This single-case study examines the influence of social media practices on tennis players’ physical behaviours in the context of Swedish tennis club. Through semi-structured interviews with tennis club members, the research aims to understand how social media practices impact tennis players’ physical behaviours. The study draws on theoretical frameworks that highlight social media’s influence on both the production and consumption of content, which can shape tennis players’ physical behaviours. The findings reveal that social media practices affect tennis players’ physical behaviours. Firstly, these practices can lead to changes in coaching approaches as coaches adapt their strategies and techniques based on social media trends and feedback. Tennis players may develop new habits influenced by what they observe and engage with on social media platforms. Additionally, social media practices can impact tennis players’ societal position, influencing their interactions with others and potentially affecting their social dynamics within the sports community. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of considering social media practices beyond online engagement and their impact on physical behaviours. The findings provide valuable insights for sports organizations aiming to develop strategies that promote positive social media practices among tennis players while mitigating negative influences. Moreover, the study contributes to the research field by exploring the influence of social media practices on tennis players’ physical behaviours in offline settings. Researchers interested in further investigating this topic can draw upon the methodology and findings of this study as a guide for their own investigations.

Social media has several advantages over more traditional forms of mass communication, but many non-profit organizations (NPOs) are underutilizing social media as a communication platform. There is limited research on social media use among NPOs in rural Appalachia. The current study fills this gap in the literature by examining social media use among NPOs in rural Appalachian Tennessee. We conducted 20 semi-structured phone interviews with NPO representatives (President, CEO, Executive Directors) in an 8-county region of Appalachian Tennessee. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. Thematic analysis indicated that rurality, organizational capacity, messaging, and social media as a secondary communication strategy were important themes. Fiscal, personnel, and time constraints were limiting factors in terms of NPOs ability to use social media. NPOs used social media primarily to share information with their target audience. While acknowledged as an important feature of social media, NPOs were less likely to use social media to advocate, engage, or mobilize community support. Further data collection is ongoing to confirm these findings and to identify best practices. NPOs in rural Appalachia can use these findings to enhance their communication strategies.

Instagram is revolutionary in social media and networking, but little is known about the factors, social or psychological, that motivate users to become constant users on this app. A comprehensive survey was created, 277 college-aged Instagram users responded about their motivation, attitude, purpose, and primary activities regarding Instagram. The results show that Instagram users have five fundamental social and psychological motives: social interaction, archiving, self-expression, escapism, and peeking. Results showed that males were different from females in the following areas of using Instagram: create a personal space, interact with a number of people, keep in touch with friends far away, get updates on close friends and family, provide updates on life, or show off. Also, there was only one significant difference in the results of the age group: in using Instagram to keep in touch with friends far away, the 21-23 and 30+ age groups were significantly different.

Title: Integrated marketing communication Level: C-essay at Linnaeus University for a bachelor's degree in business administration Authors: Berfin Gulec & Oscar Hjorth Language: Swedish Number of pages: 82 Supervisor: Michaela Sandell Examiner: Eric Rosell Date: SP Research question: How is integrated marketing communication (IMC) used in the companies studied? Aim: The aim of our research is to see how companies use integrated marketing communication today to then create an understanding of the IMC model. Theories: The theory consists of the IMC model which has nine different parts. The nine parts are described individually in the theory where their functions are described. Method: In the method, the writers take a stand regarding the study's approach and use a qualitative method. Results and Conclusion: The conclusion is that IMC is not suitable for all companies as certain factors are more important than others depending on whether the company's design is B2B or B2C. Degree project contribution: The contribution of this study is an increased understanding of IMC, this in combination with a new view of IMC as a complex subject where all factors do not have the same value for all companies. Suggestions for further research: Based on the results of the study, further suggestions for research are to determine the central parts of IMC and to describe the factors more accurately and to differentiate what is important depending on the type of company. This is because the writers believe that IMC must be studied more based on various factors, one to study an overall picture that does not suit all companies. Keywords: Integrated marketing communication, strategic positioning, promotion mix, market mix, IMC social media & social media marketing.

