Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

No / Cyberbullying is the act of bullying or causing harassment or intimidation on another person by using technological means, such as devices, social media or networks. Despite the numerous efforts being carried out by both government and non-government organizations, cyberbullying continues to be on the rise and has become a national concern. This study highlights the motivating factors of cyberbullying in Malaysia. First, the study aims to investigate the factors motivating persons becoming cyberbullying perpetrators. Second, the study aims to examine the factors enhancing the susceptibility of persons becoming victims of cyberbullying. Engaging in both qualitative and quantitative approaches, this study adopts socio-legal approach in understanding and enquiring 19 interview experts and 120 survey respondents. The study found various factors that motivates perpetrators of cyberbullying, which could be divided into internal and external factors. Similarly, the factors that enhance the susceptibility of victims of cyberbullying could also be internal and external. The implication of the study is deeper understanding of the various factors motivating cyberbullying in Malaysia. Inherently, risk management strategies could be proposed could be developed to minimize the factors hence reducing the likelihood of cyberbullying occurrences in Malaysia. Hopefully, the findings of the study would contribute to the body of knowledge on the area of cybercrimes in general, and cyberbullying in particular. It is also hoped that this study would assist the general public to better manage the risk of cyberbullying, within the wider agenda of safe nation in Malaysia. / This study is funded by the Digital Society Research Grant Fund (DSRG) by Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC), Malaysia.

Cette recherche a pour objectif d’explorer la relation entre le statut socio-économique estimé par différents facteurs et la multimorbidité au sein d’une population clinique de première ligne. Nos analyses montrent que, malgré divers biais liés à la base des données, les résultats obtenus sont très révélateurs. Cette étude a été réalisée sur base des données collectées par le programme de recherche d’une cohorte interrégionale sur la santé en évolution (PRÉCISE) dirigée par Haggerty et Fortin. Pour notre étude, nous avons utilisé les données de la première collecte de données de PRECISE en nous concentrant sur la population clinique de première ligne c’est-à-dire celle rencontrée dans les salles d’attente de pratique médicale et qui a une affiliation avec un médecin de famille. Les variables, dépendante et indépendante, étaient respectivement la multimorbidité et le statut socio-économique. Ces variables ont été opérationnalisées de différentes façons selon les analyses. Des associations directes entre le statut socio-économique et la multimorbidité ont été trouvées. La relation était statistiquement significative pour tous les niveaux faibles des différents facteurs utilisés pour estimer le SSE. Ainsi, les patients avec un statut socio-économique faible étaient plus atteints de multimorbidité que ceux bénéficiant d’un statut socio-économique élevé. Le faible niveau de scolarité manque d’occupation, des revenus faibles et une perception négative de sa situation financière ou la combinaison de ces facteurs devraient être pris en compte dans l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre des stratégies de prévention de la multimorbidité.

Les jeunes du Liban, comme partout ailleurs, connaissent des difficultés lorsqu'il s'agit dechercher un travail. Le contexte est cependant spécifique, puisque le pays connait desproblèmes économiques, auxquels il faut ajouter les conflits politiques locaux et une situationcommunautaire et confessionnelle complexes. Dans le même temps, les technologies del'information et de la communication (TIC) apparaissent dans des discours et des projetsmultiples comme sources de nouvelles opportunités pour l'individu. Par les nouveaux usageset modes de socialisation qu'elles induisent et les compétences qu'elles délivrent, ellestransforment l'organisation de l'activité professionnelle et domestique sous différentes dimensions, ainsi que les besoins en capital humain du marché de l'emploi. Les objectifs posés sont alors de savoir dans quelle mesure l'usage des TIC pourrait avoir un impact positif sur l'insertion socio-professionnelle du jeune libanais. Pour répondre à cette question, cet ouvrage propose une méthodologie d'enquête et d'analyse basée sur le paradigme des économies de la grandeur tiré des travaux de Boltanski, Thévenot, et Chiapello. Il analyse les discours d'acteurs concernés par la problématique de l'insertion professionnelle et sociale dans notre contexte précis, ainsi que les pratiques technologiques du public étudié. / The youth of Lebanon, as elsewhere, are experiencing difficulties when seeking a job.However,the context is specific, since the country is experiencing economic problems, which must beadded the local political conflicts and a community and religious complex situation. At thesame time, information technology and communication (ICT) appear in speeches and multipleprojects as sources of new opportunities for the individual. For new uses and modes ofsocialization and skills they induce, they transform the professional and domestic activityorganization in different dimensions, as well as the human capital needs of the labormarket. The objectives raised then are research to what extent the use of ICT could have apositive impact on the socio-professional integration of young Lebanese. To answer thisquestion, this thesis provides a survey methodology and analysis based on the paradigm ofeconomies of scale issued from the work of Boltanski, Thévenot, and Chiapello. It analyzes thediscourses of actors concerned by the issue of professional and social integration in ourspecific context, and technology practices of the considered public.

