Volunteering is a phenomenon that appeals to researchers, representatives of international institutions and governments in some countries, as a tool of social policy. Current research shows positive benefits of volunteering for the society but also for volunteers themselves. In this context, a new phenomenon, called inclusive volunteering, is emerging, which emphasizes that volunteering is open to all people in the society. At present, however, this phenomenon is not fully elucidated and researches that examine volunteering from the point of view of volunteers themselves, when considering inklusive volunteering, are very rare. The presented work aims to fill in the missing knowledge and thus contribute to the recognition of the phenomenon of volunteering through research of the previously very little known group of volunteers with a disability. The research sample consists of 27 volunteers with a disability who were interviewed. The interviews were analysed by the Strauss and Corbin's theory. The research has revealed that volunteers with a disability are experiencing a lack of social participation due to the absence of a socially valuable social role. The absence of a social role encourages the search for a new socially valuable social role that the volunteers with a disability find in...

Background: In recent decades about as many women as men have been recruited to the auditing industry. On the other hand, it seems difficult for women to reach higher positions and they are underrepresented in certain ways. Due to the importance of the social dynamics, one could argue that a need to investigate which roles women receive in the firms and why from a visionary perspective.  Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the development of the construction of women’s roles in auditing firm's financial reports.  Method:  The method that we used in this thesis is both qualitative and quantitative methods as we found it to be most appropriate for the study. Also, an abductive research approach that uses a string of previous theories within visual accounting to form a theoretical framework of roles assigned to women in auditing is used. Moreover, this was later used to code and analyze the images found in annual reports in order to be able to answer our research question, and purpose of the study. Findings: Because of institutional events that hinders women from advancing in their career as well as male-dominated hierarchy the major finding of this thesis demonstrates that women are undervalued in several roles. The consistent high role development in subordinate versus the lack of presence in leadership role as the major finding. Moreover, the symbolic role development reinforces expression of inclusivity that women carry in the organization, while other role development were volatile.

This thesis examines representations of masculinity in the following Egyptian movies: El Badla (2018), Welad Rizk 2 (2019) and Taymour w Shafika (2007). Each movie is from a different genre to further explore how this may influence the constructed representation of masculinity. The genres are comedy, action and romance. Additionally, both El Badla and Welad Rizk 2 are among the top ten highest grossing movies in the history of Egyptian cinema. Whilst Taymour w Shafika is considered one of the most iconic romance movies in its era. Thus, it is inevitable that all these movies have been watched (and will be watched) by a large audience, hence it is crucial to study the constructed values within them as arguably they influence the society. The thesis studies Egyptian masculinity using two different methods: film analysis and interviews with Egyptian men. The main theories this paper applies are: active audience encoding/decoding theory, social role theory and social identity and self- categorization theories. All three movies were found to represent masculinity through traditional traits e.g. emotionless, family provider. Egyptian men reflected on some of the scenes and had varied perspectives on the matter. Men who did not agree with certain values in those representations did mention that they still have to follow them as it is the way they have been brought up. The results of this study cannot be generalized but it is a step forward in the research on representation of masculinities in Egyptian cinema, which is extremely under researched in comparison to the size of the film industry in Egypt.

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The problem of this investigation was an analysis of selected variables that affected woman's role-concept. Specifically this research was concerned with how a woman's role-concept was influenced by education. This research concluded that the level of education influenced role-concept. Respondents with more than a high school education were very contemporary. Other variable such as marital status, age, parental views, ethnic group, and major seemed to have little effect on role-concept. All groups surveyed were more contemporary than traditional. Further research to determine if all women are becoming contemporary would be meaningful.

The Master's thesis Network analysis of the self-presentation of users on the social media platform Facebook.com focuses on the different ways of self-presentation and behavior of the users on the Facebook.com. The central theme of the thesis is the analysis of the self- presentation tools used by users to construct their virtual identities. In the theoretical part there are explained concepts of identity, self-presentation, social role and social network. The emphasis is also put on the dramaturgical concept of Erving Goffman, which is also the basic theory for this empirical research. The aim of this research is to find out whether there is a difference between the so-called virtual and real user identity and to point out the existence of the so-called ideal self. The research consists of two parts and combines two research methods. In the first part of the research, there are analysed all the data obtained by qualitative in-depth interview. This data is then used in the following network analysis of the content of their Facebook profiles. This network analysis is the main outcome of this thesis. In the conclusion, the findings obtained during the research are presented and at the same time they are compared with previous researches dealing with this topic.

