well societies in history. In this work is exposed the generative dynamic approach, which consists in observing societies in the historical process related to their conflicts and contradictions towards a future reorganization of the social / Trabalho focado na dinâmica do movimento e da mudança social em relação à contribuição em Antropologia de B. Malinowski e G. Balandier. Observa como a dinâmica social se dá no contexto histórico do colonialismo em sociedades africanas e europeias, carregando o germe da desordem e da crise por conta de contradições internas e relações políticas conflituosas e desiguais externas. Como o funcionalismo e a abordagem dinâmica foram capazes de problematizar as condições sociais internas e externas como circuito único em que se deu a expansão e consolidação colonial, e as consequências para as sociedades tradicionais no continente africano colonizadas. O texto aponta ainda as limitações da Antropologia convencional em lidar com a dinâmica social das sociedades colonizadas. Observa e avalia como se deu o movimento de desdobramento da Antropologia, a superação ontológica e epistemológica, e abertura à história nos trabalhos de B. Malinowski e G. Balandier, tanto em relação às sociedades tradicionais no continente africano, como nas sociedades na história. Grande parte do trabalho expõe a abordagem dinâmica generativa, que implica observar as sociedades no processo histórico em relação a seus conflitos e contradições em direção a uma futura reorganização social

L'objectif de cette recherche est d'analyser pourquoi et comment les institutions qui composent le secteur de l'industrie électronique ont structurellement intégré une politique de responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE). Ensuite, d'examiner le rôle et les effets de cette évolution sur la mondialisation par le biais des chaînes d'approvisionnement internationales du secteur. Dans une première étape, via la théorie culturelle, et dans le contexte de la société du risque et de la modernité récente, la RSE se révèle une réponse institutionnelle défensive face aux risques de réputation et aux atteintes probables à la légitimité. Ensuite, la théorie culturelle nous permet d'analyser la RSE dans le secteur choisi en tant que processus socio-dynamique exerçant une pression sur les entreprises pour élargir leur culture organisationnelle tout en les orientant plus vers des valeurs égalitaires. Plusieurs effets sectoriels de ce processus sont analysés : le rôle de l'activité RSE dans les pratiques concurrentielles à travers l'isomorphisme, la façon dont les systèmes de classement éthique améliorent l'homogénéité de l'activité RSE, et l'impact de la réactivité des consommateurs en matière de RSE. Après avoir exploré l'intégration de la RSE dans une organisation, puis ses effets sur l'environnement sectoriel, on se focalise sur l'impact que la RSE peut avoir sur la mondialisation et le développement. Ainsi, le troisième volet de cette étude s’intéresse à l'impact que la RSE peut avoir en pénétrant les chaînes d'approvisionnement les plus intensément liées aux abus éthiques. Cela invite à réévaluer les processus de mondialisation, et leurs effets sur le développement. Grâce aux travaux d'Amartya Sen, Jean Tirole et d'autres, l'impact de la RSE sur les chaînes d'approvisionnement en électronique est évalué de manière critique en montrant comment une intervention structurelle dans les sociétés en développement pourrait être envisagée. Le travail de terrain pour cette enquête empirique a consisté en des visites d'usines en Chine et des entretiens avec la direction et les employés ; aussi, en des entretiens avec des cadres de multinationales, des contrôleurs et consultants en RSE et des militants d'associations syndicales internationales. Ce travail est complété par la participation à plusieurs réunions des parties prenantes du secteur et par l'analyse de documents produits par ces parties ; aussi, par de rapports, et des diverses formes de couverture médiatique, y compris de documentaires. / The aim of this research is to analyze how and why corporate social responsibility (CSR) policy has become structurally integrated in the institutions which comprise the electronics manufacturing sector, and to examine its role and effects upon globalization through its international supply chains. Firstly, through the analytical tools of cultural theory and against the background of risk society in late modernity, CSR is investigated and revealed as a defensive institutional response to reputational risk and legitimacy. Secondly, cultural theory allows us to analyze CSR in the sector as a socio-dynamic process resulting in the pressure on companies to broaden their organizational culture by increasing their affinity for egalitarian values. Several sectorial effects of this are analyzed: the role that CSR activity has in competitive practices through isomorphism, how ethical ranking systems enhance the homogeneity of CSR activity, and the impact of consumers’ CSR responsiveness. After considering the integration of CSR in a corporate institution, then its effects upon the sectorial environment, I consider the impact that CSR can have on globalization and development. Thus, the third dimension of this work is CSR’s initiation of impact along supply chains where most unethical abuses occur. This invites a re-evaluation of the processes of globalization and their effects upon development. Through the work of Amartya Sen, Jean Tirole and others, the impact of CSR in electronics supply chains is critically evaluated indicating how structural intervention in developing societies could be envisaged. The fieldwork for this empirical investigation consisted of visits to industrial plants in China and interviews with management and workers; interviews with executives of multinational corporations, CSR auditors and consultants, and activists of international trade union associations; participation in several sector-wide stakeholder meetings; and the analyses of industry documents, reports, diverse forms of media coverage, and documentaries.