Thesis advisor: Anderson J. Franklin / The differential effects of the achievement gap on lower-income youth persist in this country (National Association of State Boards of Education, 2013). Recognition of the role of Out-of-School Time (OST) factors contributing to achievement differences has been growing (Gordon, Bridglall, & Meroe, 2005). As a result, OST programs have been gaining popularity; however, program efficacy varies. Socio-emotional climate represents one area of quality that likely influences student outcomes. Socio-emotional climate was assessed through a custom observation tool from a larger study. Social competence and resilience was the outcome variable as measured by the DESSA-RRE. Factor analysis empirically profiled the socio-emotional climates of 37 summer learning programs from five school districts across the country, resulting in four “GROW” dimensions of socio-emotional climate: (1) Growth-promoting Instruction, (2) Resolve and Focus, (3) Organization, and (4) Warmth. Given the randomized control design of the larger study, variability among the 37 climates was limited. Thus, hierarchical linear regression examined the influence of climate on students’ outcomes. HLR found that the socio-emotional climate explained a statistically significant (R2=0.12, p<0.001, f2=0.14) amount of variance in students’ social competence and resilience, above and beyond demographics alone (􏰀 R2=0.005, p=0.007, f2=0.01). Moderation results were non- significant. Limitations to the study centered on data collection and quantitative methodology. Implications for both counseling psychologists and OST providers were discussed at length, notably supporting programs towards Growth-promoting Instruction. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology.

O presente trabalho propõe a reflexão sobre as práticas socioespaciais enquanto manifestações espaciais e sociais de praticantes, considerando a interação entre os mesmos e entre eles e o espaço urbano. Por meio da observação de dois objetos empíricos distintos o Baixo Augusta - São Paulo/Brasil e a Alameda de Hércules Sevilha/Espanha, enquanto espaços urbanos em transformação e manchas de ócio e lazer , são feitas, inicialmente, reflexões cruzadas teóricas e análises da conformação urbana e histórica de cada um. Em seguida, analisam-se suas atuais configurações a partir das práticas socioespaciais observadas. Para tanto, emprega-se uma abordagem entre escalas e um método experimental, a fim de construir um olhar que busque tornar visíveis aspectos e processos que não se refiram somente a contextos urbanos particulares, mas que também permitam a abordagem de aspectos da cidade contemporânea de modo amplo. Como resultado destas análises, foram elaboradas cartografias socioespaciais capazes de revelar as urbanidades de cada um deles, permitindo-se leituras individuais e conjuntas. / The present work proposes the reflection on socio-spatial practices as spatial and social manifestations of practitioners, considering the interaction between them and between them and the urban space. By observing two distinct empirical objects - the Baixo Augusta - São Paulo / Brazil and the Alameda de Hércules - Seville / Spain, as urban spaces in transformation and spots of leisure and leisure - are initially made , theoretical cross-reflections and analysis of the urban and historical conformation of each one. Then, their current configurations are analyzed based on the observed socio-spatial practices. In order to do so, an approach between scales and an experimental method is employed in order to construct a look that seeks to make visible aspects and processes that do not refer only to particular urban contexts, but that also allow the approach of aspects of the contemporary city of mode. As a result of these analyzes, socio-spatial cartographies capable of revealing the urbanities of each of them were developed, allowing individual and joint readings.