This report analyzes the effects that social media marketing has on companies who choose to invest in a social media strategy. Previous research has looked at separate parts of a social media strategy, but no holistic view of the entire life cycle of a social media strategy has been created. Further, this report looks at what companies who choose to invest in a strategy gain from it in terms of different sources of business value. Advertising over digital media has increasingly taken market shares from more traditional advertising such as print, radio and TV. A large portion of this digital advertising is done through social media in the form of directing content at a specific target audience using the various social media platforms marketing algorithms. This increase in digital advertising is coupled by more companies choosing to create a social media presence. However, often have these social media presences failed to net any results due to a lack of understanding of the social media environment and how the consumers use the platforms. A case study was conducted on Marvelous, a Nordic digital agency specializing in social media. The case study also analyzed one of Marvelous’ clients who has invested in a social media strategy through them. The reason for this case study was to see how social media marketing is done in practice by a leading company within the industry. To complement the case study and get a less nuanced view of the development of a strategy and the results of it, qualitative interviews were held with other industry professionals who have worked with social media for several years. The results show that the life cycle of a social media strategy is made up of six stages: the pre-assessment stage, the strategy creation stage, the basics & hypotheses stage, the maturation & capitalization stage, the short-term evaluation stage and lastly the long-term evaluation stage. These different stages help companies in creating a strategy to guide social media efforts sustainably over a long period, leading to economical sustainability of the companies through granting advantages such as increased brand strength, increased sales and reaching a new consumer basis amongst other advantages. These advantages are gained while simultaneously strengthening the bond between consumer and company through the two-way communication that social media has enabled. / Denna rapport analyserar effekten som marknadsföring via sociala medier har på företag som bestämt sig för att investera i en social mediestrategi. Tidigare forskning har utforskat olika delar i en social mediestrategi, men ingen holistisk vy av hela livscykeln har skapats. Vidare så tittar denna rapport på vad företag som har investerat i en strategi får ut av det i form av olika källor av affärsvärde. Marknadsföring över digitala medier har ökat och fortsatt tagit marknadsandelar från mer traditionella källor såsom print, radio och TV. En stor del av denna digitala marknadsföring görs via sociala medier genom att rikta ett budskap mot en specifik målgrupp med hjälp av de olika sociala plattformarnas marknadsföringsalgoritmer. Denna ökning av reklam via digitala medier syns även i form av att fler företag väljer att skapa en närvaro på sociala medier. Däremot så misslyckas ofta denna sociala närvaro att gynna företag på grund utav en brist på kunskap om det sociala medielandskapet och hur kunder använder dessa plattformar. En fallstudie gjordes på Marvelous, en nordisk digitalbyrå som specialiserar sig inom sociala medier. I denna fallstudie undersöktes även en av Marvelous kunder som har investerat i en social mediestrategi via dem. Anledningen till denna fallstudie var att se hur denna marknadsföring görs i praktiken av ett ledande företag inom industrin. För att komplettera fallstudien och få en mindre nyanserad bild av utveckling av en strategi och dess resultat så utfördes även intervjuer med andra experter inom industrin som har arbetat med sociala medier i ett flertal år. Resultaten visar att en livscykel för en social mediestrategi är uppgjord av sex skeden: förhandsbedömning, strategiskapande, etablering och hypotesprovning, mognads- och kapitalisering, kortsiktiga utvärderingar och slutligen långsiktiga utvärderingar. Dessa skeden hjälper företag att skapa en strategi för att vägvisa deras insatser på sociala medier hållbart över en lång period vilket kan leda till ekonomisk hållbarhet för företagen. Detta genom fördelar såsom ökad varumärkesstyrka, högre försäljningsgrad, att nå ut till en ny kundbas och andra fördelar därtill. Dessa fördelar fås medan företagen samtidigt stärker bandet mellan kund och företag genom den tvåvägskommunikation som sociala medier har möjliggjort.

This study analyzes peoples reactions in social media to the release of a company’s quarterly report. Sentiment analysis was performed on tweets about a company both from a short-and long-term perspective. On the long-term perspective, a two year period of sentiment was studied in relation to its quarter’s percental change of net income and revenues. Three companies was investigated in this process. On the short-term perspective, a linear regression was conducted based the quarter’s percental change of net income and revenues and on sentiment score, ranging from release day to 2 days after the release of a company’s quarterly report, in total five companies were studied. The result inferred that there was no correlation between the company’s net income and the reaction on Twitter on both long and short-term. Our conclusion is that the attitude towards a company is influenced by other factors than net income and revenues. The study also indicates that sentiments found in Twitter messages regarding a company name are related to a positive or negative expectation of the company. Findings suggest future studies to focus on companies greatly dependent on one product and analyze sentiment regarding that product instead, as the product is likely to impact financial results. / Denna studie undersöker hur människors reaktioner utspelas på sociala medier efter att ett företags kvartalsrapport släppts. En sentimentanalys utfördes på tweets angående ett företag ur både ett kortsiktigt och ett långsiktigt perspektiv. I det långsiktiga perspektivet jämfördes sentimenten från en tvåårsperiod med resultatet från kvartalsrapporterna under samma tid. Tre företag undersöktes. I det kortsiktiga perspektivet utfördes en linjär regression baserat på förändringen av rörelseresultatet och intäkterna, samt sentimentet med ett tidsintervall på 2 dagar från det att bolagets kvartalsrapport publiceras, detta utfördes på fem bolag. Resultaten från både det långsiktiga och det kortsiktiga perspektivet tyder på att det inte finns någon korrelation mellan företagets rörelseresultat och intäkter, samt sentimentet på Twittermeddelanden innehållande bolagets namn. Vår slutsats är att inställningen till ett företag påverkas av andra faktorer än rörelseresultatet och intäkterna. Studien indikerar också att inställningen på Twitter till ett företagsnamn är baserat på en positiv eller negativ förväntan. Vi föreslår att framtida studier fokuserar på företag som är starkt beroende av en produkt och analyserar sentiment för den specifika produkten istället eftersom produkten i detta läge har en stor inverkan på kvartalsrapportens resultat.