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:54:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Victor Rodrigues Collins.pdf: 1545096 bytes, checksum: ae202129c85feb055abe90a9c1e05730 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Work focused on the dynamics and movements of social change related to Malinowski s and G. Balandier´s contribution. Observe how the social dynamics happens immersed in a social structure related to the colonialist historical context in african and european societies carrying the germ of the possibility of social disorder and crisis related to internal contradictions and external political relations based on conflict. How the Functionalist and Generative approach to the social dynamics were able to analyze the internal and external social conditions as one unique circuit which the colonial expansive and the colonial consolidation movement happened and the consequences for traditional african societies colonized. This work points towards the limitations of conventional Anthropology by dealing with the social dynamics of the colonized societies. Focused in observing and analyzing how Anthropology unfolded itself, with an onthological and epistemological overcoming, and the opening of Anthropology towards history, related to the traditional african societies as well societies in history. In this work is exposed the generative dynamic approach, which consists in observing societies in the historical process related to their conflicts and contradictions towards a future reorganization of the social / Trabalho focado na dinâmica do movimento e da mudança social em relação à contribuição em Antropologia de B. Malinowski e G. Balandier. Observa como a dinâmica social se dá no contexto histórico do colonialismo em sociedades africanas e europeias, carregando o germe da desordem e da crise por conta de contradições internas e relações políticas conflituosas e desiguais externas. Como o funcionalismo e a abordagem dinâmica foram capazes de problematizar as condições sociais internas e externas como circuito único em que se deu a expansão e consolidação colonial, e as consequências para as sociedades tradicionais no continente africano colonizadas. O texto aponta ainda as limitações da Antropologia convencional em lidar com a dinâmica social das sociedades colonizadas. Observa e avalia como se deu o movimento de desdobramento da Antropologia, a superação ontológica e epistemológica, e abertura à história nos trabalhos de B. Malinowski e G. Balandier, tanto em relação às sociedades tradicionais no continente africano, como nas sociedades na história. Grande parte do trabalho expõe a abordagem dinâmica generativa, que implica observar as sociedades no processo histórico em relação a seus conflitos e contradições em direção a uma futura reorganização social

Culture involves the handing down of information, traditions, knowledge and skill, views and ideals from one individual to another and across generations by means of social transmission expressed in manufactured objects and behaviour. The evolution of cumulative culture, a human specific capacity, makes possible an inheritance system that is governed by the same Darwinian principles as biological evolution. Cumulative culture has made possible the build-up or ratcheting effect of knowledge and traditions that when put together allow for advanced technology, medicine, education and other highly advanced cognitive processes that characterise humans from non human animals. This dissertation dedicates the first chapter to review the literature pertaining to this topic; describing various types of social learning processes and methodological approaches that are used to query and broadly describe the process of culture in various animals. The following two chapters (2 and 3) present three experiments that provide methodical and systematic exploration of the social transmission process which occurs in chimpanzees; using 3 artificial foraging devices, the 3 studies systematically demonstrate that chimpanzees have the capacity to transmit culture from one individual to another and serially across neighbouring communities- providing laboratory evidence of behavioural variation analogous to that observed in the wild. Chapter 4 then goes on to describe an experiment that tests a number of hypothesised biases in cultural transmission. Looking specifically at social dynamics at play during the transmission of skill within ape groups - I systematically analyse the effects of directed social learning; focusing on kin and status based strategies that are characteristic of group living apes. Chapter 5 is an original, empirical and methodically comparative analysis of hierarchically organized behaviour in human children and chimpanzees using a hierarchically organized artificial fruit. The final chapter (6) discusses the findings of each of the five experiments and compares the results to findings at other captive and wild research sites. I then broaden the topic to explore how the findings relate to broad issues in literature and provide a framework for future research and for understanding the complex mechanisms of intelligent systems.

