Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / Burns are a major problem in Low-Income Countries (LIC) and Low-Middle Income Countries (LMIC). Children in LIC have been identified as a burn injury at-risk group. Individuals experience severe psychological and physical distress as a result of burn injuries. However, burns are a systemic problem and their impact is not limited to the individual but impacts the family system as a whole. Therefore, effective post burn interventions for families of child burn survivors are key in order to assist the child burn survivor’s well-being and recovery. The present study hopes to 1) address some of the gaps in knowledge in burn interventions for families of child burn survivors and 2) identify promising psychosocial interventions. A systematic review of literature was conducted that focused on identifying burn interventions for families of child burn survivors. These interventions were evaluated in order to establish which interventions showed promise. This systematic review was conducted following the guidelines of the PRISMA Statement for Systematic Reviews. An integrated quantitative and qualitative appraisal tool was used to review the identified studies. All the available English-medium literature between 1990 and 2019 was reviewed for this study. A literature search was performed in EBSCOhost, Academic Search Complete, PsychArticles, CINAHL plus, Medline, ERIC, SocIndex and Health Source: Nursing/Academic edition. Five studies were identified which included psychosocial interventions for families of child burn survivors. Of these studies only two were of quantitative nature and indicated sufficient evidence with regards to outcomes and efficacy. Three studies were of qualitative nature and indicated subjective evaluation measures to assess efficacy. Interventions identified included a family burns camp, a support group for parents, a support website, a parent participation program during acute paediatric burns management, and a teaching manual. All five studies indicated a degree of efficacy however, support groups in conjunction with psycho-education groups with systemic focus appeared to show the most promise. It is recommended that researchers focus on using quantitative measures in future intervention studies to assist in measuring efficacy. Furthermore, context specific interventions for LIC should be considered.

Det finns begränsat med forskning kring hur biståndshandläggare inom äldreomsorgen arbetar med ensamhet hos äldre personer. Med anledning av detta är studiens huvudsakliga syfte att undersöka hur biståndshandläggare i Dalarnas kommuner arbetar med att utreda sociala behov till följd av ensamhet hos äldre personer samt att ta reda på vilka kommunala sociala insatser som erbjuds för dessa individer och på vilka grunder. Studien är genomförd utifrån en kvantitativ ansats, där vi har använt oss av en enkät, som innehåller frågor som avser att besvara syftet. Tolkningsramen för analysen av det empiriska materialet utgörs av Lipskys teori om gräsrotsbyråkrati. Studiens resultat visar att det finns behov av att både utöka och utveckla kommunernas utbud av sociala insatser för äldre personer samt att utveckla rutiner för hur man ska arbeta med ensamhet hos äldre personer. Studien påvisar ett behov av mer forskning, både internationell och nationell, kring hur biståndshandläggare arbetar med att identifiera ensamhet hos äldre personer. / There is limited research on how care administrators in elderly care work with loneliness among older people. For this reason, the study's main purpose is to examine how care administrators in Dalecarlian counties are working to investigate the social needs as a result of loneliness among older people and to find out which municipal-based social interventions that are offered for these individuals and on what grounds. The study was conducted based on a quantitative approach, were we have used a questionnaire that includes questions designed to answer the study’s purpose. Interpretative framework for the analysis of the empirical material consists of Lipsky 's theory of street-level bureaucracy. The study’s results show that there is a need to both expand and develop the municipal-based social interventions for the elderly and to develop procedures on how to work with loneliness among older people. The study demonstrates a need for more research, both international and national, about how care administrators are working to identify loneliness among older people.

