Este trabalho é uma primeira etapa da elaboração de um conjunto conceitual que tem por objetivo fornecer uma explicação sociológica para o fenômeno do conhecimento. O ponto de partida é a reconstrução de uma possível explicação presente na sociologia de Max Weber para o fenômeno em questão. Parto da suposição que os trabalhos de Weber indiretamente explicariam-no, dado que a teoria da ação e da racionalização suscitariam inevitáveis problemas epistemológicos. Não obstante, essas duas teorias endereçariam respostas parciais aos dois problemas básicos sobre o conhecimento, a saber, o que é o conhecimento? e como o conhecimento é desenvolvido? Para respondê-las integralmente, seria necessário encontrar um fenômeno que conjugasse a teoria da ação social com a teoria da racionalização. Minha principal hipótese é que este seria o no processo de intelectualização. Com isso, a parte central deste trabalho refere- se à reconstrução do processo de intelectualização e sua solução prévia para o conhecimento. Ao esgotar todas as possibilidades de explicação, utilizo os trabalhos de Hermann Lotze e Gottlob Frege como auxiliares na compreensão e resolução de noções subjacentes ao problema do conhecimento, como as noções de sentido, significado, verdade, interpretação e intersubjetividade. Ao final, chego a uma conclusão que tenta acoplar uma teoria da linguagem sobre a explicação do conhecimento produzida pela reconstrução dos trabalhos de Weber / This study is a first stage of drafting a conceptual framework that aims to provide a sociological explanation for the phenomenon of knowledge. The starting point is the reconstruction of a possible explanation for knowledge grounded on Max Weber\'s Sociology. As a starting point, we assume that Weber\'s work indirectly explains the phenomenon of knowledge, since the theory of action and rationalization would raise inevitable epistemological problems. Nevertheless, these two theories would only address partial answers to two basic problems about knowledge, namely, what is knowledge? and how knowledge is developed? In order to answer completely such questions it would require a phenomenon that combines the theory of social action with the theory of rationalization. Our main hypothesis is that the process of intellectualization is the phenomenon would best combine both theories. Thus, the central part of this study refers to the reconstruction of the process of intellectualization and its prior solution to the knowledge. When all possibilities were exhausted, we used some works of Hermann Lotze and Gottlob Frege in order to assist the comprehension and solve some knowledge\'s underlying notions, such as meaning, sense, truth, interpretation, and intersubjectivity. In the conclusion, we attempt to attach a theory of language on the explanation of knowledge produced by the reconstruction of Weber\'s writings

