Thesis (MEd(Psych))-- Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The background experiences of adolescents removed from their families and placed in residential care are often characterised by trauma, abuse and neglect, resulting in significant psychological and developmental implications. However, as a result of their negative past experiences, many of these individuals view other people, including helping professionals, with mistrust or apprehension, influencing their openness to and thus the effectiveness of traditional psychotherapeutic interventions. Equine Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP) is explored within this study as an alternative non-invasive approach which aims to meet the emotional and developmental needs of vulnerable and difficult-to-reach adolescents. Innate characteristics of horses seem to encourage individuals to engage fully in the psychotherapeutic process making them well-suited to the role of co-therapist within the therapeutic team. This study aimed to explore the experiences of adolescents living within residential care who had participated in an EAP program for approximately eight months, and the affects their participation had within their lives. A qualitative study founded within the interpretive paradigm was used to gain insight into the research questions. Participants were selected using purposive and convenient sampling techniques. Following this, data was obtained through semi-structured interviews, the researcher’s reflective journal, and a focus group discussion. Inductive data segmentation and reassembling techniques were utilised to analyse the data. The findings were integrated and presented as a case study. The research findings indicated that the participants experienced various learning and development opportunities through their participation in EAP. They were able to establish connections which led to improved psychological, social, and physical well-being. The implicit integration of the Circle of Courage principles of mastery, belonging, generosity and independence within the EAP process was also explored and documented for the first time within this text. The findings were related to resilience theory in order to depict EAP as a psychotherapeutic approach which serves to foster resilience for vulnerable adolescents, namely those placed within residential care in this study. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die agtergrond ervaringe van adolessente wat verwyder is uit hul ouerhuise en in residensiële sorg geplaas is, word dikwels gekenmerk deur trauma, mishandeling en verwaarlosing, met beduidende gepaardgaande sielkundige - en ontwikkelingsimplikasies. Voortvloeiend uit hul negatiewe ervaringe van die verlede, is dit moeilik vir sommige van hierdie individue om ander mense, en dit sluit professionele mense in die hulp-professies in, te vertrou en sonder bedugtheid te benader. Dit beïnvloed hul openlikheid en dus die effektiwiteit van tradisionele psigoterapeutiese intervensies. Perd-ondersteunde psigoterapie (Equine Assisted Psychotherapy, EAP) word ondersoek in hierdie studie as ‘n alternatiewe, nie-indringende benadering, waarvan die doel is om die emosionele - en ontwikkelingsbehoeftes van weerlose en moeilik-bereikbare adolessente mee aan te spreek. Dit wil voorkom asof ingebore eienskappe van perde individue aanmoedig om ten volle deel te neem aan die psigoterapeutiese proses, en dit maak die perde baie geskik om as hulp-terapeute op te tree binne die terapeutiese span. Hierdie studie beoog om die ervaringe van adolessente in residensiële sorg, en wat vir agt maande deelgeneem het aan ‘n EAP program, te ondersoek, sowel as die effek wat hierdie deelname op hul lewens gehad het. ‘n Kwalitatiewe studie gebaseer op die interpretatiewe paradigma is gebruik om insig te verkry in die navorsingsvrae. Deelnemers is geselekteer deur doelgerigte - en gerieflikheidstegnieke te gebruik. Hierna is data verkry deur semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude, die navorser se reflektiewe joernaal en ‘n fokusgroep onderhoud. Induktiewe data segmentasie en hersamestellingstegnieke is gebruik om die data te analiseer. Die bevindinge is geïntegreer en aangebied as ‘n gevallestudie. Die bevindige van die studie dui aan dat die deelnemers verskeie leer- en ontwikkelingsgeleenthede ervaar het deur hul deelname aan EAP. Hulle was in staat om konneksies te maak wat bygedra het tot sielkundige, sosiale en fisiese welsyn. The research findings indicated that the participants experienced various learning and development opportunities through their participation in EAP. Die implisiete integrasie van die beginsels van die ‘Circle of Courage’, naamlik bemeestering, behoort aan, ruimhartigheid en onafhanklikheid, is binne die EAP proses ondersoek en vir die eerste keer in hierdie teks gedokumenteer. Die bevindinge is vergelyk met veerkragtigheid teorie om EAP as ‘n psigoterapeutiese benadering te beskryf wat veerkragtigheid aanmoedig by weerlose adolessente, naamlik dié wat in residensiële sorg geplaas is en aan hierdie studie deelgeneem het.

The topic of the master thesis is Special education support for children from socially excluded localities in education in preschools and primary schools. The thesis deals with the topic of social disadvantage of children of pre-school and elementary school age. The theoretical part is focused on defining the terms social disadvantage and socially excluded area. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the influence of the families on social learning of children and the consequences of social disadvantage on the children's development and education. Two chapters of the thesis deal with the possibilities of support for socially disadvantaged children. One of them is devoted to the provision of support measures at schools, the other one defines some strategies and programs aimed at the development of the children. The practical part analyses the results of a research survey mapping the level of development of particular selected functions in children from socially excluded areas. The used research method was testing. The research involved testing of 10 children from socially excluded areas and their results were compared to the testing results of other 10 children who were not from socially excluded areas. The research survey confirmed that socially disadvantaged pupils show poorer results in tests....