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em criar uma matriz metodológica para a avaliação de intervenções sociais com base na ideia de justiça de Amartya Sen. Para isto, primeiramente discute-se as relações entre o desenvolvimento, a justiça e a avaliação. Desta forma, ao colocar a justiça como princípio ético norteador do desenvolvimento da metodologia proposta, a segunda parte do trabalho foca na discussão das distintas noções de justiça de onde derivam-se os critérios normativos da justiça. Na parte seguinte, estes critérios são traduzidos em instrumentos epistemológicos e metológicos necessários à matriz avaliativa. A partir da compreensão dos aspectos substantivos e instrumentais da justiça tem-se a ideia de justiça na qual o foco é a vida e liberdade humana de forma imparcial, racional e objetiva levando em consideração as injustiças presentes com seus respectivos comportamentos humanos reais e instituições existentes, ou seja, realizações efetivas. Tendo em vista esta visão de justiça são analisados os principais tipos de avaliação e construídas as diretrizes para uma avaliação de intervenções sociais baseada em critérios de justiça. / The objective of this study is to provide a methodological framework for the evaluation of social interventions based on the idea of justice of Amartya Sen. For this, we first discuss the relations between development, justice, and evaluation. Thus, placing justice as a guiding ethical principle of the development of the proposed methodology, the second part of the work focuses on the discussion of the different notions of justice from which derive the normative criteria of justice. In the following part, these criteria are translated into epistemological methodological and evaluative tools needed to evaluation matrix. From the understanding of substantive and instrumental aspects of justice we have a notion of justice which the focus is on human life and freedom in an impartial, rational and objective way, considering the injustices present with their respective real human behaviors and existing institutions, ie actual social realizations. Given this view of justice it is analysed the main types of evaluation methods and it is constructed guidelines for the evaluation of social interventions based on criteria of justice.

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em criar uma matriz metodológica para a avaliação de intervenções sociais com base na ideia de justiça de Amartya Sen. Para isto, primeiramente discute-se as relações entre o desenvolvimento, a justiça e a avaliação. Desta forma, ao colocar a justiça como princípio ético norteador do desenvolvimento da metodologia proposta, a segunda parte do trabalho foca na discussão das distintas noções de justiça de onde derivam-se os critérios normativos da justiça. Na parte seguinte, estes critérios são traduzidos em instrumentos epistemológicos e metológicos necessários à matriz avaliativa. A partir da compreensão dos aspectos substantivos e instrumentais da justiça tem-se a ideia de justiça na qual o foco é a vida e liberdade humana de forma imparcial, racional e objetiva levando em consideração as injustiças presentes com seus respectivos comportamentos humanos reais e instituições existentes, ou seja, realizações efetivas. Tendo em vista esta visão de justiça são analisados os principais tipos de avaliação e construídas as diretrizes para uma avaliação de intervenções sociais baseada em critérios de justiça. / The objective of this study is to provide a methodological framework for the evaluation of social interventions based on the idea of justice of Amartya Sen. For this, we first discuss the relations between development, justice, and evaluation. Thus, placing justice as a guiding ethical principle of the development of the proposed methodology, the second part of the work focuses on the discussion of the different notions of justice from which derive the normative criteria of justice. In the following part, these criteria are translated into epistemological methodological and evaluative tools needed to evaluation matrix. From the understanding of substantive and instrumental aspects of justice we have a notion of justice which the focus is on human life and freedom in an impartial, rational and objective way, considering the injustices present with their respective real human behaviors and existing institutions, ie actual social realizations. Given this view of justice it is analysed the main types of evaluation methods and it is constructed guidelines for the evaluation of social interventions based on criteria of justice.

