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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
271

Sensibilidade da primeira soca da cana-de-açúcar ao excesso de água no solo / First leaf of sugar cane sensitivity to soil

Kelly Tagianne Santos de Souza 10 February 2011 (has links)
A expansão do cultivo da cana-de-açúcar irá promover a incorporação de novas áreas ao processo produtivo e, neste processo, áreas com problemas de drenagem possivelmente serão utilizadas. Para o bom aproveitamento destas áreas, o dimensionamento correto de sistemas de drenagem é importante. No dimensionamento racional em regime não permanente, é necessário se conhecer a velocidade mínima de rebaixamento do lençol freático a ser proporcionado pelos drenos, o que depende da sensibilidade de cada cultura. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivos determinar o efeito de diferentes velocidades de rebaixamento do nível freático, em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento, da primeira soca da cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi conduzido em 64 lisímetros de lençol freático, em um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, arranjado em um fatorial de (3 x 5 + 1) x 4, sendo 3 estádios de desenvolvimento, 5 velocidades de rebaixamento do nível freático, mais uma testemunha que não sofreu estresse por excesso de umidade, com 4 repetições. A primeira soca da cana-de-açúcar mostrou-se resistente ao encharcamento do solo nos diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento da cultura e para as diferentes velocidades de rebaixamento do nível freático, sem maiores prejuízos no desenvolvimento da planta e perdas de produtividade, entretanto para a variável ATR (açúcar teórico recuperável) a cana-soca apresentou-se mais sensível quando a inundação ocorrera no estádio de rebrota. A condição de inundação não alterou o pH solo. / The expansion of sugar cane cultivation will promote the incorporation of new areas in the process, and in this process, areas with drainage problems possibly artificial drainage maybe used. For the proper use of these areas the correct drainage design of the systems is important. For the non-permanent rational design, it is necessary to determine the minimum speed of lowering the water table to be provided by the drains, which depends on the sensitivity of each culture. This work aims to determine the effect of different speeds of lowering the water table at different stages of development of first ratoon of sugar cane. The experiment was conducted in 64 lysimeters the water table in a randomized block design, arranged in a factorial (3 x 5 + 1) x 4, with 3 stages of development, 5-speed to lower the water table and a treatment who will not suffer stress by excessive moisture. The first sugar cane re-sprout has presented endurance to the soil flooding at the different culture stages and to the different lowering water table speeds, without higher damages to the vegetable development or even farm productivity, but according to the ATR variable, the sugar cane ratoon has shown more sensitive when the flooding has happened at the re-sprouting stage. It was conclude that none of the speeds of lowering tested at the 3 stages reduced yield. The flooding conditions did not affect soil pH.
272

Irrigação, balanço hídrico climatológico e uso eficiente da água na cultura de café / Irrigation, climatological water balance and water efficient use on the coffee crop