TITLE: Specificity of education social disadvantaged child SUMMARY: This thesis deals with familiarity and experience of teachers and the principal of special education stream with the integration of socially disadvantaged pupils. The work deals with the reputation of so-called "Common Education" in the professional community of teachers, special education teachers and other educational staff. It also deals with experienced teachers with the integration of these pupils. It also dedicates level of awareness about who is a disciple of underprivileged knowledge and methods that can help this integration. Finally, the work deals with the familiarity of an amendment to the Education Act no. 82/2015 and knowledge of individual impacts on working with the student. Furthermore, the work deals with the degree of acceptance of compulsory attendance in the final year of nursery school and the abolition of preparatory classes. Also, the work deals with the possibilities that offers teachers plan educational support. KEYWORDS: Common education, amendment 82/2015, inclusion, special education, social disadvantage, socially disadvantaged pupils, plan educational assistance, canceling preparatory classes.

The diploma thesis deals with CLIL teaching at primary school with a focus on pupils with special educational needs, specifically pupils with learning disabilities and pupils from socially disadvantaged backgrounds. The work aims to compare the work of ordinary pupils in CLIL classes with the work of pupils with special educational needs and to find out whether it is suitable for pupils with special educational needs. The theoretical part deals with CLIL teaching in general with a focus on teaching primary school pupils and briefly characterises some special educational needs. The practical part contains preparations for lessons and their reflections, an analysis of student work and evaluation of the pupils' satisfaction with content and language integrated learning questionnaire. At the end of the thesis, proposals for the modification of educational materials for pupils with special educational needs are attached. The research showed that CLIL teaching has no negative impact on the sample of pupils from socially disadvantaged backgrounds, but at the same time did not confirm, but also refute, the possibility of applying CLIL teaching to students with specific learning disabilities.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur tillägnandet av skriftspråk kan bidra till kulturellt kapital med fokus på vad den processen innebär för individen. Urvalet har varit målstyrt och vänt sig till personer som har förändrat sin egen situation och uppnått akademiska eller yrkesrelaterade framsteg. Studien visar att när tillägnandet av skriftspråk bidrar till kulturellt kapital och social rörlighet resulterar det i att individen upplever en förändring i sitt habitus. En process som kan utmana individens möjlighet till att utifrån ett socialt- och psykologiskt perspektiv uppleva tillhörighet i de nya medelklassammanhangen. Det påverkar även individens tidigare familj- och vänskapsrelationer. Studien visar därtill att tillägnandet av skriftspråk kan ha en terapeutisk funktion för ett barn som har ett socialt problem och befinner sig i en utsatt situation. Studien visar att ett kulturellt kapital utvecklas av individens exponering för litteratur, behov av att uttrycka sig och tillfredsställelse i att skriva. Att tillägna sig skriftspråket bidrar till en upplevelse av att vidhålla egenmakt och förmågan att medverka i och påverka samhället. / The purpose of the study was to investigate how the acquisition of written language can contribute to cultural capital with a focus on what that process means for the individual. The selection has been goal-oriented and aimed at people who have created change for themselves and achieved academic and/or professional progress. The study shows that when the acquisition of written language contributes to cultural capital and social mobility, it results in the individual experiencing a change in their habitus. A process that can challenge the individual's ability to experience belonging in the new middle-class contexts from a social and psychological perspective. It also affects the individual's previous relationships to family and friends. The study also shows that the acquisition of written language can have a therapeutic function for a child who has a social problem and is socially vulnerable. The study shows that cultural capital is developed by the individual's exposure to literature, need for expression and satisfaction in writing. Acquiring the written language contributes to an experience of maintaining autonomy and the ability to participate in and influence society.