Au début de l’adolescence, on observe une diminution marquée du niveau de pratique d’activité physique (PAP). Les pairs ont été identifiés comme des déterminants importants de la PAP à cette période de la vie. Notre étude explore le rôle des dynamiques sociales entre les pairs dans les perceptions de la PAP d’adolescents Québécois. Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès de 12 garçons et 10 filles, âgés entre 12 et 14 ans, issus de trois écoles aux profils socioéconomiques, géographiques (urbain, de banlieue et rural) et ethniques différents. Le guide d’entretien abordait les thèmes de l’amitié, des railleries, des émotions et des interactions sociales vécues dans différents contextes de PAP. Une analyse descriptive des entretiens a été effectuée afin d’identifier les éléments des dynamiques sociales susceptibles d’influencer les perceptions de la PAP dans différents contextes. L’environnement social des cours d’éducation physique (compétences physiques variées, mixité, valorisation de la compétition) semble favoriser des relations inégales et des rapports de pouvoir entre les jeunes. Les perceptions des adolescents concernant ce contexte de pratique sont souvent négatives. Les perceptions favorables à l’activité physique sont plutôt liées à des contextes de pratique que l’on retrouve à l’extérieur du milieu scolaire et où l’environnement social semble favoriser l’émergence de relations d’égal à égal (compétences physiques similaires, groupes de pairs du même sexe). Les résultats de cette étude peuvent guider les intervenants dans la mise en place de conditions d’intervention qui pourront favoriser la pratique d’activité physique. / The early adolescent years mark an important drop in physical activity participation. Peers have frequently been identified as important social determinants of physical activity involvement (PAI) during this period of youth’s lives. This study explores the influence of adolescent peers’ social dynamics on perceptions related to PAI. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews which were conducted with 12 to 14 year old boys (n = 12) and girls (n = 10) attending schools of three different locations (urban, suburban and rural), socioeconomic statuses, and ethnic compositions. The interview guide broached topics such as friendship, teasing, emotions and social interactions relating to PAI. The analysis of participants’ accounts focused on the description of social interactions as they relate to physical activity in different settings. On one hand, coeducational school settings appear to promote the emergence of power relationships based on performance norms and to foster negative perceptions associated with physical activity. On the other hand, physical activity conducted outside of school with same sex peers who have similar abilities seem to promote relationships based on equality amongst adolescents and positive perceptions about physical activity. These results may provide guidance for professionals aiming to present youth with social environments which promote PAI.