Hudson de Paula Carvalho 23 April 2008 (has links)
Uma das tecnologias mais adotadas pelos produtores, principalmente os que têm suas lavouras situadas em região de cerrado, é a irrigação. No entanto, ainda não existe consenso sobre o manejo dessa irrigação, principalmente, com relação à quantidade de água a aplicar e na freqüência da irrigação. Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar a influência da irrigação por gotejamento quando manejada o ano inteiro, e quando submetida à suspensão ou repouso durante os meses de julho e agosto, nas características produtivas (produtividade e renda) e de crescimento (altura e diâmetros da copa e do caule) e na qualidade física e da bebida de café. Além disso, foram testados modelos matemáticos com a finalidade de identificar aquele que melhor descreve o desempenho das plantas. Não obstante, foi efetuado o balanço hídrico climatológico diário da cultura de café e alguns índices de eficiência de uso de água. O experimento foi delineado em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e onze tratamentos, sendo esses compostos por plantas irrigadas o ano inteiro e plantas submetidas à suspensão da irrigação durante os meses de julho e agosto, além da testemunha que não foi irrigada. As lâminas de irrigação foram obtidas com base na porcentagem da evaporação da água do tanque classe A de 40%, 80%, 120%, 160% e 200%. A coleta de dados começou em julho de 2003 e se estendeu por três anos, finalizando em maio de 2006. Conclui-se que a renda e a qualidade da bebida de café não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos; a suspensão da irrigação durante os meses de julho e agosto melhorou sobremaneira a qualidade física do café, porém, a produtividade foi drasticamente diminuída; dentre os tratamentos submetidos ao repouso, a utilização de 80% da evaporação da água do tanque classe A promoveu a melhor combinação entre qualidade física dos grãos e produtividade; A lâmina de irrigação de 80% da evaporação da água do tanque classe A, manejada durante todo o ano, promoveu a maior produtividade média e o maior índice de eficiência no uso da água; os modelos de regressão polinomial de terceiro e segundo graus e raiz quadrada, representaram de forma satisfatória o desempenho produtivo da cultura de café em função da quantidade de água aplicada, porém o primeiro apresentou maior coeficiente de correlação; os piores resultados para altura das plantas foram aqueles proporcionados pelos tratamentos Testemunha, 40% da ECA irrigado o ano inteiro, e 40% e 120% da ECA com suspensão da irrigação em julho e agosto; para o diâmetro da copa e do caule, os piores resultados foram proporcionados pelos tratamentos Testemunha e 40% da ECA irrigado o ano inteiro; a maior eficiência no uso da água de irrigação foi conseguida pela lâmina de 40% da ECA com suspensão em julho e agosto, porém, houve diminuição na produtividade em 38,3%; o armazenamento efetivo da água do solo para o tratamento Testemunha sofreu muita variação ao longo dos anos avaliados, permanecendo abaixo de 30% no mês de setembro; nos tratamentos com suspensão na irrigação, o armazenamento efetivo da água no solo ficou abaixo de 50% no mês de agosto, por outro lado, naqueles onde a irrigação foi realizada o ano todo o armazenamento permaneceu acima de 90%, com exceção do tratamento 40%, onde o armazenamento chegou a 75% em maio de 2006. / One of the most often adopted technologies by farmers, especially those who grow their crops in the savannas, is irrigation. However, there is no consensus about this irrigation management, mostly in relation to the water volume and irrigation frequency. This study analyzed the effect of drip irrigation managed throughout the year, and when subject to suspension or fallowing in the months of July and August, on the production (yield and recovery), on growth (height and canopy and stem diameters) characteristics and on coffee physical and beverage qualities. Moreover, mathematical models were tested to identify those that best describe plant performance. Daily coffee climatological hydric balance and some efficacy indices on water use were also calculated. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four repetitions and eleven treatments, which were composed by plants irrigated throughout the year, and plants subjected to irrigation suspension in the months of July and August, besides a non irrigated control. Water irrigation blades were obtained based on evaporation of the class A pan at 40%, 80%, 120%, 160% and 200%. Data collection started on July 2003 and extended for three years, ending on May 2006. It was concluded that recovery and coffee beverage quality were not affected by the treatments; suspending irrigation in July and August improved greatly coffee physical quality; however, yield decreased drastically; among the treatments subjected to fallowing, the one at 80% evaporation of class A pan, gave the best combination between cherry physical quality and yield; the irrigation blade of 80% evaporation of class A pan, managed throughout the year, gave the best average yield and the greatest water use efficacy index; the polynomial regression model of third and second degrees and the square root, represented well the yield performance of coffee as a function of water amount applied; however, the first one presented a greater correlation coefficient; the worst results of plant height were those given by the treatments non irrigated control, 40% ECA irrigated throughout the year and 40% and 120% ECA with irrigation fallowing in July and August; the worst results for canopy and stem diameters were given by the treatments non irrigated control and 40% ECA irrigated throughout the year; the greatest irrigation water use efficacy was obtained with the blade of 40% ECA with fallowing in July and August; however, there was a 38.3% decrease in yield; effective water holding in the soil for the non irrigated control varied greatly throughout the evaluation years, remaining below 30% in September; in the treatments with irrigation fallowing, effective water holding remained below 50 in August, in contrast, in those with irrigation throughout the year, water holding remained above 90% with the exception of the treatment with 40% ECA, where water holding reached 75% in May 2006.
273

Avaliação da ocorrência de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. e cistos de Giardia spp. em amostras de água superficial e da interface sedimento-água do Rio Capivari, na cidade de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil / Evalution of the occurrence of the Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and Giardia spp. cysts fresh water samples and of the sediment-water interface from Capivari River in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