Esta tese mostra como os principais sujeitos participantes do contrato de comunicação jornalístico (veículos, jornalistas e leitores) percebem as finalidades do jornalismo. A metodologia utilizada é a Análise de Discurso. Os veículos selecionados são Folha de S.Paulo, O Globo e O Estado de S. Paulo, os três maiores jornais de referência brasileiros, cujo discurso foi mapeado em 38 documentos institucionais (princípios editoriais, manuais de redação, códigos de ética, editoriais). O discurso de 85 jornalistas brasileiros foi analisado em 40 documentos (biografias, livros, documentários, trabalhos acadêmicos e entrevistas). O discurso de 250 leitores foi encontrado em 279 comentários postados em sites dos jornais Folha de S.Paulo, O Globo e O Estado de S. Paulo e nas páginas desses jornais no Facebook. A tese chegou a dois tipos de resultados. Um, de caráter empírico, deriva da análise do material discursivo dos três sujeitos: o que veículos, jornalistas e leitores dizem sobre as finalidades do jornalismo. No discurso dos sujeitos, estão presentes as seguintes finalidades do jornalismo: a) fiscalizar o poder e fortalecer a democracia; b) informar; c) esclarecer o cidadão e apresentar a pluralidade da sociedade; d) verificar a veracidade das informações; e) selecionar o que é relevante; f) investigar; g) registrar história e construir memória; h) interpretar e analisar a realidade; i) defender o cidadão; j) fazer a mediação entre os fatos e o leitor; k) integrar e mobilizar as pessoas; l) divertir (finalidade só considerada por veículos e jornalistas, não por leitores). A tese traz diversas conclusões sobre como cada sujeito compreende essas funções. Outro resultado, de caráter teórico, se desdobra em dois: o primeiro é a elaboração de um quadro com a síntese das finalidades do jornalismo segundo os autores consultados; o segundo é a formulação de uma proposta das finalidades do jornalismo. Cheguei a uma proposta de que o jornalismo tem 12 finalidades a cumprir: a) informar de modo qualificado; b) investigar; c) verificar a veracidade das informações; d) interpretar e analisar a realidade; e) fazer a mediação entre os fatos e o leitor; f) selecionar o que é relevante; g) registrar a história e construir memória; h) ajudar a entender o mundo contemporâneo; i) integrar e mobilizar as pessoas; j) defender o cidadão; k) fiscalizar o poder e fortalecer a democracia; l) esclarecer o cidadão e apresentar a pluralidade da sociedade. / This doctoral dissertation shows how the main subjects participating in the journalistic communication contract (media companies, journalists and readers) perceive the purposes of journalism. The methodology that was used is Discourse Analysis. The media companies which were selected are Folha de S.Paulo, O Globo e O Estado de S. Paulo, the three major reference Brazilian newspapers, whose discourse was mapped in 38 institutional documents (editorial principles, writing manuals, codes of ethics, editorials). The discourse of 85 Brazilian journalists was analyzed in 40 documents (biographies, books, documentaries, academic works and interviews). The discourse of 250 readers was found in 279 comments posted on the websites and Facebook pages of the newspapers Folha de S.Paulo, O Globo e O Estado de S. Paulo. The research reached two kinds of results. One, of an empirical nature, stems from the analysis of the discourse materials from the three subjects: what the media companies, journalists and readers say about the purposes of journalism. In the discourse of the subjects, the following purposes of journalism are present: (a) watching over how power is exerted in society and strengthening democracy; (b) informing; (c) clarifying issues for citizens and providing them with a plurality of society; (d) checking the veracity of information; (e) selecting what is relevant; (f) investigating; (g) recording history and constructing memory; (h) interpreting and analyzing the reality; (i) defending citizens; (j) mediating between facts and readers; (k) integrating and mobilizing people; (l) entertaining (purpose considered by media companies and journalists only, not by readers). The dissertation reached a number of conclusions about how each subject understands these functions. Another result, of a theoretical nature, splits into two: the first outcome is a table that was designed aiming to present a summary of the purposes of journalism according to the authors who were consulted; the second is a proposal of the purposes of journalism. I present a proposal according to which journalism has 12 purposes to fulfill: (a) informing in a qualified sense; (b) investigating; (c) checking the veracity of information; (d) interpreting and analyzing reality; (e) mediating between facts and readers; (f) selecting what is relevant; (g) recording history and constructing memory; (h) helping to understand the contemporary world; (i) integrating and mobilizing people; (j) defending citizens; (k) watching over how power is exerted in society and strengthening democracy; (l) clarifying issues for citizens and presenting the plurality of society.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaMoreira.pdf: 547490 bytes, checksum: c68383b83f9e564abba2379dbbdc283f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-26 / The Social Role of the Contract analyses this institute through the historical evolution of contractual freedom, from its regulation however implicit in the 1988 s Federal Constitution, to its explicitness through the 2002 s Civil Code. It shows the different points of view about the subject, jutting out the existent diversities, such as: a) the range of the social role of the contract; b) the attenuation of the relativity principle and the contract mandatory power without prejudice to the contract essence maintenance; and c) its application beyond the legal issue regulated by the Civil Code. The Social Role of the Contract proposes an open concept for this new institution and analyzes the recent jurisprudence about the subject showing some of the several existent application possibilities. The conclusions about the subject, as any matter in Law, are relative and intended only to clarify the approach adopted in this dissertation, and do not disregard the importance of the arguments by those who defend ideas contrary to the ones presented here. / Perfil da função social do contrato. Analisar-se-á esse instituto por meio das seguintes ferramentas, quais sejam, a evolução histórica da liberdade contratual, desde a Idade Média até a Idade Contemporânea; a previsão da função social do contrato, ainda que implícita, na Constituição Federal de 1988; e a efetiva positivação da função social do contrato por meio do Código Civil de 2002. Apontar-se-ão as diversas posições doutrinárias a respeito do tema, salientando as divergências existentes, importantes para a elaboração desta monografia de conclusão de curso de mestrado, tais como: a) âmbito de atuação da função social do contrato, isto é, reflexo desse instituto nas relações internas e externas do contrato; b) mitigação do princípio da relatividade dos contratos e da força obrigatória dos contratos, sem prejuízo da manutenção do espírito dos contratos, isto é, sem supressão desses princípios; c) aplicação para além das figuras legais previstas pelo Código Civil de 2002, isto é, aplicação para todas as hipóteses que se subsumam à função social do contrato. Propor-se-á um conceito aberto para esse novo instituto conceito esse que é fruto do estudo de diversas outras obras a respeito da função social do contrato - e analisar-se-á a recente jurisprudência sobre o tema, demonstrando algumas das diversas possibilidades de aplicação existentes. As conclusões a respeito do tema, como qualquer assunto em Direito, são relativas e têm apenas a pretensão de demonstrar a linha adotada nesse trabalho, sem que se desconsidere a importância dos argumentos adotados pelas posições contrárias, fundamentais para a elaboração crítica desta monografia.