Taxis equipped with GPS sensors are an important sensory device for examining people's movements and activities. They are not constrained to a pre-defined schedule/route. Big taxi GPS data recording the spatio-temporal traces left by taxis provides rich and detailed glimpse into the motivations, behaviours, and resulting dynamics of a city's mobile population through the road network. In this dissertation, we aim to uncover the "hidden facets" regarding social and community dynamics encoded in the taxi GPS data to better understand how urban population behaves and the resulting dynamics in the city. As some "hidden facets" are with regard to similar aspect of social and community dynamics, we further formally define three categories for study (i.e. social dynamics, traffic dynamics, and operational dynamics), and explore them to fill the wide gaps between the raw taxi GPS data and innovative applications and smart urban services. Specifically, 1. To enable applications of real-time taxi fraud alerts, we propose iBOAT algorithm which is capable of detecting anomalous trajectories "on-the-fly" and identifying which parts of the trajectory are responsible for its anomalousness, by comparing them against historically trajectories having the same origin and destination. 2. To introduce cost-effective and environment-friendly transport services to citizens, we propose B-Planner which is a two-phase approach, to plan bi-directional night bus routes leveraging big taxi GPS data. 3. To offer a personalized, interactive, and traffic-aware trip route planning system to users, we propose TripPlanner system which contains both offline and online procedures, leveraging a combination of Location-based Social Network (i.e. LBSN) and taxi GPS data sets. Finally, some promising research directions for future work are pointed out, which mainly attempt to fuse taxi GPS data with other data sets to provide smarter and personalized urban services for citizens

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:23:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 2353502 bytes, checksum: 4cd3286d3ed811c482ce4c598ee13d15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study has as the main analysis focus the social dynamics of Santa Cruz do Aracati village, Siará Grande captaincy, during the production and commercialization of jerked meat in the XVIII century. We perform a conjunctural examination of the captaincies hinterlands situated on the north of Brazil State, working with the conquest basis: the conjuncture on Pernambuco captaincy in the XVII century second half, the land distribution and the pastoral activity. Being the jerked meat a fundamental product in matters of internal supply and, during a lot of time, essential to maintain the dynamics of locals and regionals routes, we investigate how this gender production and commercialization had established in the Aracati village and, mainly, how it projected itself as an important hinterland s port in the north captaincies. We still analyze the violence cases, crimes, murders and thefts occured in the village mainly during the called meats age , besides of trying to investigate how the free workers and slaves organize themselves in the jerked meat manufacture process. And, at last, we scrutinize the commercial dynamics of the village, trying to recompose the mercantile routes and connections developed in the XVIII century second half, also paying attention to the jerked meat consumption on the Portuguese America subject. / Este estudo tem como principal objeto de análise a dinâmica social da vila de Santa Cruz do Aracati, capitania do Siará Grande, durante a produção e o comércio das carnes secas no século XVIII. Empreendemos uma análise conjuntural da colonização dos sertões das capitanias do norte do Estado do Brasil, trabalhando com as bases da conquista: a conjuntura na capitania de Pernambuco na segunda metade do século XVII, a distribuição de terras e a atividade pastoril. Sendo a carne seca um produto fundamental na questão do abastecimento interno e, durante muito tempo, essencial na manutenção das dinâmicas de circuitos regionais e locais, investigamos como se estabeleceu a produção e o comércio do gênero na vila do Aracati e, principalmente, como esta se projetou como um importante porto do sertão nas capitanias do norte. Analisamos ainda os casos de violência, crimes, assassinatos e roubos ocorridos na vila principalmente no chamado tempo das carnes , além de tentar investigar como se organizavam os trabalhadores livres e escravos no processo de feitura das carnes secas. E, por fim, perscrutamos a dinâmica comercial da vila, tentando recompor os circuitos e conexões mercantis tecidos na segunda metade do século XVIII, atentando também para a questão do consumo das carnes secas na América Portuguesa.

