A presente dissertação parte do postulado de que existe uma correspondência entre o espaço físico da cidade e o espaço social na cidade, de modo que os objetos dispostos no espaço físico da cidade podem representar a posição dos agentes no espaço social. Foi desenvolvido e aplicado para o caso de Goiânia um método descritivo e cartográfico de representação da estrutura urbana, para obter uma descrição dos padrões de disposição dos imóveis de alto padrão ao longo da história da cidade. A aplicação do método descritivo e cartográfico levou à hipótese inicial de que um processo histórico e específico de segregação sócio-espacial pode ser representado por este método porque há uma correspondência entre o espaço físico e o espaço social. Com o objetivo de explicar a hipótese inicial e, a partir dessa explicação, desenvolver um método propriamente sociológico de interpretação da análise da estrutura urbana, foi levantada uma série de questões cujo desenvolvimento levou à explicação da hipótese inicial. A explicação da hipótese inicial desenvolvida no trabalho foi sintetizada na forma da seguinte hipótese final: a disposição dos imóveis de alto padrão descrita pelo método descritivo e cartográfico é um efeito da dominação das áreas melhor qualificadas da cidade pela classe dominante do espaço urbano. O efeito da dominação garantiu a correspondência entre os imóveis de alto padrão e a classe dominante do espaço urbano. As permanências e mudanças nos padrões de disposição desses imóveis são as formas temporárias dessa correspondência, o que não modificou a lógica básica de segregação sócio-espacial. Ao fim do trabalho, foi apresentado um método propriamente sociológico para futura aplicação empírica e teste da hipótese final. / This thesis departs from the postulate that, in a city, social space is related to the physical one, in a way that objects disposed in the physical space might portray the position that agents assume in the social one. A cartographic and descriptive method was developed for the Goiânia city case, in order to achieve a description of the setting patterns of high standard properties along local history. Applying such a descriptive and cartographic method led to the initial hypothesis that a historical and specific segregation process can be represented by the developed method, as there is a relation between physical and social space. In order to explain the initial hypothesis and, from such explanation, develop a properly sociological analysis interpretation of the urban structure, a series of questions was raised, and this process led to the exposure of the starting hypothesis. The exposure was summarized in the following final hypothesis: the setting of high standard properties showed by the descriptive and cartographic method is an effect of the rule over the best qualified areas that the dominant class has over the urban space in Goiânia. The continuities and changes in the setting patterns of these properties are the temporary forms of such correspondence, and all of it has not modified the basic logics of social and space segregation. At the end of the project, a properly sociological method was introduced for future empirical application and for testing the final hypothesis.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:53:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A tese propõe uma análise sobre as interações entre laboratório científico e seu contexto social, focalizando os processos midiáticos na produção de inovações tecnológicas. Dada a multiplicidade de agentes envolvidos na trajetória da inovação, identificados no estudo de caso, pretende mostrar que o processo da invenção requer modos diferenciados de interações comunicacionais para que o deslocamento do laboratório para a sociedade possa transformar o invento em inovação. Desta forma, desenha o espaço social da inovação tecnológica, oriunda de pesquisas químicas e farmacológicas, permeada por aspectos culturais, políticos, simbólicos e midiáticos. Inspirada pela indagação de como as interações se realizam na disputa de sentidos e interesses da inovação, a tese tenciona verificar como a comunicação midiática agiu neste espaço e o que os aspectos midiáticos fazem do invento científico. A análise chega à conclusão de que o laboratório necessita constituir sua invenção científica num espaço de invenção social, onde / The thesis proposes an analysis about the interaction between the scientific laboratory and its social context by focusing on the media processes that take place in the production of technological innovations. Due to the multiplicity of agents involved in the course of innovation, which are identified in the study case, this thesis intends to show that the invention process requires differentiated ways of communicational interactions so that the relocation from laboratory to society may transform the invention into innovation. Thus, it designs the social space of the technological innovation that comes from chemical and pharmacological researches, and which is permeated into cultural, political, symbolic and media aspects. Inspired by the wondering of how interactions take place in the dispute of innovation meanings and interests, the thesis intends to verify how media communication has acted in such space and what media aspects do to scientific invention. The analysis comes to the conclusion that the laborat