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:51:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-12-09. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:55:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000863083.pdf: 1094276 bytes, checksum: 57bb9b04ea70fac5aad22004c4a56ab6 (MD5) / As torcidas fazem parte do contexto esportivo e, consequentemente, geram influências sobre as equipe e atletas. Dentro do grupo torcidas, existem algumas subdivisões, uma delas é as torcidas organizadas, presentes em várias modalidades esportivas, porém neste caso serão consideradas as torcidas ligadas as equipes de futebol de campo. Suas ações são um tema que sempre é discutido, especialmente as ações violentas, e sua relação com a diretoria do clube também, já que existe uma ligação entre essas duas partes, relação esta que vêm diminuindo após certos episódios de violência. Com o crescimento das redes sociais, as torcidas também passaram a se utilizar delas, tanto para divulgar as suas atividades quanto para marcar brigas com outras torcidas. Frente a isso, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as páginas oficiais de algumas torcidas organizadas no Facebook, buscando categorizar os conteúdos postados verificando a existência de conteúdos referentes ao tema violência, por meio da análise de conteúdo online, utilizando-se de técnicas da netnografia e da análise de conteúdo. O universo desta pesquisa foi constituído pelas fanpages do Facebook de três torcidas organizadas de equipes de futebol da cidade de São Paulo. Foram analisadas todas as postagens destas torcidas referentes ao período do ano de 2014. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado à análise de conteúdo, onde houve a categorização e hierarquização dos conteúdos e, após isso, análise e interpretação dos dados. Os resultados são apresentados em porcentagem. Notamos que as categorias jogos, mídia e festas foram as que apresentaram maior destaque em relação ao resultado geral das três torcidas. Foi verificado que a questão da violência acontece em segundo plano, juntamente com o clube, o qual também não recebe destaque principal. Dentre as festas que representam grande número das postagens... / Fans are a part of the sports context, and consequently generate influences on teams and athletes. Inside the fans group, there are some subdivisions, one of them are the organized fans. Although they are presented in many sports, this dissertation focuses on the soccer ones, whose actions, especially the violent ones, are a topic that is always on discussion as well as its relationship with soccer teams' board of directors. This relationship, however, is becoming weaken due to violent episodes. Besides that, the growth of social networks and its use by soccer organized fans, create an important mechanism to publicize its activities and to mark fights with other fans. Taking all these into consideration, this dissertation aims to analyze the official pages of some soccer organized fans on Facebook, to seek to categorize the content posted, to check for content related to the topic violence, to use the method of online content analysis, using techniques of nethnography and content analysis. The universe of this research was made up of Facebook fanpages of three differenet soccer organized fans' team of São Paulo city. We analyzed all the posts of these groups for the period of the year of 2014. For data analysis was used content analysis, which there was the categorization and prioritization of content and, after that, analysis and interpretation of data. The results are presented in percentage. We noted that the categories games, media and parties showed the most outstanding in relation to the overall outcome of the three organized fans analyzed. It was found out that the issue of violence happens in the background, as well as the club, which does not receive major highlight. Among the parties, that represent large number of the posts, we highlight the carnival, and we realized then, the existence of different subgroups within the organized fans. We understand that this work presents advances on this topic, especially in mapping...

Orientador: Afonso Antonio Machado / Banca: Graziela Pascom Caparroz / Banca: Silvia Deutsch / Banca: Gustavo Lima Isler / Banca: Rubens Venditti Junior / Resumo: As discussões sobre as políticas públicas relacionadas aos equipamentos de esporte e lazer ganharam destaque após a realização dos megaeventos esportivos que o país sediou, afinal, não é raro encontrar equipamentos abandonados, sem utilização pela população. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os equipamentos públicos de esporte e lazer de São José do Rio Pardo/SP e elaborar uma proposta de plataforma virtual para realização de debates sobre o esporte e lazer no município. Trabalhamos com uma pesquisa qualitativa, com levantamento de dados bibliográficos e de campo. Para a pesquisa de campo utilizou-se de levantamento de dados através da Lei de Acesso à Informação e de visitas in loco, com registros fotográficos e anotações em caderno de campo. Os dados coletados foram registrados na ferramenta de georeferenciamento Google My Maps. Os resultados demonstram que o município possui 26 equipamentos de esporte e lazer, com uma concentração ampla na região Oeste. Apesar da quantidade a distribuição é falha, seja pela presença nas regiões Leste e Norte, seja pela realização de atividades na região Oeste, caracterizando assim, uma centralização da oferta de atividades de esporte e lazer. Por fim, apresentamos uma proposta de plataforma virtual para a participação da população em debates sobre os equipamentos de esporte e lazer. A formulação é baseada em três eixos, denominados: "Conheça", onde os cidadãos recebem informações e tiram dúvidas; "Construa", onde é possível registrar su... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Discussions on public policies related to sports and leisure equipment gained prominence after the sportive mega events which the country hosted, once, it is not uncommon to find abandoned places, unused by the population. The objective of this research was to evaluate the public sports and leisure facilities of São José do Rio Pardo / SP State to elaborate a proposal of a virtual platform for conducting debates on sport and leisure in the city. We work with a qualitative research, with bibliographical and field data collection. For field research, we did a data recovery using publics records, available by the national law on information access (Lei de Acesso à Informação) and on-site visits, with photographic records and annotations in a field notebook. The data collected was recorded in the Google My Maps georeferencing tool. The results show that the municipality has 26 sports and leisure equipment, with a wide concentration in the west region. Despite the number, the distribution is flawed, either by the presence in the East and North regions, or by the performance of activities in the West region, characterizing, therefore, a centralization of the offer of sports and leisure activities. Finally, we present a proposal for a virtual platform for the participation of the population in debates on sports and leisure equipment. The formulation is based on three axes: "Know", where citizens receive information and ask questions; "Build", where it is possible to register suggest... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