Hållbarhet blir allt viktigare i dagens samhälle och inte minst social hållbarhet. Denna aspekt är något som fastighetsbolag måste beakta. Inte minst påverkas fastighetsbolagets lönsamhet av social hållbarhet. I socialt utsatta områden uppstår en stor problematik, inte bara för de boende utan även förhyresvärden då det är vanligare att mer underhåll behöver göras. Detta kan exempelvis innebära reparationer vid flytt, klottersanering, renhållning av utemiljö, sabotage, städning, hantering av störningar, obetalda hyror och vakanser. Alla dessa faktorer bidrar till kostnader för fastighetsbolaget, därför blir det allt mer väsentligt att vidta trygghetsskapande åtgärder. Dessutom ur hyresgästernas perspektiv är det viktigt att de känner sig trygga och vill bo kvar. Då social hållbarhet kan anses vara ett relativt nytt ämne finns det inte nog med studier som visar effekterna av dessa åtgärder. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utöka kunskapen om sociala hållbarhetsåtgärder och dess ekonomiska effekter. Denna uppsats undersöker vilka åtgärder fastighetsbolag gör samt vilka möjligheter det finns för att skapa trygghet och bidra till social hållbarhet för sina hyresgäster. Utöver detta undersöks om det och i så fall vilka ekonomiska effekter dessa åtgärder leder till. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ metod, primär datainsamling verkställs genom intervjuer med åtta personer från olika fastighetsbolag. Samtliga respondenter besitter kunskaper om respektive bolags sociala hållbarhetsarbete. En kompletterande litteraturstudie har utförts med resultat från tidigare studier. Resultaten av studien indikerar att de vanligaste sociala hållbarhetsåtgärderna är att ha det helt, rent och snyggt i fastigheterna och runt omkring. Även belyses vikten vid att ha bra, fungerande belysning samt undvika mörka och trånga utrymmen. Att som hyresvärd ha en bra och nära kontakt med sinaboende hyresgäster och hela tiden visa sin närvaro och engagemang ses som ett vinnande koncept i socialt utsatta områden. Dessutom anses det betydelsefullt som fastighetsbolag att vara delaktig i eller skapa sociala projekt för hyresgästerna samt samarbeta med myndigheter och andra fastighetsägare. Resultaten av denna uppsats indikerar att sociala hållbarhetsåtgärder utförda av fastighetsbolag ökar bolagets lönsamhet såväl som välfärden i samhället och bidrar till en ökad samhällsnytta genom exempelvis lägre arbetslöshet och minskad kriminalitet. Utförda sociala hållbarhetsåtgärder bidrar till en ökad upplevd trygghet vilket ökar områdets attraktivitet, minskar antalet vakanser och leder till högre hyror och fastighetsvärden. Åtgärderna kan även minska fastighetsbolags kostnader för reparationer och underhåll, vilket bidrar till ett högre driftnetto. / Today’s society has rendered sustainability more important than ever before, including social sustainability. This aspect of sustainability is something real estate companies must acknowledge. Among other things, social sustainability affects real estate companies profitability. In socially disadvantaged areas, problems arise, not only for the tenants but also for the landlord as it is more common that more maintenance and operations need to be done. This can, for example, involve repairs during relocation, graffiti removal, upholding the outdoor environment, sabotage, cleaning, handling of disturbances, unpaid rents and vacancies. All these factors contribute to costs for the real estate company, hence making it increasingly important to take security-creating measures. In addition, it is essential that tenants feel safe and want to stay. As social sustainability is considered a relatively new topic, there are few studies which show the effects of these measures. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the knowledge about social sustainability and its economic effects. This essay examines what measures real estate companies take, as well as which measures exist to create security and therefore contribute to social sustainability for tenants. In addition, it is investigated whether and, if so, what economic effects these measures lead to. The study was conducted using a qualitative method, where primary data collection was done through interviews with eight people from different real estate companies. All respondents possess knowledge of theircompany’s social sustainability work. A supplementary literature study has been performed with results from previous studies. The results of this study indicate that the most frequent social sustainability measure taken is to ensure that the property is functional and esthetic. The importance of having good lighting and avoiding cramped dark spaces is also highlighted. As a landlord, having close contact with your tenants and constantly showing one’s presence and commitment is seen as a winning concept in socially disadvantaged areas. In addition, it is considered important to create social projects for the tenants and to collaborate with authorities and other property owners. The results of this thesis indicate that social sustainability measures carried out by real estate companies increase the company's profitability as well as welfare in society and contribute to an increased societal benefit through, for example, lower unemployment and reduced crime. Executed social sustainability measures contribute to an increased experience of security, which increases the area's attractiveness, reduces the number of vacancies and leads to higher rents and property values. The measures can also reduce real estate companies' costs for repairs and maintenance, which contributes to a higher operating net.

This diploma thesis is focused on the implementation of a specific measure within the educational policy in the Czech Republic. The aim of the work is to describe the introduction of regulation in the form of compulsory pre-school education in terms of setting the agenda and its subsequent enforcement. Furthermore, the aim of the work is to explain the introduction of regulation with respect to the arguments of individual actors. There is a wide range of actors who comment on the issue, these actors form a coalition that shares their beliefs. It is important to mention that the topic of integrating socially disadvantaged children into society is a much- discussed and sensitive topic also at the international level. Another goal of the work is to capture and describe the discussions concerning the functioning of regulation after its introduction, in connection with stakeholders or published research. This description will also include an analysis of public opinion towards the main idea of regulation (public attitude to the policy pursued). The topic concerning the introduction of the regulation of compulsory pre- school education is described both in terms of material and with the aim of revealing individual processes in public policy, the result is subsequently reflected in the theory of phases of...