Journalism has “always been shaped by technology” (Pavlik, 2000, p.229). Social media could be seen as a technology of today, when news consumption is changing and 31% of the population worldwide are using Facebook and other social media platforms for news (Newman, 2020). Moreover, fewer pay for news (Medieakademin, 2021). Therefore, it is a challenge for news media outlets to adapt to the changing news consumption patterns, as well as they lose advertisers to Big Tech (Facht & Ohlsson, 2021). Furthermore, the credibility for Swedish news media brands is decreasing (Medieakademin, 2021). Here comes the question about the strategies that Swedish news media outlets should use in order to keep their brand credibility in times of social media. Sixteen scientists within media, communication, marketing and brand management were interviewed for this master thesis. Among the conclusions drawn are; the journalistic quality and principles such as objectivity and impartiality should go first; a new innovative business model should be found; social media has changed the landscape for traditional news media outlets; social media algorithms might have increased hostile media effects. / Journalistiken har alltid påverkats av teknologin (Pavlik, 2000, p.229). Det är sociala medier som kan ses som “dagens teknologi”. Samtidigt ändras mönster för hur man konsumerar nyheterna, och 31% av världens befolkning använder Facebook och andra sociala medier för nyhetsläsning (Newman, 2020). Dessutom är det färre som betalar för nyheterna år för år (Medieakademin, 2021). Därför blir det en utmaning för nyhetsmedier att anpassa sig till de nya mönster samtidigt som de tappar i reklamintäkter, och annonsörerna går över till de stora techbolagen (Facht & Ohlsson, 2021). Därtill har förtroende för medierna de senaste tio åren minskat (Medieakademin, 2021), och här kommer frågan om hur ska svenska nyhetsmedier bete sig i en tid av sociala medier. För den här studien har sexton forskare inom media, kommunikation, marknadsföring och varumärke intervjuats. Enligt de slutsatser som dras, ska nyhetsmedierna satsa på kvalitativt innehåll; följa de journalistiska principerna; försöka hitta en ny affärsmodell; sociala medier har förändrat medielandskapet; algoritmer på sociala medier kan ha förstärkt hostile media effect.

We live in an increasingly globalized and digitized world where young people spend significant time on social media. This brings both opportunities and challenges. This paper explores, through a scoping review, how social media literacy can be used as a strategy to address these challenges. Research on social media literacy is synthesized and analyzed from a didactic perspective to better understand how social media literacy relates to various dimensions of social studies education. The result highlights several reasons why teachers should integrate social media literacy into their teaching and identifies specific skills that young people need to navigate and interact on social media platforms safely and responsibly. Additionally, the literature´s perspectives on methods for teaching social media literacy and evaluating learning and teaching are presented. Based on this, a number of practical suggestions are discussed for how social media literacy can be integrated into social studies education.

Yes

Social media is becoming an increasingly studied phenomenon in recent years, with a rise in users and the wide variety of content. Political socialization covers mass media and social media, though it only discusses the implications of how attitudes are developed from media forms. While politics and political content occur on different social media platforms, the literature and research of this subject is lacking. Life-altering events can work to change one's political outlook, where motherhood, traumatic experiences, and first-time experiences can affect political opinions. Converging the two together, with specific groups on social media platforms discussing politics, will help to expand the knowledge of how politics and social media work with one another. This study seeks to examine first-year teachers and teachers on social media platforms, the types of content they post, the types of political content they post, and how they work to discuss political topics. I scraped different first-year teacher posts on social media platforms, coded the posts into different categories, and analyzed the trends in these posts. Then I take these first-year teacher posts and compare them with Florida teachers in the same context. This will help to understand how each of these groups vary from another in discussions of political content. With these findings working to expand the previous knowledge of how political socialization is within social media, how different teachers discuss political content, and the types of possible interactions work to socialize children in schools.