This DPhil thesis discusses how two divergent risk conceptions, a 'social view' and an 'economic view' of risk, are constructed through inter-expert risk communication. Different and sometimes contradictory concepts of risk are mobilised in regulatory practice, but the origins of these divergent risk conceptions are not extensively studied. This thesis seeks to unpack this divergence. Empirically, I analyse risk communication among experts in the European Union (EU) during the creation of two risk regulation standards. The two case studies, one related to the development of the two-degree target of EU climate policies (the climate case) and the other about the negotiation of the excessive deficit criteria of the Maastricht Treaty (the euro case), can shed light on the relations between risk conceptions and inter-expert risk communication. I argue that through risk communication, an initial 'view' of risk can be entrenched and developed into a paradigmatic 'risk conception'. My analysis uses historical and sociological institutionalism, by focusing on path dependence of risk communication and social construction risk conceptions among EU experts. Through the two case studies, I identify four analytical dimensions of inter-expert risk communication: networks (the institutional setting and relationships between different experts), cultures (the mentalities of experts in relation to discussing risks), dynamics (the actual processes of transmitting and receiving risk messages) and strategies (the rationales supporting the decisions of risk regulation standards). My thematic analysis reveals four key distinct 'features' of social/economic views of risk: expertise (the types of knowledge mobilised), normality (characterising risk as either 'special' or 'routine'), probability (considering risk as either uncertain or calculable) and impact (seeing risk as either negative or positive). I argue that these four features can help explain the construction of risk conceptions, and more broadly, provide an analytical framework for studying how views of risk evolve and interact over time.

Bruno Latour, a former philosopher who turned to anthropology and sociology, whose work is so much known as controversial, has been developing a radical restatement of contemporary social sciences,with broad consequences for them, and in particular for sociology. Stating that the social does not exist, Latour claims the inclusion as «actants», as well as humans, of all kind of objects. According to Latour, in that way it would not be necessary to appeal to transcendent instances of experience, like huge historical processes, or entities in which a specific agent does not appear. After discovering Gabriel Tarde’s scientific production, who is considered by him as an antecessor of his ideas, Latour has lay down both a critique to the homo economicus, as well as to Marx’s vision on capitalism. This article intends to evaluate those critiques, making each author question the other. / Bruno Latour, filósofo devenido en antropólogo y sociólogo, cuya obra es tan conocida como controversial, viene haciendo un replanteamiento radical de las ciencias sociales, con amplias implicancias para ellas, y muy en particular para la sociología. Sosteniendo que lo social no existe, Latour demanda considerar como «actantes», al igual que los humanos, a todo tipo de objetos. Según él así se evitaría recurrir a toda instancia trascendente a la experiencia, como grandes procesos históricos, o entes donde no aparece un agente específico. Tras su encuentro con la obra de Gabriel Tarde, a quien considera como antecesor de sus propias ideas, ha planteado una crítica tanto al homo economicus como a la visión de Marx sobre el capitalismo. Este trabajo hace un balance de dichas críticas haciendo que cada autor interrogue al otro.

Sociology of dance is an evolving discipline that takes as a central focus the social makeup of dance – the societal structures and individual agency that are inherent within dance activity and practice. Relevant ethnographic literature that adopts particular sociological concepts and models is generally narrow in focus, with attention centred on the frameworks of Pierre Bourdieu and Michel Foucault and the conformation of vocational and professional ballet and contemporary dancer minds and bodies, to particular practice-specific behaviours and beliefs. Through drawing on Erving Goffman's (1959/1990) model of dramaturgy, this interdisciplinary thesis uncovers and interrogates the two-way relationship between sociological micro relations (social interactions), and various types of dance activity and practice. Six case studies undertaken encompass a wide range of dance and social settings; the professional ballet class, inclusive creative dance class, line dancing class, salsa club, Highland dancing class, and dance in primary education. Data was collected through undertaking participant observation (primary method) and qualitative interviews (secondary method): each specific combination was influenced by the reflexive approach followed, the nature and setting of each case study and as researcher, my own dance ability. The transcripts and field notes were analysed and situated within Goffman's (1959/1990) framework to interrogate the social and dance ‘performances' given. The research aims to firstly, uncover and present the nature of the ‘realities' (Goffman, 1959/1990) within each setting and secondly, to interrogate and demonstrate the applicability of the dramaturgical model to dance scholarship. The findings reflect the sociological binary of individual agency and societal structures as realities were shaped by the ‘place' of each dance activity and practice in the field of dance, and challenged, maintained or supported existing dominant perceptions.