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em criar uma matriz metodológica para a avaliação de intervenções sociais com base na ideia de justiça de Amartya Sen. Para isto, primeiramente discute-se as relações entre o desenvolvimento, a justiça e a avaliação. Desta forma, ao colocar a justiça como princípio ético norteador do desenvolvimento da metodologia proposta, a segunda parte do trabalho foca na discussão das distintas noções de justiça de onde derivam-se os critérios normativos da justiça. Na parte seguinte, estes critérios são traduzidos em instrumentos epistemológicos e metológicos necessários à matriz avaliativa. A partir da compreensão dos aspectos substantivos e instrumentais da justiça tem-se a ideia de justiça na qual o foco é a vida e liberdade humana de forma imparcial, racional e objetiva levando em consideração as injustiças presentes com seus respectivos comportamentos humanos reais e instituições existentes, ou seja, realizações efetivas. Tendo em vista esta visão de justiça são analisados os principais tipos de avaliação e construídas as diretrizes para uma avaliação de intervenções sociais baseada em critérios de justiça. / The objective of this study is to provide a methodological framework for the evaluation of social interventions based on the idea of justice of Amartya Sen. For this, we first discuss the relations between development, justice, and evaluation. Thus, placing justice as a guiding ethical principle of the development of the proposed methodology, the second part of the work focuses on the discussion of the different notions of justice from which derive the normative criteria of justice. In the following part, these criteria are translated into epistemological methodological and evaluative tools needed to evaluation matrix. From the understanding of substantive and instrumental aspects of justice we have a notion of justice which the focus is on human life and freedom in an impartial, rational and objective way, considering the injustices present with their respective real human behaviors and existing institutions, ie actual social realizations. Given this view of justice it is analysed the main types of evaluation methods and it is constructed guidelines for the evaluation of social interventions based on criteria of justice.

Föreliggande studies syfte var att undersöka biståndsläggarens arbete för att minska ensamhet och social isolering hos äldre personer. En kvalitativ explorativ design användes och materialet till studien samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex biståndshandläggare. Genom en tematisk analys framkom fyra huvudteman: vad är ensamhet och social isolering, identifiering och information, betydelsen av insatser och sociala sammanhang samt biståndshandläggaren och den äldre personen. Sammanfattningsvis beskriver de intervjuade biståndshandläggarna att ensamhet och social isolering kan förebyggas och minskas genom kommunala insatser men att den viktigaste faktorn är närheten till familj och sociala nätverk. Biståndshandläggarna beskriver också att de kan uppleva maktlöshet, både i förhållande till den enskilde och i förhållande till riktlinjer och brist på resurser inom den egna verksamheten. Maktlösheten kopplas i diskussionsavsnittet till Lipskys teori om frontlinjebyråkrater. Trots de utmaningar som finns är biståndshandläggarna överens om att de har en viktig och betydande roll i arbetet för att tillgodose den enskildes behov. / The aim of this study was to investigate the care managers’ work to reduce loneliness and social isolation in older people. A qualitative exploratory design was used and the material for the study was collected through semi-structured interviews with six care managers. Through a thematic analysis, four main themes emerged: "what is loneliness and social isolation", "identification and information", "the importance of activities and the social context" and "the care manager and the older person". In summary, the interviewed care managers describe that loneliness and social isolation can be prevented and reduced through governmental interventions, but the most important factor is proximity to family and social networks. Moreover, the care managers describe that they can experience impotency, both in relation to the individual client and in relation to framework and lack of resources within their own operation. The impotency is discussed in relation to Lipsky's theory of street level bureaucrats. Despite the challenges that exist, the care managers agree on the importance and significance of their role in working to meet the individual’s needs.

