L’objectif de cette thèse est d’une part d’étudier l’influence des labels de groupe sur la formation de jugements envers le locuteur employant ces labels et envers la cible de ces labels et d’autre part de proposer un modèle explicatif des effets. La littérature rapporte un effet délétère de l’emploi de labels de groupe péjoratifs sur les jugements exprimés envers le locuteur et envers la cible, l’emploi d’un label péjoratif (e.g., « nègre ») entraînant des jugements plus négatifs que celui d’un label non-péjoratif (e.g., « noir »). Nous nous proposons de répliquer ces effets et de tester l’hypothèse d’une régulation normative de ceux-ci. Notre recherche a été déclinée en deux axes. Le premier a examiné l’effet de la valence du label employé et du niveau de protection normative du groupe cible sur les jugements exprimés envers le locuteur. Le second a étudié le rôle d’indice linguistique de catégorisation joué par les labels de groupe lors de la formation de jugements envers le locuteur, mais également envers la cible du label. Conformément aux prédictions, les résultats montrent que l’emploi d’un label péjoratif entraîne un jugement plus négatif du locuteur que l’emploi d’un label non-péjoratif. Le principal apport de ce thèse réside dans le fait que la simple catégorisation via l’emploi de labels de groupe suffit à entraîner des jugements plus négatifs du locuteur et des jugements plus positifs de la cible du label. De plus, la norme sociale anti-préjugés médiatise les effets obtenus et le niveau de protection normative du groupe cible vient, quant à lui, les modérer. Les implications théoriques de ces résultats et les perspectives de recherche sont discutées. / This thesis aims to study the influence of group labels over the formation of judgments towards the emitter and the target of these label’s and to come up with an explanatory model of these effects. Literature shows a negative effect of pejorative group labels on the emitter's and the target’s judgements; pejorative labels (e.g. “nigger”) leading to more negative judgments than nonpejorativelabels (e.g. “black”). We offer to replicate these effects and to test the hypothesis of a normative regulation of these effects. Our research is declined in two main axes. We first examined the effect of group label valence and normative protection level of the targeted social group on the emitter's judgments. We secondly studied the role of linguistic categorization played by group labels during the formation judgments towards emitter and target. As predicted, results showed that the use of pejorative labels generates more negative judgments of the emitter than the use of non-pejorative labels. The main contribution of this thesis is to show that simple categorization using group labels is sufficient to generate negative judgments of the emitter and positive judgments of the target. Moreover, the anti-prejudice norm mediates the obtained effects, while the level of normative protection of the targeted group moderates them. Theoretical implications of these results are discussed and the prospects for research are mentioned.

Esta tese situa-se no campo da Educação Superior e seu objetivo principal foi investigar e discutir qual o espaço formal e quais significados são atribuídos à Educação Ambiental nas políticas públicas e nos cursos de graduação em Engenharia Agronômica do país. A opção pela temática decorre do entendimento da relevância de inclusão dessa área de conhecimento na formação do Engenheiro Agrônomo, no sentido de atender ao compromisso de buscar alternativas de ação viáveis frente à crise socioambiental que caracteriza a contemporaneidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com características de estudo de caso que envolveu análise documental e interpretação das representações dos sujeitos. O estudo de campo, desenvolvido junto aos Cursos de Agronomia da UFSM e da UFRGS, foi orientado pelas seguintes questões de pesquisa: i) que lugar ocupa a Educação Ambiental nas políticas públicas educacionais voltadas à formação profissional do Engenheiro Agrônomo, nos Projetos Político-Pedagógicos (PPPs) e propostas curriculares e no seu desenvolvimento nos Cursos de Agronomia; ii) qual o espaço atribuído à EA nas representações dos sujeitos (professores e estudantes) envolvidos diretamente nesses cursos e/ou no exercício profissional; iii) que perspectivas são apontadas por professores, estudantes e egressos dos Cursos de Agronomia para ampliar o espaço da EA no processo formativo. A pesquisa sustentou-se nos aportes teóricos referidos às concepções de Educação Ambiental; à relação entre a crise sócio-ambiental da contemporaneidade e o mundo agrícola; à crise de paradigmas no conhecimento científico e seus reflexos na educação; aos Projetos Político- Pedagógicos/currículos tradicionais versus projetos inovadores. Foram envolvidos como sujeitos do estudo doze (12) professores, onze (11) estudantes, representando as duas Universidades e nove (9) engenheiros agrônomos representando a área de