This work exposes the outcomes obtained from the research performed in the urban context ambit that focus on Urban Archaeology as a support to understand the city of Laranjeiras, Sergipe. The city here is understood from the construction of modernity based in the practices and social behavior resulting from the adoption of the bourgeois way of life. The purpose is to draw a historical-urban panorama of Laranjeiras of the nineteenth century and analyze their dynamics, under the hypothesis the local construction of modernity from representations and practices politics, economic and social of its population. Therefore, I approached about the historical site “The Ruins of the Theatre”, this local was the stage for many activities that constituted its palimpsests. The methodology applied is solidified on the theoretical reference of Urban Archaeology to interpret and contextualize the history of the building and, thereby, identify the evolution of the city of Laranjeiras and its urban development. The results allowed to build the concept of modernity from the particularities of the landed elite, of German immigrants, free workers and the large number of slaves, social agents responsible for building, spread and consolidation of ideas of modernity that desolated the Brazil at the turn of XIX century. / Este trabalho expõe os resultados da pesquisa efetivada no âmbito da Arqueologia Urbana como aporte para interpretar a cidade de Laranjeiras/SE. A cidade aqui é entendida a partir da construção de modernidade consubstanciada nas práticas e comportamentos sociais resultantes da adoção do modo de vida burguês. O objetivo é traçar um panorama histórico-urbano da Laranjeiras Oitocentista e analisar a sua dinâmica, tendo como hipótese a construção local da modernidade a partir de representações e práticas políticas, econômicas e sociais de sua população. Para tanto, abordei o sítio histórico “Ruínas do Teatro”, palco de várias atividades, que constituíram os seus palimpsestos. A metodologia aplicada esta solidificada no referencial teórico da Arqueologia Urbana para interpretar a história do edifício e assim, identificar o desenvolvimento urbano da cidade de Laranjeiras. Os resultados permitiram construir a concepção de modernidade a partir das particularidades da elite agrária, de imigrantes germânicos, dos trabalhadores livres e do grande contingente de escravos, agentes sociais responsáveis pela construção, propagação e consolidação das ideias de modernidade que afetaram o Brasil na virada do século XIX.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:33:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra Cordeiro Molina.pdf: 1102644 bytes, checksum: 0cac7fca36eb77ab62fda91b88f7c7d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-10 / What here is studied is the way policies are being operationalized to promote racial equality in Brazil, considering their relationship with the concepts of democracy and citizenship, recently experienced in face of the valorization of contemporary social movements context, through which are conquered a large scale of claiming, embracing many sectors of the individual and common life. It is interesting to understand how the Brazilian State, inserted in the capitalist coherence, has treated the promotion of racial equality, analyzing with focus on the Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Social - SEPPIR (Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality), of the Federal Government, as well as the policies used for this purpose. The shift in the theoretical basis concearning the racial matter, which led to Brazil s recognition and fight against racism, through Law Institutions that are dynamic and can act as an efficient mechanism of social transformation, must be highlighted. In this matter, it is important to stand out that the brazilians (both government and civil society), started to debate more oftenly about the national racial issue, showing that there must be a larger action from society in this process, that aims the eradication of racial and social differences. It is also interesting to highlight the importance of the African-American movement in the transformation of the so far existing social structures and institutions. Through out this paper it is intended, besides producing a theoretical study on the ethno-racial matter and it s importance regarding State s policies, to bring some elements that may contribute to the discussion about Brazilian racism, pointing out the exclusion of the african-american. We also intend to announce and explore new ways to demand compliance with state statutory rights provided for making use of innovative legal instruments. / O que se estuda aqui é a forma como vem sendo operacionalizadas as políticas de promoção da igualdade racial no Brasil, considerando-se sua articulação com os conceitos de democracia e cidadania recentemente experimentados diante do contexto de valorização dos movimentos sociais contemporâneos que, por sua atuação, acabaram conquistando uma gama variada de reivindicações, abrangendo diversos setores da vida individual e coletiva. Interessa entender, portanto, como o Estado brasileiro, inserido na lógica capitalista, vem tratando a promoção da igualdade racial, tendo como foco de análise a Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Social (SEPPIR) do governo federal, bem como as políticas por ela utilizadas para tal fim. Assim, será destacada a mudança no eixo teórico acerca da questão racial, fazendo com que o Brasil passasse a reconhecer o racismo e a combatê-lo através das instituições de Direito que são dinâmicas e podem atuar como eficiente mecanismo de transformação social. Neste quesito, é importante frisar que os brasileiros, governo e sociedade civil (merecendo destaque o movimento negro), passaram a debater com mais frequência a questão racial nacional, demonstrando que deve haver uma atuação ainda maior da população brasileira no processo que tem por fim a erradicação das diferenças sociais oriundas da raça. Ao longo deste trabalho, o que se pretende, portanto, além de realizar um estudo teórico sobre a questão étnico-racial e sua importância nas políticas de Estado, é também trazer elementos que contribuam para a discussão sobre o racismo brasileiro, evidenciando a exclusão suportada pelos negros com vistas a extirpá-la da sociedade brasileira.