HBTQI+-ungdomar är en särskilt utsatt grupp eftersom risken för dem att erfara psykisk ohälsa är utökad. HBTQI+ ungdomar erfar fortfarande osynliggörande, öppen diskriminering, hot om våld och våld på grund av deras HBTQI+-tillhörighet. Välfungerande och gynnsamma sociala insatser och stöd för HBTQI+-ungdomar är därmed nödvändigt. Syftet med denna uppsats var att belysa det internationella forskningsläget om HBTQI+-ungdomars upplevelser av tillgänglighet och kvalitet av HBTQI+-inriktade insatser och stöd inom det sociala arbetet och andra serviceorganisationer. Därigenom går det även att identifiera faktorer som påverkar HBTQI+-ungdomars välmående och psykiska hälsa. För att undersöka syftet valdes litteraturstudie som metod. För att illustrera komplexiteten med faktorer som influerar tillgängligheten och kvaliteten av sociala insatser och stöd användes Ilan H. Meyers minoritetsstressteori och Michael Lipskys teori om gräsrotsbyråkrati vid analys av resultaten. Resultaten visar att mänskliga faktorer som professionellas kompetens och bemötande, samt interpersonella relationer till vårdnadshavare, vänner och professionella har en inverkan på tillgängligheten och kvaliteten på sociala insatser och stöd. Geografiskt avstånd till och lokalisering av insatser och stöd, även tillgången till variation av insatser och stöd var också faktorer som hade en betydande inverkan. Uppsatsen har framförallt redovisat att vårdnadshavares, familjers och vänners inställning till HBTQI+-identiteter har en starkinverkan både på HBTQI+-ungdomars psykiska hälsa och välmående, men likaså på ungdomarnas möjligheter och motivation att använda sociala insatser och stöd. Det redogörs även finns ett behov bland målgruppen för fler organisationer och större variation bland sociala insatser och stöd. / LGBTQI+ youth are a particularly vulnerable group because of their increased risk of experiencing mental illnesses. LGBTQI+ youth still experience erasure, open discrimination, threats of violence and violence because of their LGBTQI+ identities. Consequently, it is necessary that well-functioning and advantageous social interventions and support for LGBTQI+ youth are available. The aim of this study was to highlight the current international research situation on LGBTQI+ youth’s experiences of LGBTQI+-orientedinterventions and support’s accessibility and quality within social work and other service organizations. The aim also enables the possibility to identify factors that affect the wellbeing and mental health of LGBTQI+ youth. The chosen method for this study was a literature review. Ilan H. Meyer’s minority stress theory and Michael Lipsky’s theory about street-level bureaucracy were used when analyzing the study’s results, to illustrate the complexity of factors influencing the availability and quality of social interventions and support. The results display that human factors such as professionals’ competence and demeanor, as well as interpersonal relationships with caregivers, friends and professionals have an impact on the availability and quality of social interventions and support.Geographical distance to and localization of interventions and support, and variation in interventions and support were also factors that had a significant impact. The study has primarily exhibited that the attitudes of caregivers, families and friends towards LGBTQI+ identities have a considerable impact. Both on the mental health and well-being of LGBTQI+ youth, but also on the youths’ opportunities and motivation to use social interventions and support. It is also exhibited that there is a need among the target group for more available organizations and a greater variation in social interventions and support.

This thesis investigates the issue of vulnerable migrant employment and public policies in the Apulia region of southern Italy, with a focus on the EU-funded projects P.I.U. Su.Pr.Eme and Su.Pr.Eme Italia. The study uses a three-step methodology to collect relevant and reliable data, aiming to shed light on the challenges faced by vulnerable migrants and assess the effectiveness of policies. The analytical framework reflects this three-step methodology, using the literature review, the 4Ps framework and the assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation as lens for the analysis. The research highlights the importance of social rights to non-citizens, which can protect human rights and benefit the host society. The analysis shows mixed results regarding the effects of the EU-funded projects on social integration and combatting labour exploitation in the agriculture sector of Apulia, depending on their effective application.