O presente trabalho propõe a reflexão sobre as práticas socioespaciais enquanto manifestações espaciais e sociais de praticantes, considerando a interação entre os mesmos e entre eles e o espaço urbano. Por meio da observação de dois objetos empíricos distintos o Baixo Augusta - São Paulo/Brasil e a Alameda de Hércules Sevilha/Espanha, enquanto espaços urbanos em transformação e manchas de ócio e lazer , são feitas, inicialmente, reflexões cruzadas teóricas e análises da conformação urbana e histórica de cada um. Em seguida, analisam-se suas atuais configurações a partir das práticas socioespaciais observadas. Para tanto, emprega-se uma abordagem entre escalas e um método experimental, a fim de construir um olhar que busque tornar visíveis aspectos e processos que não se refiram somente a contextos urbanos particulares, mas que também permitam a abordagem de aspectos da cidade contemporânea de modo amplo. Como resultado destas análises, foram elaboradas cartografias socioespaciais capazes de revelar as urbanidades de cada um deles, permitindo-se leituras individuais e conjuntas. / The present work proposes the reflection on socio-spatial practices as spatial and social manifestations of practitioners, considering the interaction between them and between them and the urban space. By observing two distinct empirical objects - the Baixo Augusta - São Paulo / Brazil and the Alameda de Hércules - Seville / Spain, as urban spaces in transformation and spots of leisure and leisure - are initially made , theoretical cross-reflections and analysis of the urban and historical conformation of each one. Then, their current configurations are analyzed based on the observed socio-spatial practices. In order to do so, an approach between scales and an experimental method is employed in order to construct a look that seeks to make visible aspects and processes that do not refer only to particular urban contexts, but that also allow the approach of aspects of the contemporary city of mode. As a result of these analyzes, socio-spatial cartographies capable of revealing the urbanities of each of them were developed, allowing individual and joint readings.

Le système scolaire chilien a été parmi les premiers à instaurer un « pilotage par la qualité ». La Fondation Chili a été l’un des principaux acteurs de cette institutionnalisation. Le but de cette recherche doctorale est de découvrir comment les consultants en qualité de la Fondation Chili ont utilisé les objets techniques (Simondon, 1989) de leur boîte à outils pour influer sur l’implication des chefs d’établissements et de leurs équipes dans le processus d’institutionnalisation du pilotage par la qualité. Le champ de cohérence scientifique de cette recherche est celui de l’analyse institutionnelle (Lamihi & Monceau, 2002). Sept des dix anciens collègues du chercheur, toujours actifs comme consultants ont participé à cette recherche. Le dispositif de recherche a eu pour objectif prioritaire de permettre l’expression individuelle et collective des consultants pour faire émerger leurs implications en provocant des transductions dans leurs discours. La collecte des données empiriques a été effectuée à travers des entretiens individuels et collectifs, enregistrées en vidéo (Pesce, 2017). Le dispositif filmique a facilité la mise en réflexivité (Lallier, 2009 ; Rouch, 1979) des consultants sur leurs parcours et leurs pratiques au sein de la Fondation Chili. Pour élargir le champ d’analyse, quelques outils propres à l’analyse institutionnelle ont été intégrés au dispositif. Il s’agit tout d’abord de l’utilisation des analyseurs qui ont surgi des entretiens, ce que Lourau (1978) nommait des analyseurs naturels. J’ai également effectué une restitution des résultats avec celui des participants qui a été mon informateur privilégié, ceci afin d’affiner mes analyses. Enfin, l’écriture d’un journal de recherche a été essentielle pour l’analyse de mes propres implications primaires et secondaires en tant que praticien-chercheur. / The chilean school system has been among the first to introduce a « pilotage by the quality ». The Foundation Chile was one of the main actors of this institutionalization. The purpose of this doctoral research is to discover how the consultants in quality of the Foundation Chile have used the technical objects (Simondon, 1989) of their toolbox to influence the implication of school principals and their teams in the process of institutionalization of the pilotage by the quality. The field of scientific coherence of this research is that of the institutional analysis (Lamihi & Monceau, 2002). Seven of the ten former colleagues of the researcher are participated in this research. The research apparatus had for priority objective to allow the individual and collective expression of consultants, to make emerge their implications and by provoking transductions in their discourse. The collection of empirical data has been carried out through individual and collective interviews, all recorded in video (Pesce, 2017). The film apparatus facilitated the reflexivity (Lallier, 2009 ; Rouch, 1979) of consultants on their backgrounds and their practices within the Foundation Chile. To broaden the field of analysis, a few specific tools of the institutional analysis have been integrated to the research apparatus. The use of the analyzers which arose from interviews, that Lourau (1978) appointed of natural analyzers. I have also carried out a restitution of the results with that of participants who was my informant privileged, this in order to refine my analyzes. Finally, the writing of a diary study has been essential for the analysis of my own primary and secondary implications as a practitioner-researcher.