L’humanité fait l’expérience d’une période de crise systémique. En effet, la crise sanitaire du printemps 2020 soulève beaucoup d’incertitude dans la conduite à projet et remet en question les paradigmes existants. Pour répondre à ce contexte de crise, de nouvelles postures et pratiques sont nécessaires dans tous les domaines tels que le design. Dans l’optique d’explorer les dynamiques de réponse en contexte de crise, la réflexion porte sur le rôle du design dans la conduite à projet en de telles circonstances. La compétence du design mise de l’avant est la compétence de pouvoir agir/réagir à tout évènement, nouvelle situation lors de la réalisation d’un projet en contexte de crise La question à laquelle la présente recherche se propose de répondre est la suivante : « Comment et à quel niveau est-ce que le design intervient dans la conduite à projet en contexte de crise ? ». Pour répondre à cette question, le cadre théorique s’appuie sur les notions de design stratégique, de la conduite à projet et des dynamiques sociales de la collaboration et de la confiance. L’objectif principal de la recherche est d’identifier et de comprendre la compétence du design dynamisant la conduite d’un projet en contexte de crise et les pratiques associées. La présente recherche propose de répondre à cette question avec une approche méthodologique de l’étude du transitoire. L’approche méthodologique vise à observer, par l’entremise d’entretiens semi-dirigés et des observations participantes, la conduite du projet Visières. Le projet Visières est une réponse à la pénurie de visières médicales vécues lors de la crise du printemps 2020. Le parcours du projet et son évolution à la suite des différents problèmes rencontrés agissent à titre de vitrine sur le rôle du design dans la conduite à projet en contexte de crise. Les résultats de la présente recherche sur la compétence d’action et de réaction du design en contexte de crise avancent que la pratique de design du bricolage est la plus adaptée à la conduite à projet en temps de crise. De plus, pour favoriser le succès de la conduite à projet, la pratique du bricolage s’insère dans un cadre organisationnel agile et une conduite agile du projet. / Humanity is experiencing a period of systemic crisis. The crisis of spring 2020 revealed many disfunctions and established a climat of uncertainty over different sector of activity. To respond to this climat of crisis, new postures and practices are required; and design is no exception. In order to explore the dynamics of response to a crisis and the role of design, this research project is investigating the role of design in the conduct of project in a context of crisis. The key ability of design to act and react to any events, situations, actions that emerges during the conduct of a project in a time of crisis. This research is looking into answering the question: “How does design dynamize the conduct of project in a context of crisis and at which level?” In order to answer this question, theories of strategic design, project management and the dynamics of trust and cooperation are presented. The main objective of this research is to identify and understand the competency of design intervenes the conduct of project and the associated practices. This research looks to answer those questions through the case study of a crisis. Interviews and observations were conducted through the participation in the project Visières. The project Visières is a self-organizing response to the shortage of protective medical visor during the spring crisis of 2020. The course and the evolution of the project act as a showcase of the role of design in the conduct of project in times of crisis. The strategic design perspective is used to explore the position of design and its competency of adaptation as a key actor in societal transformation and emergency relief. The results of this research on the specific competency of design to act and react to events of a project promotes that the design practice of « bricolage » is the most suited to conduct a project in a context of crisis. Also, to support the success of the project, the practice of « bricolage » requires an agile environment, an agile organization and agile organizational practices.