atuação profissional. Os dados, coletados através da leitura dos documentos legais, de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e de registros no Diário de Campo da pesquisadora, foram respectivamente submetidos aos procedimentos de análise documental e de analise de conteúdo. Como resultados do estudo registram-se: i) a crescente preocupação com a Educação Ambiental em nível governamental; ii) a consciência mais aguçada entre os sujeitos do estudo quanto à importância do tema na formação profissional; iii) o espaço ainda incipiente da EA nos PPPs e Currículos dos Cursos de Agronomia, bem como a permanência de estruturas curriculares tradicionais. Evidenciou-se, por outro lado, o esforço de alguns dos professores na inserção da EA nos PPPs e estruturas curriculares dos cursos e em suas práticas educativas, assim como algumas perspectivas para ampliar esse espaço por meio da formação continuada dos docentes, da formação universitária contextualizada e comprometida com a sociedade, da associação entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão e da relação entre a formação agronômica e o modelo de agricultura e de desenvolvimento sustentável. / This thesis is situated in the field of Higher Education and its objective was to investigate and to discuss which formal space and meanings are attributed to Environmental Education in public policies and in undergraduate programs of Agronomy in the country. The option for the subject comes from the understanding of the relevance of including this area of knowledge in the professional formation of the Agronomist, in order to attend the commitment of looking for viable action alternatives facing the socio-environmental crisis characterizing the contemporary times. It is a qualitative research, with characteristics of study case that involved documental analyses and interpretation of the subjects' representations. The field study, developed with the Agronomy courses of UFSM and UFRGS was oriented by the following research issues: i) what is the place that environmental education occupies in the public educational policies aiming the professional education of Agronomists in the Political Pedagogic Projects (PPPs) and curricula, and in their development in the Agronomy courses; ii) what is the space attributed to environmental education in the subjects representations (teachers and students) involved directly in these courses e/or the professional activities; iii) what perspectives are appointed by teachers, students and alumni of Agronomy courses to broaden the space of the environmental education in the educational formation process. The research was supported in the theoretical knowledge related to the conceptions of environmental education; the relation between the contemporary socio-environmental crisis and the agricultural world; the paradigms crisis in the scientific knowledge and their reflexes on education; the PPP/traditional curriculum versus innovative ones. As study subjects were involved twelve (12) teachers and eleven (11) students, representing the two universities, and nine (9) agronomists representing the professional area. The data, collected from reading legal documents, semi-structured interviews, and entries in the field diary of the researcher, were submitted, respectively, to the procedures of documental and content analyses. As results of the study is registered: i) the increasing concern with Environmental Education at the governmental level; ii) the higher conscience of the study subjects about the importance of Environmental Education in the professional formation; iii) the still incipient space of Environmental Education in the PPPs and curricula of Agronomy courses, as well as the remaining of traditional curricula. On the other hand, the effort of some teachers in inserting Environmental Education into the courses' PPP and curriculum structures and into their educational practices became evident, as well as, the perspectives aiming to enlarge the space of Environmental Education through the continuing formation of teachers, the contextualized undergraduate formation committed with the society, the association among teaching, research and extension and the relationship between the Agronomy undergraduate education and the model of agriculture and sustainable development.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os aspectos socioambientais do sistema lacustre da maraponga e a relaÃÃo estabelecida dos moradores e freqÃentadores do bairro com a lagoa, analisando os aspectos geoambientais e socioeconÃmicos relacionados a capacidade do sistema lacustre da maraponga, bem com as alteraÃÃes fÃsico-quÃmica e bacteriolÃgica da lagoa, para tanto foram identificados os agentes emissores de poluentes que comprometem a qualidade da Ãgua. A Lagoa da Maraponga està localizada no setor Sudoeste da cidade de Fortaleza que faz parte do segmento costeiro do Estado do CearÃ, fazendo parte da micro-bacia de Fortaleza, mais precisamente da bacia fluvial do Rio CocÃ. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido sob a abordagem socioambiental desenvolvida por MendonÃa (2002), cujo objeto de estudo à construÃdo a partir da relaÃÃo entre sociedade e natureza, e como o objeto de estudo està inserido na Ãrea urbana utilizou-se o Sistema Ambiental Urbano S.A.U. que à um mÃtodo que comeÃou a ser desenvolvido por MendonÃa (2004), na busca de uma abordagem dos problemas socioambientais urbanos. Sendo este constituÃdo de trÃs subsistemas o natural, o social e o construÃdo, sendo este constituÃdo de um sistema complexo e aberto. Esse mÃtodo està associado aos princÃpios limnolÃgicos uma vez que trata do estudo das Ãguas continentais, alÃm de possuir uma caracterÃstica interdisciplinar. Para a anÃlise dos fatores socioeconÃmicos foram utilizados os dados estatÃsticos do censo do IBGE de 2000 e entrevistas com os freqÃentadores do parque onde està localizada a lagoa Os dados de indicadores da qualidade da Ãgua da lagoa da Maraponga, que foram utilizados, foram coletados junto a SEMAM/PMF, os parÃmetros fÃsico-quÃmico e bacteriolÃgico das amostras utilizaram como determinaÃÃo padrÃo as especificaÃÃes da ResoluÃÃo CONAMA 357/2005. A partir dos dados coletados foi possÃvel constatar os principais impactos socioambientais e inter-relaÃÃo entre sociedade / This study aims to examine the environmental aspects of the lake system and the relationship of Maraponga of residents and visitors to the neighborhood pond, examining aspects related to socio-economic and geo-environmental capacity of the lake system Maraponga well with the physical and chemical changes Bacteriological and the lagoon, both pair identifying the agents emitters that compromise water quality. Maraponga's Lagoon is located in sout hwest sector of the city of Fortaleza that is part of the coastal segment of the state of Ceara at latitude 3  47'20 .58 "S and longitude 38  34'7 .475" W. It is part of the micro-watershed of Fortaleza, specifically the Rio Coco river basin and is conne cted to other watersheds in the city. This work will be developed under the social environmental approach developed by Mendonca (2002). The object of study of social and environmental geography is constructed from the relationship between society and nature, and as the object of study is inserted in the urban area, we used the Urban Environmental System SAU a method that was first developed by Mendonca (2004), in search of an approach to urban social and environmental problems. This being composed of three subsystems that natural, social and built, and the UAA consists of a complex system and open. This method is associated limnological principles as regards the study of inland waters, also has an interdisciplinary character. For the analysis of socioeconomic factors were used for statistical data from the IBGE census of 2000 and interviews with patrons of the park is located where the pond data quality indicators Maraponga of pond water , which were used were collected from SEMAM / PMF, the physico-chemicaland bacteriological samples used to determine the standard specifications of Resolution 357/2005. From the data collected, we determined the major environmental impacts and inter - relationship between society nature, which made proposals for better use of that water resource.

L’engagement organisationnel a un effet réducteur sur les comportements déviants au travail. Cette recherche se propose de relever et de chiffrer les conséquences du déficit d’engagement puis d’identifier et d’analyser ses causes pour pouvoir, grâce au management et à la gestion stratégique des ressources humaines, élaborer et tester des propositions susceptibles d’améliorer durablement l’engagement dans un souci de performances socio-économiques.Notre terrain de recherche est le service nettoiement d’une collectivité territoriale en Tunisie où nous avons mené une recherche-intervention qui montre que l’estime et la valorisation du travail et du statut de l’employé, aussi bas dans l’échelle soit-il, est nécessaire pour augmenter l’engagement et le sentiment d’appartenance à l’organisation et par là l’amélioration des performances. Mots clés : engagement organisationnel, comportements déviants, management, performance socio-économique. / Organizational commitment has a reductive effect on deviant behaviors at work.This research intend to show up and calculate the cost of a lack of commitment and then identify and analyse its causes to be able, by the mean of the strategic management of human resources, to work up and test proposals that enhance durably commitment and socio-economic performance.Our research terrain is a local authority cleaning service in Tunisia where we conducted a research-intervention that shows that respect and valuation of employee labor and status, especially when he’s in the bottom end of the scale, is necessary to enhance commitment and strengthen the sense of belonging to the organisation and thereby performance.Keywords : commitment, dark side behaviors, socio-economic performance, management.