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT : In 2010, young people aged 15–24 years accounted for 42% of new HIV infections globally. In 2009, about five million (10%) of the total South African population was estimated to be aged 15–19 years. Current South African national sero-prevalence data estimate the prevalence of HIV to be 5.6% and 0.7% among adolescent girls and boys aged 15–19 years, respectively. HIV infections are mainly transmitted via sexual transmission. Adolescent sexuality is multi-faceted and influenced at multiple levels. In preparing to enroll adolescents in future biomedical HIV prevention trials, particularly prophylactic HIV vaccine trials, it is critical to provide counseling services appropriate to their needs. At the time of writing, there was no developed psychosocial intervention in South Africa for use among adolescent vaccine trial participants. Thus, the aim of the present study is to adapt and pilot-test a psychosocial intervention, namely, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) risk reduction counseling intervention of Project Respect, an intervention tasked at being developmentally and contextually appropriate among potential adolescent participants in HIV biomedical trials in the future. To achieve this overall aim, I qualitatively explored adolescent sexuality and risk factors for HIV among a diverse sample of participants aged 16–18 from Soweto. Thereafter, I developed a composite HIV risk scale in order to measure the variance in HIV risk among the sample of adolescents studied. The study followed a two-phased, mixed method research design and was informed by ecological systems theory and integrative model of behavioral prediction. The aim of Phase 1, split into phases 1a and b, was to conduct focus group discussions (FGDs) and to undertake a cross-sectional survey, respectively, to determine psychological (for example, self-esteem and depression), behavioral (specifically, sexual behavior) and social (specifically, social support, parent-adolescent communication) contexts that placed adolescents at risk for HIV infection. Phase 1a was qualitative, with data collected via nine FGDs: three involved parents of adolescents, four involved adolescents aged 16–18 years and two counselors. Nine key themes related to adolescent sexuality and risks for HIV acquisition were identified, namely: (1) dating during adolescence; (2) adolescent girls dating older men; (3) condom use amongst adolescents; (4) teenage pregnancies; (5) views about homosexuality; (6) parent-adolescent communication about sexual health; (7) the role of the media; (8) discipline and perceived government influence; and (9) group sex events. Phase 1b was quantitative and the data were collected via a cross-sectional survey to investigate the variance of risk for HIV. For Phase 1b, the sample consisted of 506 adolescents with a mean age of 17 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 16–18). More than half the participants were female (59%, n = 298). I used a three-step hierarchical multiple regression model to investigate the variance in risk for HIV. In step 3, the only significant predictors were “ever threatened to have sex” and “ever forced to have sex”, the combination of which explained 14% (R2 = 0.14; F (12, 236) = 3.14, p = 0.00). Depression and parentadolescent communication were added to steps 2 and 3, respectively, with both variables insignificant in these models. In Phase 2, I adapted and pilot tested the CDC risk reduction counseling intervention. The intervention was intended to be developmentally and contextually appropriate among adolescents from Soweto aged 16–18 years, viewed as potential participants in future HIV biomedical trials. Participants in Phase 2 were aged 16–18 years; the sample was mainly female (52%, n = 11) and most (91%, n = 19) were secondary school learners in grades 8 to 12. Participants provided feedback about their experiences of the adapted counseling intervention through in-depth interviews. I identified three main themes in this regard, namely: benefits of HIV testing services, reasons for seeking counseling and HIV testing services, and participants’ evaluation of the study visits and counseling sessions. The adapted CDC risk reduction counseling intervention was found to be acceptable with favorable outcomes for those adolescents who participated in the piloting phase. This study adds to the literature on risks for HIV among adolescents in Soweto, South Africa, by considering multiple levels of influence. Reaching a more complete understanding of ecological factors contributing to sexual risk behaviors among adolescents in the