Focusing on communication as an important means besides other efforts for conflict resolution in an asymmetric armed conflict in Afghanistan, this study looked for a rhetorical communication approach appropriate to Pashtun tribal setting in South-eastern (Loya Paktya region) Afghanistan. The study explored and found some perceived essentials of such persuasive communication by conducting face-to-face semi-structured in depth interviews with 17 participants. Thematic analysis was used to code and categorize data. Aristotle’s rhetorical theory provided a framework for this qualitative study by narrowing down the focus to exploring credibility of the communicator (ethos), the rationality of the message (logos), and the emotional appeals (pathos), particular for the south-eastern Pashtun tribal setting, during communication. In addition, considering the relation between rhetorical and soft power theories in influencing the choice of an audience, this project also asked participants if and how communication in their tribal setting could be framed as an influencing power by attraction rather than by coercion. Therefore, soft power of which persuasive communication is a crucial part was also used as a theoretical framework for this study. The findings show the significance of persuasive communication in future conflict resolution efforts in Afghanistan.

Focusing on communication as an important means besides other efforts for conflict resolution in an asymmetric armed conflict in Afghanistan, this study looked for a rhetorical communication approach appropriate to Pashtun tribal setting in South-eastern (Loya Paktya region) Afghanistan. The study explored and found some perceived essentials of such persuasive communication by conducting face-to-face semi-structured in depth interviews with 17 participants. Thematic analysis was used to code and categorize data. Aristotle’s rhetorical theory provided a framework for this qualitative study by narrowing down the focus to exploring credibility of the communicator (ethos), the rationality of the message (logos), and the emotional appeals (pathos), particular for the south-eastern Pashtun tribal setting, during communication. In addition, considering the relation between rhetorical and soft power theories in influencing the choice of an audience, this project also asked participants if and how communication in their tribal setting could be framed as an influencing power by attraction rather than by coercion. Therefore, soft power of which persuasive communication is a crucial part was also used as a theoretical framework for this study. The findings show the significance of persuasive communication in future conflict resolution efforts in Afghanistan.

Focusing on communication as an important means besides other efforts for conflict resolution in an asymmetric armed conflict in Afghanistan, this study looked for a rhetorical communication approach appropriate to Pashtun tribal setting in South-eastern (Loya Paktya region) Afghanistan. The study explored and found some perceived essentials of such persuasive communication by conducting face-to-face semi-structured in depth interviews with 17 participants. Thematic analysis was used to code and categorize data. Aristotle’s rhetorical theory provided a framework for this qualitative study by narrowing down the focus to exploring credibility of the communicator (ethos), the rationality of the message (logos), and the emotional appeals (pathos), particular for the south-eastern Pashtun tribal setting, during communication. In addition, considering the relation between rhetorical and soft power theories in influencing the choice of an audience, this project also asked participants if and how communication in their tribal setting could be framed as an influencing power by attraction rather than by coercion. Therefore, soft power of which persuasive communication is a crucial part was also used as a theoretical framework for this study. The findings show the significance of persuasive communication in future conflict resolution efforts in Afghanistan.

Cette recherche analyse la médiation dans la résolution des conflits internationaux, à partir de deux interventions médiatives de Martti Ahtisaari, au milieu des années 2000. Cet ancien secrétaire général-adjoint des Nations unies, ancien président finlandais, prix Nobel de la paix 2008, se voit comme l'homme du centre et non l'homme du milieu. Il se perçoit intimement comme l'homme-de de la paix, son véritable co-décideur. Cette étude dévoile sa coulisse médiative selon une approche empruntée à E. Goffman. Ce travail s'appuie sur une trentaine d'entretiens, réalisées avec des personnalités impliqués dans le deux médiations. Notre approche donne la parole aux «adversaires médiatifs» du célèbre finlandais sous-représentés dans la littérature disponible, à l'instar de l'expert australien Damien Kingsbury. Nous avons aussi mobilisé des images animées ou fixes ; certaines sont inédites. La thèse examine les rapports entre médiation et négociation, via le rôle de divers acteurs internationaux, comme le ONG, l'UE, les États-Unis et l'ONU. / This research analyzes mediation in the resolution of international conflicts, based on two mediation processes run by Martti Ahtisaari in the mid of 2000s. This former Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations, former Finnish President, Nobel Peace Prize 2008 sees himself as the center man and not the middle man. Equally, he is convinced that he is the key man of peace and remains its true co-decision-maker. This study reveals its mediation slide based on an approach borrowed from E. Goffman. This work is based on some thirty interviews, made with personalities involved in bath mediation processes. Our approach also gives voice to the famous "Finnish mediative opponents", who are underrepresented in the available literature, such as the Australian expert Damien Kingsbury. We also mobilized moving or fixed images; some of which are unpublished. The thesis examines the relationship between mediation and negotiation, throughout the role of various international actors such as NGOs, the EU, the United States and the UN.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-04-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:57:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 galdioli_as_me_mar.pdf: 483192 bytes, checksum: ba0c3d7f9debaa0778991f6e5e074b55 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A Política da Boa Vizinhança, lançada no governo Presidente Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933-1945), sinaliza uma reorientação da política externa norte-americana para a América Latina. A postura agressiva dos Estados Unidos em suas relações com a região sul do continente americano desde o início do século XX mostrou-se contraproducente aos objetivos norte-americanos naquela área, especialmente considerando-se a crescente influência que a Alemanha nazista exercia entre os latinoamericanos. Nesse contexto, tomamos o caso brasileiro para demonstrar de que forma os Estados Unidos abandonam uma postura diplomática baseada no hard power (poder duro) e adotaram uma linha mais soft (branda) em sua política externa para a América Latina. Nesse sentido, busca-se, por meio desta pesquisa, apresentar a cultura norteamericana como um instrumento de poder dos Estados Unidos em suas relações com o Brasil à época da Segunda Guerra Mundial. / The Good Neighbor’s Policy, released in Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s government (1933-1945), sinalizes a new orientation in North American foreign policy for Latin America. The aggressive posture of the United States, used in its relations with South America since the beginning of the twentieth century, was considered contraproducent to the American objectives in the area, especially considering the rising influence of the Nazi Germany among Latin Americans. In this context, we take the case of Brazil to show how the United States abandoned a diplomatic posture based on its hard power and adopted a softer line in its foreign policy for Latin America. In this way, this research aims to present the North American culture as an instrument of the United States powers in its relations with Brazil in the epoch of Second World War.