This thesis deals with the socio-economic development of the Liberec Region. In itself, the socio-economic progression is a very complex issue richly structured organizationally as well as institutionally. Matters regarding the realization of the socio-economic program were even more complicated by the completion of the second phase of the transformation of the public administration. The search for an optimal methodology for creating the strategic documentation together with tools for the realization of regional development plans is far from over. While the negotiation and approval of the strategic documentation is a complicated process, the realization of those plans is what causes most of the difficulties. In my opinion, the local Council of the Liberec Region has so far not been able to create adequate organizational and personnel capacity for the realization and the monitoring of the realization process of the existing documentation. The use of the EU funds for the realization of the plans as well as the cohesion policy of the Liberec region, just like the rest of the Czech Republic, in my opinion, is insufficient.

This diploma thesis is dealing with the influence of culture on the foreign policy of Venezuela, showing how socio-cultural determinants are reflected in formation and ideological basis of foreign policy and its realizing on the international stage. The thesis is divided into two parts - the first part is dedicated to the characteristic of venezuelan national culture in general, based on surveys of Hofstede and Inglehart, and in particular, based on such a phenomenon as caudillism, populism and personality cult of Simon Bolívar. The second part of the thesis is handling with the political-economic development in the second half of 20th century. The emphasis is on how the politics in Venezuela which has changed profoundly with the election of Hugo Chávez is reflected in the foreign policy of Venezuela.

La présente étude a pour objectif de constituer un dossier terminologique en mathématiques dans la perspective d’une éducation bilingue français/lyèlé. Cela intervient dans un contexte où les enseignants du primaire en zone lyèléphone ont des difficultés pour ce qui concerne l’usage d’un langage approprié pour la transmission des connaissances mathématiques. La recherche se situe au carrefour de deux domaines différents : la sociolinguistique et la terminologie. Si sur le plan sociolinguistique, l’analyse a porté sur les représentations des enseignants au sujet des langues d’enseignement et des pratiques pédagogiques, la terminologie se pose ici comme un secteur plus pratique dans la mesure où le chercheur se voit appeler dans une action de recherche intervention. Pour ce qui est de la méthodologie utilisée, nous avons dans un premier temps recueilli les opinions des acteurs sur la question de l’enseignement ; par ailleurs, la plus grande partie du travail a été menée en privilégiant la démarche socio-anthropologique. Dans une telle perspective, le chercheur en effet mobilise son expérience d’enseignant mais aussi construit le lexique de façon progressive durant ses voyages sur le terrain. Le traitement des données (termes) s’est fait selon une démarche terminologique privilégiant le choix des unités linguistiques relatives aux mathématiques de base : autour d’un terme dit vedette, l’on réunit les informations relatives à la prononciation, à la sémantique, à la lexicologie, etc. Les informations en français et en lyèlé sont fournies autour du terme-vedette. Enfin, la démarche utilisée débouche sur la constitution d’un lexique français/lyèlé ; le chercheur recommande l’idée de partir de ce travail comme modèle pour construire d’autres lexiques et curricula dans d’autres domaines et dans d’autres langues du Burkina Faso. / This study aims at putting together a terminology case file in mathematics with a view to a French/Lyèlé bilingual education. This takes place in a context where elementary teachers in Lyèlé-speaking zones have difficulties identifying an appropriate language for the transmission of mathematical knowledge.This research is at the crossroads of two different domains: sociolinguistics and terminology. On the sociolinguistics front, the analysis focused on the representations of teachers on the topic of teaching languages and teaching practices. Terminology is a more practical field as the researcher is in an interventive research dynamic.Concerning the methodology employed, first we gathered the opinions of teachers regarding education; besides, most of the work was done following the socio-anthropological approach; in such a perspective, the researcher both mobilises his own teaching experience and progressively builds the glossary during his travels in the field.Treatment of the data (terms) was done following a terminological approach privileging the choice of linguistical units linked to basic mathematics: we compile the information relating to pronunciation, semantics, lexicology, etc., around a “star” term. The information in French and Lyèlé are supplied according to the star term.Finally, the approach used leads to the constitution of a French/Lyèlé lexicon; the researcher recommends using this study as a starting point to build other lexicons and curricula in other domains and in other Burkina Faso languages.

