Health, and the way people have chosen to live their lives, is very much focused on in our society today. This caught my interest to study media´s influence on our lifestyle. Media has a very influential position when it comes to people’s attitudes and knowledge regarding health and lifestyle. My purpose with this essay is to gain an understanding of the way media´s reports about lifestyle affects people and also to find out if media in any way motivates people to make changes to their lifestyle. My research questions are as follows; How does the media influence people´s lifestyle? What is the role of the media in terms of lifestyle choices? It is a qualitative study and I have chosen to conduct interviews to collect my empirical data. I have interviewed the group of people who regularly exercises at a gym because they have chosen a so-called healthy lifestyle. I have also sought out people in two age groups in order to compare media’s influence between the two groups. The result shows that media affects people in different ways depending on their basic values and opinions. I also came to the conclusion that the primary source of information ,when it comes to lifestyle, is the media and those who are 20-30 years are affected more than 50 to 60 – year olds. / <p>Validerat; 20130710 (global_studentproject_submitter)</p>

<p>Validerat; 20101217 (root)</p>

<p>Validerat; 20110112 (anonymous)</p>

The numbers of unaccompanied children / young people who comes to Sweden to seek asylum has markedly increased. Migration Board forecasts point not either on that the growth will halt. When the unaccompanied children comes to Sweden they often have separate traumatic events in their luggage but previous studies from children in conflict countries shows that there are conditions in the destination country that will affect them in the long run. Therefore, a good establishment in the society of great significance for the unaccompanied children / young people's future. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that may be contributing to a positive presence in the community. The study is based on two focus where one is on the staff at shelters for unaccompanied children / young people working with children / young people's presence in the community. The second is directed against the unaccompanied children / young people's own experiences of meeting with Swedish society, based on the capabilities and limitations of their establishment. Interviews were conducted with staff working on hvb - lodging for unaccompanied children / young people and the children / young people living on the premises. Currently 13 of 14 municipalities in Norrbotten accept unaccompanied children / adolescents. Of the 13 municipalities which currently conducts accommodations for unaccompanied children / adolescents were Boden, Kiruna, Övertorneå and Arjeplog. Municipalities were selected by its regional spread to thus create a relatively reliable and presentable picture of Norrbotten. Results are based partly on the interviews but also from the relevant literature. In the interviews with young people reveals that they are relatively satisfied and happy with their lives in Sweden. Most of them have an active outdoor life and lots of friends. It was stated, however, that it lacked venues where people could meet and connect with Swedish adolescents as school situation was perceived as very segregated. To get in touch with Swedish adolescents perceived as important both for a faster learning of the language, but also to gain more contacts whatsoever. In the interviews with residential staff, it is clear that they considered the most important work was to try to get young people in society, but they saw some limitations. Even the staff points at the importance of more integrated schools and other venues where Swedish adolescents and young people from other nationalities can meet. / <p>Validerat; 20130618 (global_studentproject_submitter)</p>

<p>Recent observations illustrate fruit fly larval attraction to the distinct odour emanating from food occupied by other larvae. Growing evidence of bacteria as influential microorganisms of hosts suggested the closer examination of host-microbial interactions. We investigated the origin of the volatiles that are attractive to flies. Focal larvae showed no difference in attraction to axenic used food with axenic larvae and axenic fresh food. Additionally, mated females showed no difference in attraction to axenic used food with axenic larvae and axenic fresh food. When we supplemented the axenic disks with <em>L. brevis</em>, larvae showed a significant preference for the axenic used food with axenic larvae and <em>L. brevis </em>over axenic fresh food. Also, the supplementation of <em>L. plantarum</em> to axenic disks also resulted in larvae showing a significant preference for the axenic used food with axenic larvae and <em>L. plantarum </em>over axenic fresh food. Focal larvae showed a significant preference for <em>L. brevis</em> on scratched MRS agar and axenic used food with axenic larvae, but did not show a significant preference for <em>L. brevis</em> on scratched axenic food. In a learning experiment, focal larvae showed no preference for novel odours previously paired with standard used food over novel odours previously paired with axenic used food. In order to test whether <em>L. brevis</em> improves food quality, the three fitness parameters observed, larval development rate, egg-to-adult survival, and adult body mass, revealed inexplicable findings. These results provide evidence for the role of bacterial volatiles in mediating the social attraction observed in fruit flies.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