This study seeks to examine how Ugandan journalists’ and politicians’ views on journalism professionalisation in Uganda relate to the broad theoretical arguments about professionalism within sociology and media studies. It also seeks to examine how such views impact on the democratic role of the media. The study finds out that there are two sets of distinct ideas on journalism professionalisation. The idea espoused by politicians is statutory professionalisation in which the state plays a major role through regulation and control, hence professionalisation is seen primarily as a control system. On the other hand, journalists perceive professionalisation as nurtured by voluntarily and socially inculcated professional values, hence as a value system. The study however, finds that both sets of understandings have their own complexities. While the statutory approach has complexities like how core elements of professionalism such as professional values can be imposed through legislation, the voluntary approach to professionalism also exhibits tensions within, especially stemming from the relationship between the professional and the news organisation regarding what constitutes professionalism. The study concludes that both sets of ideas have implications for the democratic role of the media, with both perceptions of professionalism curtailing this role. Statutory professionalisation in the Ugandan political context where the state is the dominant institution brings media institutions within its control, which leads to suppression of content of democratic value through a number of means. On the other hand, the self-regulatory perception does not protect media professionalism from the assault of commercial imperatives, especially when fused with state patronage in regard to broadcasting licences and placement of advertising.

The objective of this thesis is to find out the way, how to successfully promote a project which contains all modern technologies called "Smart cities ". The theoretic part is split into two main topics. The first part contains all found information about marketing, Facebook, Instagram. I was describing how the Facebook advertisement works, how to reach the most people etc. The second part is describing, what is the global project called Smart Cities. This thesis describes the concept of a city with 32,000 inhabitants. How does the city promote the concept, what benefits this concept should have for the population, how much money should save? It's also described how the concept will work and cooperate with other European cities and the connection with the rest of the world. The practical part was the population research how they are informed about this project, what they think it should bring and if they see any advantage or disadvantage. The practical part was completed with sociological survey focused on the level of knowledge about this program. The main object was to find the best way how to promote this concept or how to reach the most people.

The dissertation is historical probe into the significant period of the development sociology of leisure (1965-1972) at that time ČSSR, comes from the epoch definitions of the term "leisure", which mutually differ in the attitude, in which is this term delimited, further it contains the then specification and separation of the leisure activities, the characteristics and functions of leisure. The dissertation describes the position and development of sociology as a scientific discipline in the post-war years, presents the knowledge about the most offten themes and methods in sociological research of leisure used during the examining period. The solution for determination of the themes and used methods are particularly the studies of Czech sociologists Disman and Filipcová. Since this is a study which is processed on the department of Pedagogy, the knowledge development of leisure sociology is embed into wider context and one charter is devoted especially to the leisure of the youth. The dissertation in general evaluates the contribution of sociology for the research and pedagogy of leisure in the examining period.

This diploma thesis describes Sudetenland in environmental, economic and sociological view. The main question of this research is if Sudetenland still exist as a marginal area. The theoretical part contains a summary of basic terms, for example amenity migration, a plan of development of a municipality and a coefficient of the ecological stability (KES). It also contains explanation of the word "Sudetenland" as a geographical, socio-economic and histroric-political term and so on the historical consequences, which influenced Sudetenland. The practical part of this diploma thesis is focused on observation the socio-economic behaviour of inhabitants of particular part of the Sudetenland, village Celnice and on a calculation of KES of its cadastral area. This thesis is designed as a case study. It considers the amenity migration as a solution of some socio-economic problems of this area.