El presente trabajo de investigación consiste en un protocolo detallado que servirá de guía para la elaboración de un artículo científico, el cuál se centrará en analizar el tratamiento informativo y el discurso periodístico de una noticia emitida por dos importantes canales de televisión peruanos. La noticia a observar, se encuentra relacionada con el conflicto socio-ambiental del Proyecto Minero Tía María. En las siguientes líneas, se aborda los primeros lineamientos y acercamientos teóricos para la posterior investigación. / This research work consists of a detailed protocol that will serve as a guide for the preparation of a scientific article, which will focus on analyzing the news treatment and journalistic discourse of a news broadcast by two important Peruvian television channels. The news to be observed is related to the socio-environmental conflict of the Tía María Mining Project. In the following lines, the first guidelines and theoretical approaches for subsequent research are addressed. / Trabajo de investigación

De la Librairie Hachette à Lagardère, le groupe s’est profondément transformé. Le conglomérat issu de rapprochement d’Hachette avec Matra a abandonné toutes les activités des industries des hautes technologies, du transport et de l’automobile. Ce travail vise à déceler les traces des étapes successives de transformation du groupe pour éclairer les racines de ses choix stratégiques et son positionnement actuel au sein des industries culturelles. Il vise aussi à analyser les conditions de sa financiarisation et de ses mutations technologiques, puis ses stratégies vis-à-vis des industries de la communication. Les activités et les mutations de chacune des quatre branches actuelles du groupe, Lagardère Publishing (livre), Lagardère Active (presse, radio, télévision, production audiovisuelle, numérique et publicité), Lagardère Services (distribution et commerce de détail en zones de transport) et Lagardère Unlimited (gestion de droits sportifs et divertissement) font l’objet d’un examen séparé, analysant leurs spécificités et leurs stratégies, comparées à celles de leurs concurrents respectifs. Ce travail étudie enfin comment les stratégies de Lagardère interrogent les théories des industries culturelles. / The Lagardère group has undergone dramatic changes from the days of the ‘Librairie Hachette’ to those of the Lagardère group. The conglomerate born from the merger* between Hachette and Matra has now given up all its high-tech, transport and automotive activities. This thesis aims at uncovering the evidence of the successive steps in the transformation of the group in order to highlight the roots of its strategic choices and to shed light on its current position among cultural industries. It also aims at analysing the conditions of the financialisation of the group, its technological development and its strategies regarding the communication industries. The activities of and changes undergone by each of the current branches of the group -namely Lagardère Publishing (book publishing), Lagardère Active (press, radio, television, audio-visual production, digital media and advertising), Lagardère Services (distribution and retail networks in transport areas) and Lagardère Unlimited (entertainment and sports rights marketing)- are studied separately here, thus allowing to analyse their specificities and strategies, compared to each of their respective competitors. Finally, this thesis analyses how the various Lagardère strategies question the theories about the cultural industries.

Solicitud de envío manuscrito de artículo científico. / Esta investigación tiene como objetivo diagnóstico explorar aspectos socio-afectivos en un grupo de niños y como objetivo de intervención, explorar los cambios que produce la aplicación del programa EmocionARTE. Mediante un diseño de investigación-acción, participaron cinco niños entre 3 y 5 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: entrevistas semi-estructuradas a los padres de los participantes; y con los niños, se empleó la observación-participante no estructurada y preguntas conectadas. Para el programa se aplicaron técnicas como el juego y el arte, y los temas se abordaron desde la jerarquización de problemas y necesidades que identificaron los padres. Se utilizó una herramienta pre y post test, que ayudó a comparar los resultados del proceso. Se mostraron cambios positivos en los participantes del programa. / This research has as a diagnostic objective to explore socio-affective aspects in a group of children and as an intervention objective, to explore the changes produced by the application of the EmocionARTE program. Using an action research design, five children between 3 and 5 years old participated. The instruments used were: semi-structured interviews with the parents of the participants; and with the children, unstructured participant observation and connected questions were used. Techniques such as play and art were applied to the program, and topics were addressed from the hierarchy of problems and needs identified by parents. A pre and post test tool was used, which helped to compare the results of the process. Positive changes were shown in program participants. / Tesis