This research examines the political potential of the children of the Islamic Revolution, Iran's youth. Consisting of those between the ages of fifteen and twenty-nine. this demographic represents 66% of Iran's current population. This large proportion of Iran's population was born after the founding of the Islamic republic of Iran in 1979. Consequently, much of Iran's youth have little connection with the Islamic Revolution, especially when compared to those currently in power in Iran. However, population size and disconnect with the Revolution are not the only factors that contribute to the political potential of Iran's youth. This research hopes to further support the claim that Iran's youth is a demographic of great political potential by thoroughly investigating youth counter-culture, youth discontent, and the impact of modern technologies within Iran. The objective of examining these factors is to provide evidence that much of Iran's youth are in the ideal position to act politically. Thus, by examining these variables, support will be provided to the claim that Iran's youth possess great political potential within Iran.

Die externe Unternehmenskommunikation über das Medium Corporate Blog stellt einen relevanten, aber zu Teilen noch recht unerforschten Bereich der Social Media Kommunikation dar. Um eine gelingende Unternehmenskommunikation über Corporate Blogs zu fördern und eine Reflexionsbasis für die Kommunikationsverantwortlichen bereitzustellen, wird in der Arbeit die Forschungsfrage gestellt: „Wie gestaltet sich der Managementprozess externer Unternehmenskommunikation über Corporate Blogs, aus der Sicht der beteiligten Unternehmensakteure?“. Das Forschungsziel liegt in einer qualitativen, facettenreichen Rekonstruktion des Managementprozesses, aus Sicht der beteiligten Unternehmensakteure. Die Beschreibung der sozialen Praxis soll es ermöglichen, den Prozess in seiner Funktionsweise und seinen interdependenten Beziehungen zwischen Struktur und Handlung zu verstehen. Im Rahmen von 22 Fallstudien konnte der Prozess rekonstruiert und durch die Ausführungen der Unternehmensakteure erklärt werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Prozessphasen variabel und situationsspezifisch ablaufen und gestaltet werden müssen. Insbesondere die Gestaltung der Faktoren Aufmerksamkeit, Veröffentlichungsintervall und die Kommunikationskultur des Unternehmens sind elementar, um den Prozess zum Gelingen zu führen.

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Social media offers great opportunities for businesses and the use thereof will increase competitiveness. However, social media also introduce significant risks to those who adopt it. A business can use existing IT governance control framework to address the risks introduced by social media. However a business should combine existing control frameworks for adequate and complete IT governance. This study was undertaken to help businesses to identify incremental risks resulting from the adoption of social media and to develop an integrated IT governance control framework to address these risks both at strategic and operational level. With the help of the processes in COBIT 5, this study provides safeguards or controls which can be implemented to address the IT risks that social media introduce to a business. By implementing the safeguards and controls identified from COBIT 5, a business ensures that they successfully govern the IT related risks at strategic level. This study also briefly discuss the steps that a business can follow to ensure IT related risks at operational level is addressed through the implementation of configuration controls. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sosiale media bied groot geleenthede vir besighede en die gebruik daarvan sal mededingendheid verhoog. Sosiale media hou ook egter beduidende risiko's in vir diegene wat dit aanneem. 'n Besigheid kan bestaande Informasie Tegnologie (IT) kontrole raamwerke gebruik om die risiko's wat ontstaan as gevolg van die gebruik van sosiale media aan te spreek. Vir voldoende en volledige IT korporatiewe beheer moet 'n besigheid egter bestaande kontrole raamwerke kombineer. Hierdie studie is onderneem om besighede te help om die toenemende risiko's wat ontstaan as gevolg van die gebruik van die sosiale media, te identifiseer en om 'n geïntegreerde IT kontrole raamwerk te ontwikkel om hierdie risiko's op strategiese sowel as operasionele vlak aan te spreek. Met die hulp van die prosesse in COBIT 5 voorsien hierdie studie voorsorgmaatreëls of kontroles wat geïmplementeer kan word om die IT-risiko's waaraan die besigheid, deur middel van sosiale media blootgestel is, aan te spreek. Deur die implementering van die voorsorgmaatreëls en kontroles soos geïdentifiseer uit COBIT 5, verseker ʼn besigheid dat hulle die IT-verwante risiko's op strategiese vlak suksesvol beheer. Hierdie studie bespreek ook kortliks die stappe wat 'n besigheid kan volg om te verseker dat IT-verwante risiko's op operasionele vlak aangespreek word deur die implementering van konfigurasie kontroles.