En s’appuyant sur la production de l’espace d’Henri Lefebvre (1974) et sur le concept d’expérience, nous avons relié les mondes subjectif et objectif, rendant possible l’exploration des conditions spatiales de possibilités de formation de sujets collectifs. Ainsi, étudier la dimension territoriale des expériences signifie entreprendre la spatialisation des relations de pouvoir existantes entre étudiants et institutions universitaires, dans lesquelles s’entremêlent des rapports de domination et/ou de conflit et/ou d’émancipation.La recherche a été menée sur deux terrains choisis pour leurs caractéristiques qui supposent des expériences radicalement opposées. L'UTCGG est une petite université qui forme des étudiants d’origines indigènes et paysannes, et dont l'objectif est d’impulser le développement économique d'une région rurale économiquement défavorisée. Quant aux étudiants de la Faculté de Philosophie et Lettres de l’UNAM, ils suivent des formations en sciences humaines dans l'une des institutions les plus prestigieuses d'Amérique latine. Située dans la mégalopole mexicaine, cette faculté a connu et continue d’être le théâtre et l'épicentre d'un fort activisme étudiant.Nous avons mis au jour deux séries d'expériences territoriales caractérisées par des relations spécifiques entre les origines sociales des étudiants, les contenus idéologiques des formations universitaires, et des apprentissages différenciés de l'espace. Les principaux résultats permettent d'établir que les processus de subjectivation politique sont spatialement lisibles et de commencer à caractériser territorialement la subalternité, l’antagonisme et l’autonomie. / Based on both Henri Lefebvre's production of Space (1974) and the concept of experience, we have linked the subjective and objective worlds, making possible the exploration of the spatial conditions of collective subjects’ conformation. So, studying the territorial dimension of experiences means undertaking the spatialization of power relations existing between students and academic institutions, in which relationships of domination and/or conflict and/or emancipation are intermingled.The research was conducted on two places chosen for their characteristics that involve radically different experiences. The UTCGG is a small university that trains students of indigenous and peasant origins, with the aim of boosting the economic development of a rural and economically disadvantaged region. As for the students of the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the UNAM, they follow courses in human sciences in one of the most prestigious institutions in Latin America. Located in the Mexican megalopolis, this faculty has known and continues to be the theater and the epicenter of a strong student activism.We have discovered two series of territorial experiences characterized by specific relations between the social origins of students, the ideological contents of university courses, and differentiated learning of space. The main results make it possible to establish that the processes of political subjectivation are spatially readable and to begin to characterize territorially the subalternity, the antagonism and the autonomy.

Architectural program of airports has evolved from being a mere transportation space into a &ldquo / city&rdquo / containing various activities along with transportation at its core. This thesis aims to discuss and criticize it, by arguing that the city and the airport are to be integrated by giving a special importance to the user (both the passenger and the inhabitant of the city). The discussion is focused on three dialectically related constituents of the program: Process, User and Product (building). Rather than the architectural design process generating the built form, process refers to the influential actors in shaping the space of airport. User refers to both the active and passive actors of the organization of space. Product denotes the space itself, transformed according to the wishes and demands of both the user and the mode of production. These constituents are accepted as significant factors in the development of the airport architectural program in a way to answer the requirements of the integration with the city. In contemporary airports, users do not have enough rights over the space to be able to show their existence against the domination of capital&#039 / s spaces. Therefore, this thesis proposes an alternative airport architectural program integrating the airport with the city by placing the user at the center.

The aim of this thesis is to study political opinions and party voting in relation to class. The range of opinions studied consists of a socioeconomic dimension, dealing with issues of economic equality, and a socio-cultural dimension, dealing with questions of culture and morality. Following Pierre Bourdieu, the object of the study is conceptualised as a field of consumption of political opinions consisting of a space of political opinions or stances, a space of political party preferences, and a space of social positions or opinion holders defined by (among other things) their cultural and economic capital. The field of consumption is examined through multiple correspondence analysis and Euclidean classification. Overall, the field of consumption of political opinions is found to be relatively homologous to the social space. The field of consumption is found to be a two-dimensional space, with one dimension separating left-wing from rightwing opinions and the second distinguishing between socio economic and socio- cultural opinions. The tendency to vote left wing and to have left-leaning socio-economic opinions corresponds to a low total volume of capital and possessions dominated by cultural capital, whereas the tendency to vote right wing and to have right-leaning socio-economic opinions corresponds to a high total volume of capital. Liberal socio-cultural opinions correspond to a high level of possession cultural capital (and its relative weight in the structure of the total possession of capital), whereas the opposite is true for conservative opinions. Furthermore, the socio-cultural dimension is found to harbour two different aspects: liberalism or conservatism with regard to traditional morality and liberalism or conservatism with regard to the idea of a national culture. This thesis also studies how individuals tend to combine opinions from the two dimensions into tangible constellations of opinions.

Social, political and philosophical dynamics which supposedly played an important role in the formation of the grid-plan in ancient Greek cities are explored in this thesis. In this respect, the thesis aims to expose the socio-political and philosophical matrix of Greek society in which the grid was implemented with an emphasis on the concepts of equality, rationality and geometric harmony. Having formulated a theoretical framework, it concentrates on several cases from different regions and contexts in the Mediterranean in order to confirm this framework. The thesis investigates the nature of the Greek grid-plan within three main parts / first the grid-plans of non-Greek cultures with which ancient Greeks had close contacts / second the relationship between the grid-plan and political power in Greek poleis with special attention to the formation of &amp / #8216 / egalitarian&amp / #8217 / ideals in society / third the physical expressions of the philosophical concepts of perfection, mathematical regularity and geometrical equality in the cosmos on urban pattern.