Dans le contexte Méditerranéen pluri-complexe aux niveaux écologique que sociopolitique, la mise en place de zones protégées mobilise une grande diversité d’outils basés sur des réalités règlementaires, foncières, financières, scientifiques et techniques. Cette thèse est fondée sur le principe de priorisation des enjeux socio-écologiques de conservation pour une orientation pertinente des options de protection dans les régions du pourtour méditerranéen. Elle s’appuie sur l’exemple précis du Liban, où les initiatives de protection semblent toujours guidées par une réponse à des enjeux socio-politique locaux qui priment sur les enjeux écologiques. Le but est de proposer une démarche objective, basée sur une combinaison de descripteurs écologiques et socio-économiques, qui permettrait une orientation réfléchie et adaptée pour la future désignation des aires protégées. Ainsi, sur base d’une revue bibliographique, des descripteurs adaptés au contexte méditerranéen, ont été identifiés. A partir de ceux-ci nous avons élaboré un outil de support à la décision qui permet de structurer les priorités de conservation de la biodiversité en utilisant les meilleures connaissances disponibles. Cet outil, testé sur plusieurs sites au Liban, propose différentes alternatives de protection priorisées, parmi lesquelles l’utilisateur (ministère, municipalité, région…) serait en mesure de choisir la plus appropriée en fonction du contexte sociopolitique prévalent. Ceci met l’accent sur la forte dimension politique dans la conservation. Si l’objectif est de fournir un outil pour la désignation des aires protégées, les véritables défis se situeront ensuite au niveau des choix d’ordre politique. / In the multi-complex ecological and socio-political Mediterranean context, protected areas establishment is strongly conditioned by a wide range of regulatory, land estate, financial, scientific and technical realities. The support of decision makers in the design and implementation of protected areas networks is thus needed. This thesis is founded the concept of prioritization, where socio-ecological conservation issues are prioritized for an appropriate orientation of protection options in Mediterranean countries. It is based on the specific example of Lebanon, where protection initiatives remain so far poorly adapted to ecological conservation needs. The goal is to provide an objective approach, based on a combination of ecological and socio-economic descriptors that would allow a pertinent and adapted guidance of future protected areas designation. Thus, based on a peer and grey literature review, a set of adapted-to-the-Mediterranean-context descriptors, were identified. Arising from these descriptors, we developed a decision support tool (MedConserve) which structures biodiversity conservation priorities based on the best available knowledge. Tested on different sites in Lebanon, this tool suggests several prioritized protection alternatives, from which the user (ministry, municipality, region, etc.) would be able to select the most appropriate option according to the prevailing socio-political context. This study emphasizes the strong political dimension of conservation. Even if the objective is to provide a tool for protected areas designation, the real challenges will always be related to political choices and decisions.

Dans le champ de la psychopathologie infanto-juvénile, un ensemble de comportements hétérogènes, tels que la désobéissance, le vol, le mensonge, l’agressivité verbale et physique sont regroupés sous le vocable « troubles du comportement et de la conduite ». La question de l’origine de cette catégorie utilisée pour nommer certains types de transgressions interroge. Tout d’abord, cette thèse propose de suivre ce terme nosographique dans sa singularité savante, ses sédimentations, sa temporalité historique et son inscription dans un régime discursif. C’est pourquoi, les travaux de Georges Heuyer, figure pionnière dans la structuration du champ de la psychiatrie infanto-juvénile, occupent une place prégnante dans cette thèse. Ensuite, il s’agit dans cette enquête de saisir, au plus près, la chaîne de désignation qui débute à l’école, passe par la Maison Départementale des Personnes Handicapées (MDPH), pour aboutir à l’Institut Thérapeutique Éducatif et Pédagogique (ITEP). Notre intérêt s’est porté sur le processus d’évaluation médico-administrative au sein des équipes pluridisciplinaires de la MDPH. Enfin, l’analyse conduite tend à mettre en évidence la façon dont la classification « troubles du comportement et de la conduite » retentit sur les représentations des personnes désignées. / In the field of child psychopathology, a set of diverse behaviors, like disobedience, theft, lying, and verbal and physical aggression, are grouped under the label “Behaviour and Conduct Disorders”. The question of the origins of the category used to name certain types of transgressions raised questions. The following thesis suggests to follow this nosographic term in its scholarly singularity, its sedimentations, its historical temporality and its inscription in a discursive regime. That is why, the work of Georges Heuyer, a pioneering figure in the structuration of the Child and Young Psychiatry field, occupies a significant position in this thesis. Then, it is in this investigation to seize, as close as possible, the name chain starting from the school, going through MDPH and ending at ITEP. Our interest was focused on the medico-administrative assessment process within multidisciplinary teams at the MDPH. Finally, the conducted analysis highlights the way the classification “behavior and conduct disorders” reverberated on the representations of the designated people.