Desde o início do século XX a música brasileira tem sido palco de discussões e negociações sobre a identidade nacional. Em diferentes momentos históricos, tensões ideológicas e projetos identitários produziram usos variados dos idiomas português e inglês, refletindo correntes de nacionalismo acirrado e outras vezes de abertura à influência estrangeira. No decorrer do século XX, a música tornou-se uma das mais importantes manifestações artísticas brasileiras no mundo e um instrumento de difusão de nossa língua e cultura. Os mitos nacionais que se formaram ao longo de nossa história e que resultaram no atual imaginário do Brasil acabaram por gerar utopias que foram e são de interesse mundial. A música é, ainda hoje, vista como ferramenta para o aumento do poder brando do Brasil. Vemos aqui como os usos do par de idiomas português-inglês foi utilizado de forma a retratar o jogo de poder e as tensões identitárias junto ao público estrangeiro. As traduções de canções brasileiras, a criação de versões bilíngues como meio de divulgar a diversidade cultural brasileira, assim como o papel de mediadores culturais e seu potencial de transformação das relações com o estrangeiro, também são discutidos neste trabalho / Since the early 20th century, Brazilian music has been the stage for discussions and negotiations on national identity. At different historical moments, ideological tensions and identity projects produced different uses of the Portuguese and English languages in music, either reflecting a fierce nationalism or else some openness to the influence of the foreign other. Along the 20th century, Brazilian music became one of the most important artistic manifestations in the world and an instrument for the dissemination of our language and culture. Brazilian national myths generated throughout history and that contribute to the current image of Brazil, also helped create utopias that were and still are of global interest. Music is seen today, as a tool for increasing Brazilian soft power. This thesis draws on how Portuguese and English have been used in order to portray the power play and identity tensions with the foreign public. Translations of Brazilian songs, the creation of bilingual versions, the promotion of Brazilian cultural diversity, as well as the role of cultural mediators and the potential for transformation of foreign relations, are also discussed in this work

It has been proven that the burgeoning power of the EU is not negligible. However, it is still debatable whether the EU acts as a smart power in its external human rights policy. Through Joseph Nye's theory of hard, soft, and smart power, this thesis will offer a critical understanding of a wide range of factors which merits the EU's role as a smart power. The contemporary history of Belarus also illustrates that the political, economic, and cultural endeavours of the EU reveal the institution's role as a smart power. Within the theoretical framework predicated on Nye's theory on the aforementioned powers, the EU-Belarus relations will be be analysed in order to lay bare the power of the EU and to shed light on the significance of human rights in the EU policies.

Focusing on communication as an important means besides other efforts for conflict resolution in an asymmetric armed conflict in Afghanistan, this study looked for a rhetorical communication approach appropriate to Pashtun tribal setting in South-eastern (Loya Paktya region) Afghanistan. The study explored and found some perceived essentials of such persuasive communication by conducting face-to-face semi-structured in depth interviews with 17 participants. Thematic analysis was used to code and categorize data. Aristotle’s rhetorical theory provided a framework for this qualitative study by narrowing down the focus to exploring credibility of the communicator (ethos), the rationality of the message (logos), and the emotional appeals (pathos), particular for the south-eastern Pashtun tribal setting, during communication. In addition, considering the relation between rhetorical and soft power theories in influencing the choice of an audience, this project also asked participants if and how communication in their tribal setting could be framed as an influencing power by attraction rather than by coercion. Therefore, soft power of which persuasive communication is a crucial part was also used as a theoretical framework for this study. The findings show the significance of persuasive communication in future conflict resolution efforts in Afghanistan.

Within the context of the foreign policy of the People's Republic of China, one hears frequently about Chinese "soft power". This work deals with Chinese soft power in three Asian subregions - Southeast Asia, Japan & South Korea and Central Asia - in order to verify to what extent can soft power be regarded a universal approach in Chinese foreign policy. After introducing the concept of soft power this work is aiming to explain the characteristics of Chinese soft power, define the potentials and limits of Chinese soft power resources and explain how soft power corresponds with China's general strategy of foreign policy. In order to create an image of Chinese soft power in each of the three subregions, I define the key soft power tools according to which I measure Chinese soft power: Bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, promotion of culture and language (mainly through Confucius institutes), education of foreign students at Chinese universities and foreign aid. The rest of work is an analysis of employment of these tools in the respective subregions.

The diploma thesis is focused on defining the place of cultural diplomacy and concepts of soft power and nation branding in the foreign policy of the Russian Federation, as since the end of the Cold War importance of culture and cultural diplomacy in international relations has started to grow. It analyses the question whether cultural diplomacy as part of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation contributes to increase attractiveness and positive image abroad. To determine positives, negatives and exploit the potential, SWOT analysis was applied. In the case study the position of Slovakia in the cultural diplomacy of the Russian Federation with regard to problem areas of cooperation is defined. It also includes analysis of the activity, its results and major projects of the Russian Centre of Science and Culture in Bratislava.