<p>Validerat; 20121113 (dagr)</p>

The study of social evolution and virulence in parasites is concerned with fitness consequences of trade-offs between parasite life history traits and interactions between parasite species and/or genotypes with their hosts. I develop our understanding of social evolution and virulence in parasites in several ways. (1) I review empirical evidence for the fundamental predictions of virulence-transmission trade-off theory and demonstrate that the fit between theory and data is primarily qualitative rather than quantitative; that parasites differ in their degree of host generalism, and this is likely to impact virulence in four ways. (2) I take a comparative approach to examine the underlying causes of an observed statistical variation in the size of parasite infectious doses across taxa, revealing that mechanisms used by parasites to infect hosts are able to explain variation in both infectious dose and virulence. (3) I formally compare data on human pathogens to explain variation in virulence across taxa, revealing that immune subversion and not growth rate, explains variation in virulence. This allows me to predict that immune subverters and not fast growing parasites are likely to cause the most virulent clinical infections. (4) Using bacteria and their naturally infecting viruses (bacteriophage), I take an experimental approach to investigate the consequences of coinfection for parasite life history traits, and find that viruses cultured under a mix of single infections and coinfections evolved plasticity; they killed hosts more rapidly when coinfecting, and this resulted in high fitness under both single infection and coinfection conditions. (5) I experimentally investigate how selection within and between hosts and patches of hosts affects the fitness and virulence of populations of these viruses. I find that limited host availability favours virulent, faster killing parasites with reduced transmission; suggesting high, rather than low, virulence may be common in spatially structured host-parasite communities.

Critics of anti-social behaviour policy (ASB) introduced by New Labour Government since 1997 argue that it is overly punitive, and criminalises what is often sub-criminal or nuisance behaviour. Further criticism is that policy implementation through formal channels has led to the public increasingly relying on formal agencies in the governance of ASB, and becoming less willing to play an active role. The catalyst for my research was two Community Safety Teams aim to reverse this trend. I have developed an innovative approach in the form of a booklet (Let s Talk) based on the under-researched Imagined Intergroup Contact model associated with the Intergroup Contact Theory which underpins Intergenerational Practice. My thesis centres on the piloting of the booklet in two regions in England, and the proposition that Intergenerational approaches can be a useful way of understanding and addressing tensions associated with perceived anti-social behaviour by young people . Drawing broadly on a social constructionist paradigm (Burr, 1995), and using an inductive case study approach, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected via various research tools. The sample included local residents, representatives of community organisations and the Community Safety Teams (CST). Data were coded and analysed using NVivo and SPSS. Theoretical data analysis was underpinned by the Integrated Threat Theory and the Social Cognitive Theory. Compared with other theories associated with Intergenerational Practice, the Integrated Threat Theory gave a more comprehensive explanation for intergenerational tensions. SCT gave new insights into the concept of agency in relation to the governance of ASB. My research identified anti-social behaviour that the CSTs felt did not warrant formal intervention, and the booklet received enthusiastic support from all parties consulted as an alternative, community-based approach. Reasons for a few individuals not wanting to adopt the booklet approach were identified; these included personal factors and social dynamics. My findings provided important knowledge for the future development and use of the booklet. This thesis makes a significant contribution to knowledge. Firstly, it extends the theoretical explanation of intergenerational tensions, and adds insights into the concept of governance and the theoretical underpinnings of Intergenerational Practice. Secondly, it advances implications for practice in relation to fully exploring social dynamics other than intergenerational issues, taking account of potential multigenerational factors, and being aware that preparatory activities to strengthen selfefficacy may be required.

The purpose of this paper was to explore how children may perceive sound effects in the specially written radio saga made for this paper Ninjas Detektivbyrå (Ninja’s Detective firm). If sound effects in any way can contribute to children perceiving more details, if specific sound effects may bestow in creating a more monogamous distinction of signs and whether the dramaturgical structure possibly can become clearer when combining dialog with sound effects. The study was made possible with the help of two groups of children whom each listened to a version of the stimulus material, one with sound effects and the other one without sound effects, and by qualitative interviews relaying on theories regarding communication, classical dramaturgy and research on how sound effects impact on audience. This paper shows that the participants who were exposed to sound effects may have been more keen to perceiving details, understood signs more distinctly and could account for greater parts of the story in comparison to participants from the group that weren’t exposed to sound effects. / <p>Validerat; 20150630 (global_studentproject_submitter)</p>

Validerat; 20101217 (root)