pilot-study enabled the development of a tailored counseling intervention. The findings showed the adapted CDC risk reduction counseling intervention to be feasible and acceptable among adolescents likely to be participants and eligible to participate in future HIV biomedical prevention trials. Thus, this study provides a much needed risk reduction counseling intervention that can be used among adolescents, an age group likely to participate in future HIV vaccine prevention research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : In 2010 het jongmense tussen die ouderdomme van 15 en 24 jaar 42% van nuwe MIV-infeksies wêreldwyd uitgemaak. In 2009 was omtrent 5 miljoen mense (10%) van die Suid-Afrikaanse bevolking tussen 15 en 19 jaar oud. Volgens data oor die huidige Suid-Afrikaanse nasionale sero-voorkoms, word die voorkoms van MIV onderskeidelik op 5.6% en 0.7% onder tienermeisies en -seuns tussen die ouderdomme van 15 tot 19 jaar beraam. MIV-infeksies word hoofsaaklik deur seks oorgedra. Adolessente seksualiteit het baie fasette en word op verskeie vlakke beïnvloed. Ter voorbereiding van die werwing van adolessente vir toekomstige biomediese proewe, veral proewe oor profilaktiese MIVentstowwe, is dit van kritiese belang dat beradingsdienste verskaf word wat geskik is vir hul behoeftes. Op die tydstip wat hierdie tesis geskryf is, het daar nog geen psigososiale intervensie in Suid-Afrika bestaan vir gebruik onder adolessente deelnemers aan entstofproewe nie. Daarom is die doel van hierdie studie om ʼn psigososiale intervensie ‒ die Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) se Projek Respek, ʼn beradingsintervensie vir die vermindering van risiko ‒ aan te pas en met ʼn loodsprojek te toets. Hierdie intervensie is geskik vir die ontwikkelings- en kontekstuele vlak van adolessente deelnemers aan toekomstige MIV- biomediese proewe. Ten einde hierdie oorkoepelende doelwit te bereik, het ek adolessente seksualiteit en die risikofaktore vir MIV onder ʼn diverse steekproef deelnemers tussen die ouderdomme van 16 en 18 jaar van Soweto kwalitatief ondersoek. Daarna het ek ʼn saamgestelde MIV-risikoskaal ontwikkel om die variansie van MIV-risiko onder die groep adolessente te meet. Die studie se navorsingsontwerp het uit twee fases en gemengde metodes bestaan, en is gebaseer op ekologiesestelsel-teorie en die integrerende gedragsvoorspellingsmodel. Die doel van fase 1, wat in fases 1a en 1b verdeel is, was om onderskeidelik fokusgroepbesprekings te hou en om ʼn deursnitopname te doen om die sielkundige kontekste (byvoorbeeld elemente van selfbeeld en depressie), gedragskontekste (spesifiek seksuele gedrag) en sosiale kontekste (spesifiek sosiale ondersteuning en ouer-adolessent-kommunikasie) te bepaal waarin adolessente die risiko loop om MIV-infeksie op te doen. Fase 1a was kwalitatief en data is deur middel van nege fokusgroepbesprekings ingesamel: drie met die ouers van adolessente, vier met adolessente tussen 16 en 18 jaar oud en twee met beraders. Nege sleuteltemas is geïdentifiseer wat verband hou met adolessente seksualiteit en risiko’s om MIV op te doen: (1) verhoudings tydens adolessensie, (2) tienermeisies wat verhoudings met ouer mans het, (3) die gebruik van kondome onder adolessente, (4) tienerswangerskappe, (5) sienings oor homoseksualiteit, (6) ouer-adolessent-kommunikasie oor seksuele gesondheid, (7) die rol van die media, (8) dissipline en die ervaarde regeringsinvloed en (9) groepseksgeleenthede. Fase 1b was kwantitatief en data is deur middel van ’n deursnitopname ingesamel om die variansie van risiko vir MIV te ondersoek. Vir Fase 1b het die steekproef bestaan uit 506 adolessente met ’n gemiddelde ouderdom van 17 jaar (interkwartielwydte [IKW]: 16–18). Meer as die helfte van die deelnemers was vroulik (59%, n = 298). Ek het ’n hiërargiese meervoudige regressiemodel met drie stappe gebruik om die variansie van risiko vir MIV te ondersoek. Die enigste beduidende voorspellers in stap 3 was “ooit gedreig om seks te hê” en “ooit geforseer om seks te hê”. Die kombinasie hiervan het 14% (R2 = 0.14; F (12, 236) = 3.14, p = 0.00) verklaar. Depressie en oueradolessent- kommunikasie is onderskeidelik in stappe 2 en 3 bygevoeg, en albei veranderlikes was onbeduidend in hierdie modelle. In Fase 2 het ek die CDC se intervensie vir die verlaging van risiko aangepas en met ’n loodsprojek getoets. Die intervensie was bedoel om geskik te wees vir die ontwikkelings- en kontekstuele vlakke van 16- tot 18-jarige adolessente van Soweto wat beskou is as potensiële deelnemers aan toekomstige MIV- biomediese proewe. Deelnemers in Fase 2 was 16 tot 18 jaar oud, die steekproef was hoofsaaklik