Der Trend zur Auswertung aller nur möglichen Datenbestände für kommerzielle Zwecke ist eine nicht mehr aufzuhaltende Entwicklung. Auch für die Kreditwürdigkeitsprüfung wird überlegt, Daten aus Sozialen Netzwerken einzusetzen. Die Forschungsfrage entsteht, wie die Nutzer dieser Netzwerke reagieren, wenn Banken ihre privaten Profile durchsuchen. Mit Hilfe einer Befragung von 271 Probanden wurde dieses Problem erforscht. Die Ergebnisse sind wie folgt: Die betroffenen Bürger sehen die Entwicklung mit Sorge. Sie begreifen ganz rational die neuen Geschäftsmodelle und ihre Logik und erkennen die Vorteile. Sie stehen dem Big-Data-Ansatz nicht vollkommen ablehnend gegenüber. Abgelehnt wird es aber, wenn sich Daten aus sozialen Medien negativ für eine Person auswirken. Wenn man schon sein Facebook-Profil einer Bank öffnet, dann will man einen Vorteil davon haben, keinen Nachteil. Ein Teil der Gesellschaft lehnt das Schnüffeln in privaten Daten strikt ab. Insgesamt sind die Antworten deutlich linksschief verteilt mit einem sehr dicken Ende im ablehnenden Bereich. Das Schnüffeln in privaten Daten wird als unethisch und unfair empfunden. Die Menschen fühlen sich im Gegenzug berechtigt, ihre Facebook-Daten zu manipulieren. Eine wie-Du-mir-so-ich-Dir-Mentalität ist festzustellen. Wer kommerziell ausgeschnüffelt wird, der antwortet kommerziell mit Manipulationen seiner Daten. Insgesamt ist Banken zu raten, nicht Vorreiter der Entwicklung zu sein, sondern abzuwarten, welche Erfahrungen Fintechs machen. Banken haben zu hohe Opportunitätskosten in Form des Verlustes von Kundenvertrauen. / The trend to analyze all conceivable data sets for commercial purposes is unstoppable. Banks and fintechs try to use social media data to assess the creditworthiness of potential customers. The research question is how social media users react when they realize that their bank evaluates personal social media profiles. An inquiry among 271 test persons has been performed to analyze this problem. The results are as follows: The persons are able to rationally reflect the reasons for the development and the logic behind big data analyses. They realize the advantages, but also see risks. Opening social media profiles to banks should not lead to individual disadvantages. Instead, people expect an advantage from opening their profiles voluntarily. This is a moral attitude. An important minority of 20 to 30 % argues strictly against the commercial use of social media data. When people realize that they cannot prevent the commercial use of private data, they start to manipulate them. Manipulation becomes more extensive when test persons learn about critical details of big data analyses. Those who realize that their private data are used commercially think it would be fair to answer in the same style. So the whole society moves into a commercial direction. To sum up, banks should be reluctant and careful in analyzing private client big data. Instead, banks should give the lead to fintechs as they have fewer opportunity costs, because they do not depend on good customer relations for related products.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and to explore how B2C e-commerce businesses could use social media marketing strategies to increase their consumers purchase intentions on their sites. Findings enabled the development and research of a comprehensive social media marketing system which includes a general set of components and tools aiming at increasing purchase intentions on such sites. The theoretical framework of the thesis is based on literature as well as previous studies of Social Media, Social Media Marketing, Social Media Marketing System, E-commerce, B2C, Social Commerce, S-commerce, Online Purchase Intentions, Trust and Social Trust. A conceptual framework was created and led the research method which used a convergent parallel mixed method design that includes gathering and analysing both qualitative and quantitative data. The data is gathered from potential users and clients of the system and led by the user-centered design (UCD) process. The obtained qualitative and quantitative data was analysed separately and then merged together by a side-by-side comparison. With the use of this approach, several ways businesses can increase consumers purchase intentions towards their B2C e-commerce site were discovered. Social media presence, published content, publishing frequency, content type, special sale promotions and social media friends are variables that have been found to be influential upon purchase intentions. The integration of a social media marketing system combined with these variables was found to be a successful tool for B2C e-commerce businesses wanting to increase consumers purchase intention through social media networks.