The rise of social media has led to an increase in social media use and social media addiction. Research has found that social media addiction is influenced by various factors, and this study looks to examine the relation between social media addiction and users' life satisfaction, personality type and age group; and whether the type of social media platform moderates this relationship. This study dispersed survey questionnaires and conducted an ANCOVA to analyze the results. Results found that life satisfaction and social media addiction are negatively related, but the negative relation is larger for Twitter users. Results also found a positive correlation between Extraversion and Twitter users, and a negative correlation between Extraversion and Non-Snapchat users. There was no relation found for non-Twitter users and Snapchat Users and Extraversion. Additionally, this study found that Neuroticism and social media addiction are positively related. However, this relation is stronger for Twitter users. Finally, this study found that younger generations report more social media addiction across social media platforms except Facebook and TikTok. Suggesting that there is no relation between social media addiction and one's generation for Facebook and TikTok users.

Asymmetric interactions and relationships between celebrities and followers, referred to as Parasocial Interactions (PSI) and Parasocial Relationships (PSR), respectively, have been extensively studied within the context of TV, radio and print media. However, within the Social Media (SM) ecosystem - where follower engagement and experience flow seamlessly across multiple SM tools/platforms - the nature of PSI and PSR is changing and research within this context is still nascent. Using Identity Theory and Motivational Theory, this dissertation analyses the impact active/passive engagement and compulsive use of the SM ecosystem can have in the formation of PSI and PSR. Specifically, the goal of this research is to understand how different types of engagement (passive and active) can influence parasocial relationships (friendship and love) through the mediation of cognitive and behavioural parasocial interactions. A model is proposed and validated with 294 respondents. The findings show that passive engagement in the SM ecosystem does not impact PSI/PSR while active engagement significantly impacts PSI and the consequent PSR formation. Compulsive use of the SM ecosystem strongly attenuates the relationships between PSI and PSR. Contributions and implications for both theory and practice are discussed. / Thesis / Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)

Facebook is being used by both Russia and Ukraine as a tool of war, for very different purposes. This demonstrates that the platform no longer serves the sole function of connecting communities together. Existing literature has recognized that social media is being used in the current Russo-Ukrainian war but has yet to conduct comparative and contrastive analyses of Russian and Ukrainian social media strategies and effects. Conducting these analyses will illustrate not only what strategies are being used, but how they can be simultaneously advantageous and disadvantageous for belligerents. By focusing on one platform, Facebook, one can not only learn why it is of crucial importance to both countries, but how the platform might be used moving forward. The findings of this paper suggest that Russian and Ukrainian tactics on Facebook are similar in at least six ways, but on the whole, they differ more than they coincide. The six coinciding tactics include funding, documentation on the ground, narrative spreading, heightening morale, name-calling, and utilization of the platform by leaders. Additionally, the effect of any given strategy varies, with some being successful, and others unsuccessful. Ultimately, these findings can serve as a resource for the national security, social media, political, legal, and academic communities.

Background:          Social Media are part of everyday life so much so that a new disorder has been observed. The disorder is Social Media Addiction and is still not officially acknowledged as a non-substance addiction by APA. There are a lot of studies that examine the symptoms and causes of Social Media Addiction. A relief to Social Media Addiction is taking a break for a period from them. There are a few studies that investigate the benefits of a Social Media Break but not the side effects of it in relation to Social Media Addiction. Purpose:                  The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between a Social Media Break and Social Media Addiction among Millennials in Sweden. This study aims to understand how Millennials in Sweden that are addicted to Social Media are affected by a Social Media break.  Method:                  The Bachelor Thesis uses Case Study as the methodology to discover how a Social Media Break affects a user that is addicted. The participants are Millennials that reside in Sweden and the Social Medium application is Facebook. Conclusion:             The findings from the Case Study show that there is a strong relationship between a Social Media Break and Social Media Addiction. The Millennials in this study expressed that Habit, Accessibility, Socializing and Fear of Missing Out were the reasons that made them return to their problematic Facebook relationship while taking a Break, or in other cases did not take a Break from Facebook.