vroulik (52%, n = 11) en die meeste van die deelnemers (91%, n = 19) was in grade 8 tot 12 op hoërskool. Deelnemers het tydens indringende onderhoude terugvoering oor hulle ervarings van die aangepaste beradingsintervensie verskaf. Ek het drie hooftemas in hierdie verband geïdentifiseer, wat die volgende insluit: voordele van MIV-toetsingsdienste, redes waarom berading en MIV-toetsingsdienste verlang word, en die deelnemers se evaluering van die studiebesoeke en beradingsessies. Daar is bevind dat die aangepaste beradingsintervensie van die CDC aanvaarbaar was en gunstige uitkomste gelewer het vir die adolessente wat aan die loodsfase deelgeneem het. Hierdie studie dra by tot die literatuur oor MIV-risiko’s vir adolessente in Soweto, Suid-Afrika, deur meervoudige invloedsvlakke te oorweeg. Die feit dat ’n meer volledige begrip tydens die loodsondersoek verkry is van die interaksie van die ekologiese faktore wat tot seksuele risikogedrag onder adolessente bydra, het die ontwikkeling van ʼn doelgemaakte intervensie deur berading moontlik gemaak. Die bevindings het getoon dat die aangepaste beradingsintervensie van die CDC lewensvatbaar en aanvaarbaar is vir gebruik onder adolessente wat waarskynlik geskikte deelnemers aan toekomstige biomediese proewe oor MIV-voorkoming kan wees. Hierdie studie verskaf dus ʼn noodsaaklike beradingsintervensie om die MIV-risiko onder adolessente ‒ ʼn ouderdomsgroep wat waarskynlik aan toekomstige biomediese navorsing oor MIV-voorkoming sal deelneem ‒ te verminder.

Ce mémoire s’intéresse aux expériences de femmes en processus de sortie de la prostitution. Il vise à comprendre les obstacles auxquels ces femmes sont confrontées pour pouvoir bénéficier d’interventions sociales accessibles et facilitant leur sortie de la prostitution. Cette recherche qualitative prend appui sur 11 entretiens individuels réalisés auprès de femmes âgées de 26 à 55 ans et habitant Montréal, les Laurentides et l’Abitibi. Bien que nombre de femmes aux prises avec la prostitution souhaitent en sortir, on compte peu d’interventions sociales pour les aider en ce sens. Les services publics sont largement insuffisants à la fois du point de vue de leur accessibilité et de leur réponse aux besoins de ces femmes. Peu d’études s’intéressent aux services d’aide à la sortie de la prostitution, notamment au Québec. Ce mémoire privilégie une perspective féministe abolitionniste et un cadre épistémologique de la théorie standpoint. Les résultats mettent en lumière les obstacles à l’accessibilité des interventions sociales, dont le cloisonnement des services et le refus manifeste d’offrir de l’aide aux femmes. Cette recherche rend compte également de l’expérience de pratiques d’intervention entravant le processus de sortie : 1) les pratiques punitives, 2) celles proposant une aide limitée aux femmes ou 3) leur adaptation à la prostitution. La conclusion de ce mémoire propose la mise en œuvre de pratiques sociales novatrices qui prennent en compte les contraintes sociales qui mènent les femmes à l’industrie du sexe et les y maintiennent ainsi que les conséquences de l’expérience même de la prostitution sur elles. / This thesis focuses on the experiences of women in the process of leaving prostitution. It aims to understand the barriers these women face in order to receive social interventions that are accessible and that facilitate their exit from prostitution. This qualitative research builds on 11 individual interviews with women aged between 26 and 55 years and living in Montreal, the Laurentians and Abitibi. Although many women in prostitution want to exit, there are few social interventions to help them in this regard. Public services are largely inadequate both regarding their accessibility and their response to the needs of these women. Few studies have focused on support services to facilitate exiting prostitution, especially in Quebec. This thesis is anchored in a feminist abolitionist perspective with standpoint theory as the epistemological framework. The results highlight the barriers to accessibility of services including compartmentalisation of services and a manifest refusal to provide social support interventions for women. This study also gives an account of the experience of interventions that hinder the exiting process: 1) punitive practices, 2) those providing limited assistance to women or 3) their adaptation to prostitution. The conclusion proposes the implementation of innovative social practices that take into account the social constraints that lead women into the sex industry and keep them there as well as the consequences of the very experience of prostitution on them.