Under år 2016 har marknadsföringsstrategin influencer marketing, att låta inflytelserika personer dela budskap om varumärken online i form av sponsrade innehåll, ökat i popularitet. Den här uppsatsen ämnar öka förståelsen kring hur Influencers konstruerar inlägg som är sponsrade av företag på medieplattformen Instagram i Sverige idag. Vår ambition är att bidra med kunskap inom området marknadskommunikation, som företag i sin tur kommer kunna använda sig av i framtida samarbeten. I den här studien använder vi oss av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att undersöka sponsrade inlägg från åtta olika Influencers inom fyra intresseområden: mode, hälsa, skönhet och livsstil. Ett strategiskt urval används i valet av Influencers och Instagraminlägg. Varje inlägg analyseras med hjälp av ett analysschema som grundar sig i teori och tidigare forskning. Analysschemat innefattar fyra olika teman: visuell kommunikation, skriftlig kommunikation, lagar och riktlinjer samt branding. Samtliga teman avser att besvara studiens övergripande syfte och frågeställningar. Det teoretiska ramverket är definierat utifrån branding, influencer marketing, user- and producer generated content och visuell kommunikation. Utifrån studiens resultat kan vi utläsa att samarbeten mellan Influencers och företag på Instagram varierar i sin utformning, speciellt med hänsyn till Influencerns intresseområde. Influencers inlägg inom områdena mode och hälsa tenderar att vara proffsiga och genomarbetade, vilket visar upp en idealiserad bild av verkligheten. Influencers inom området livsstil fokuserar istället på verklighetstrogna bilder som skapar ett intimt förhållande mellan dem och dess följare. Utifrån studien går det även att konstatera att det förekommer brister i hur influencer marketing används, exempelvis direkta uppmaningar till köp och att företag har en alltför stor inblandning i utformandet av inläggen. Studien påvisar att nyckeln till att bedriva framgångsrik influencer marketing är att vara transparent med samarbetet och låta en Influencer, vars intresse och ton stämmer överens med varumärket, förmedla ett genuint och personligt budskap om det. / During 2016 the marketing strategy influencer marketing, to let influential people share branding messages online in the shape of sponsored content, gained in popularity. This thesis intends to increase the understanding regarding how collaborations between Influencers and companies are constructed on the media platform Instagram. The study aims to examine how Influencers construct their sponsored posts and through that process give an insight into how Influencer marketing is used in Sweden today. Our ambition is to contribute with knowledge within the field marketing communication which companies will be able to use in future collaborations.   In this qualitative content analysis we are examining sponsored posts from eight different Influencers within four areas of interest: fashion, health, beauty and lifestyle. A strategic selection is used when choosing the Influencers and the Instagram posts. Each post is analysed by the means of an analytic scheme, which is based on theory and previous research within the field. The analytic scheme contains four different themes: visual communication, written communication, laws and branding. All of the themes are designed with the purpose of answering the formulated questions of the study and its overall object.  The theoretical framework is based on branding, influencer marketing, user- and producer generated content as well as visual communication. The results of the study shows that the way companies and Influencers design their collaborations on Instagram vary, especially in regards to the different areas of interest. The collaborations with Influencers within the areas fashion and health tend to have a professional style that shows of an idealized view on reality. Influencers within the area lifestyle instead choose to focus on true to life images that create intimacy between them and their followers. Based on the study a few deficiency problems that exist in the way influencer marketing is being used today have been establish, for example call to purchase and that companies get to involved in the construction of the posts. The study shows that the key to successful influencer marketing is to be transparent with the collaboration and to let an Influencer, whose interest and tone of voice match up with the brand, convey a genuine and personalized message regarding it.