This study, preconceives space as a social phenomenon, and emphasizes the fact that the urban space cannot be separated from its inhabitants. Accordingly, it suggests that the investigation of both the city and its inhabitants is crucial with respect to everyday life and practice. Hence, the study questions how inhabitants create their spaces following their needs and demands, and how the urban space is re-defined and re-produced through appropriation. Moreover, the study aims to understand how the inhabitants express themselves and how they resist through the spaces they produce in their daily practices. With this aim, the thesis investigates a spatial activity performed by young people in Ankara, the case of &lsquo / Minibar&rsquo / , for understanding the process explained as &lsquo / re-definition&rsquo / of urban space. The research reveals that these spaces become possible through their spatial characteristics. These spaces transgress the established space, yet they are sustained due to their ephemerality, impermanency and flexibility. Furthermore these spaces are discovered to be a medium of expression for the inhabitants. In conclusion, this study asserts an approach towards the city and explains that through looking to the &lsquo / lived spaces&rsquo / rather than rhetorics, calculations and presumptions, we can obtain a clear and actual picture about the city and the inhabitants.

This thesis analyses the concept of transnationalism as a newly emerging approach in the field of international migration. This study aimed to try to understand the context of the emergence of this new approach in relation with changing global context. Additionally, this study also aimed to analyse functions of the concept of transnationalism as a new theoretical frame and a new analytical tool to generate an appropriate research agenda in order to study contemporary migratory phenomena. This study has concluded that the concept of transnationalism can generate an appropriate approach and research agenda to understand contemporary migratory phenomena. In spite of the fact that transnationalism is not a well-established approach, transnational practices and relations of migrant communities in specific and contemporary migratory phenomena in general can be studied in the frame of this new concept.

This thesis is about the processes and attitudes behind building production as it is about architecture as such, and it aims at understanding architecture&amp / #8217 / s critical capacity and its relation to wider society. In this context, the differing attitudes and orientations in the construction of the residential environments in D&uuml / zce after the two unsettling earthquakes that took place in 1999 are believed to provide a study field, where the relationship between architecture and different economic, political and cultural structures that constitute civil society can be examined. Against this backdrop, our discussion will concentrate on the specific housing concerns and solutions proposed by three different groups, namely: &amp / #8216 / Solidarity Houses Project&amp / #8217 / realized by the villagers of G&ouml / lyaka, settlement proposal for G&ouml / lyaka prepared by the Project Implementation Unit of Prime Ministry and the struggle of the D&uuml / zce Depremzedeler Dernegi for tenants&amp / #8217 / rights. The examination of these case studies will be based on our reading of Henri Lefebvre&amp / #8217 / s &amp / #8216 / Production of Space&amp / #8217 / and particularly his analytical categories: physical, mental and social space. The relation between this theoretical framework and the case studies will be a reciprocal one, in which the analysis on the three examples of house production will both utilize the analytical framework and be an instrument for understanding it. Although considered separately, the concepts we discuss in each chapter are inextricably interwoven. At the end what we aim to outline is a more total picture of the character of the redevelopment processes after the 1999 Marmara earthquakes and represent architectural practice in its complexity.

The Swedish educational reforms in the beginning of the 1990s, introducing a public-funded voucher system, free school choice and the right to run schools as commercial enterprises, had an important impact on upper secondary education. The Stockholm region, the most populous in Sweden, offered favourable conditions for the growth of a previously non-existent educational market. A massive expansion of independent schools took place, managed primarily by larger companies, along with the extensive marketing of profiled study programmes and the import of management models from the private sector. In 2011 alone, schools competed for 75 000 pupils representing an annual economic value of approximately 8.5 billion SEK. Covering the period 1988 to 2011, this thesis analyses the relationship between the educational market and upper secondary education as a social field structured by the educational strategies of social groups. Building on Bourdieu’s relational sociology, the study combines quantitative and qualitative methods, using correspondence analysis as a major analytical tool. While free school choice and the voucher system established a supply-demand relationship between schools and families and pupils, the analysis shows that the market has submitted to the same forces that structure the field of upper secondary education within which it unfolds, primarily the volume and composition of symbolic and other assets that students, families and schools possess. In fact, the social structure of the field of upper secondary education in Stockholm remains remarkably stable over time, opposing on the one hand female and male dominated education and on the other hand education with high social and scholarly recruitment to that with low. Euclidean clustering analysis unveils a complex social structure reflecting how the increasingly differentiated educational supply has adapted to the needs of various social groups. Elite schools, market-oriented schools and market-exposed schools develop different strategies in the battle over pupils. Competing amongst themselves for pupils rich in inherited and acquired capital, the elite schools withdraw from the openly market-oriented approach that characterises the other type of schools and instead opt for more subtle, long-term strategies for building up trust from their audience, involving investments in staff and other institutional assets.