Barros Júnior, Antônio de Lima, 1973- 20 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Regina Maura Bueno Franco, Romeu Cantusio Neto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T10:40:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BarrosJunior_AntoniodeLima_M.pdf: 1672242 bytes, checksum: 0bd26a05a56bc387ae7abcdcf5d0c478 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Os protozoários patogênicos gastrointestinais, Cryptosporidium spp. e Giardia spp. estão amplamente presentes em ambientes aquáticos e suas formas infectantes (oocistos e cistos), são resistentes às condições ambientais (temperatura e radiação solar) e ao processo de desinfecção da água (principalmente à cloração). Inúmeros surtos de gastroenterite foram causados por estes organismos devido à veiculação hídrica, sendo que estes protozoários patogênicos tornaram-se uma preocupação constante para os sistemas produtores de água. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: verificar a ocorrência de cistos de Giardia spp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. em amostras de água do rio Capivari em dois pontos, identificados como CAP1 (localizado na estação de tratamento de água ETA Capivari) e CAP2 (à montante da mesma estação), avaliar a interface sedimento-água no ponto CAP1, com periodicidade mensal de agosto 2009 à Janeiro 2011, avaliar a qualidade da água mediante análise microbiológica e físico-química deste manancial. Para os ensaios parasitológicos, foi empregada a técnica de filtração em membrana de acordo com Franco et al., (2001) e visualização mediante reação de imunofluorescência direta (RID) com anticorpos monoclonais comerciais para visualização de cistos e oocistos; para ensaios microbiológicos visando a detecção de coliformes termotolerantes, utilizou-se a técnica de tubos múltiplos de acordo com os procedimentos descritos no STANDARD METHODS 21a edição (APHA, AWWA, WEF, 2005). As análises das amostras da Interface sedimento-água foram processadas pela técnica de centrífugo-concentração através da metodologia que emprega desagregação química acrescida de desagregação físico-química por ultrassom. Ao todo, 36 amostras de água bruta superficial e 18 amostras da interface sedimento-água foram coletadas. Nos pontos CAP1 e CAP2, cistos de Giardia spp. foram detectados em 94,1 % e 100,0 % das amostras, respectivamente; na interface sedimento-água 94,5 % das amostras foram positivas para cistos de Giardia spp. Oocistos de Cryptosporidium foram detectados no ponto CAP1 em 6,6 % das amostras, em 13,3 % das amostras no ponto Cap2 e em 16,6 % das amostras da interface sedimento-água durante toda a pesquisa. Ambos os protozoários foram detectados nas diferentes amostras do rio Capivari / Abstract: The gastrointestinal pathogenic protozoa Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. are ubiquitous in aquatic environment and their infectious forms (cysts and oocysts) are resistant to environmental conditions (temperature and solar radiation) and the water disinfection process (mainly chlorination). Numerous outbreaks of gastroenteritis were caused by these organisms due to waterborne transmission and these parasitic protozoa have become a constant concern for systems producing water. The aims of this research were: to investigate the occurrence of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in water samples of Capivari River in two sites identified as CAP1 ( in the plant of water treatment named ETA Capivari) and CAP2 (upstream from the same plant); to evaluate the sediment-water interface in site CAP1, from august 2009 to january 2011, to assess water quality of this source by microbiological and physical-chemical analysis. For parasitological assays, the membrane filter technique according to Franco et al. (2001) was employed followed by visualization by direct immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with commercial monoclonal antibody kit for enumerating cysts and oocysts. For microbiological tests aiming the detection of thermo tolerant coliforms, multiple tubes technique was used according to the procedures described in STANDARD METHODS 21a edition (APHA, AWWA, WEF, 2005). The analysis of the sediment-water interface samples were made by centrifugation and concentration technique through the methodology that uses chemical disaggregation followed by physical-chemical disaggregation using ultrasonic equipment. 36 fresh water samples and 18 sediment-water interface samples were collected. In CAP1 and CAP2 sites, cysts of Giardia were detected in 94,1 % and 100% of the samples, respectively; in sediment-water interface, 94,5 % of the samples presented Giardia cysts. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 6,6 % of the samples from CAP1 site, in 13,3 % samples from CAP2 site and in 16,6 % of the samples from sediment-water interface during all the research. Both protozoa were detected in different samples of the Capivari river / Mestrado / Parasitologia / Mestre em Parasitologia
274

Transport of organic chlorine through soil : A study of organic chlorine in soil water from a catchment in northern Sweden

Söderholm, Simon, Karlsson, Rebecka January 2008 (has links)
Chlorine is an element commonly found in the environment of our planet, in the atmosphere, the earth crust and the oceans. Chlorine occurs in two forms, inorganic chloride (Clin) and organically bound chlorine (Clorg), also called organochlorine. For a long time, the organic halogens (among them the organic chlorine) had been considered as produced only by human activities. However, the research of the recent decades suggests a considerably amount of naturally produced organic chlorine in soil and water. Through the research, a hypothesis have emerged, suggesting that there occur a formation of organic chlorine in the top soil layer where chloride is consuming, while the organic chlorine is degrading on deeper soil levels, causing a release of chloride. The study in this thesis attempts to explore the transportation of organic chlorine through soil. 49 soil water samples were collected at three transects, S04, S12 and S22, nearby a stream in northern Sweden and analysed for Clorg, using an AOX-analyser. The results suggest a decrease in concentrations of Clorg by soil depth for transects S04 and S12. The study also indicates that concentrations of Clorg are decreasing with increasing distance from the stream, where the highest mean concentration was found in the organic matter-rich riparian transect S04. Further conclusions are that the spring flood and changes in groundwater level may influence the concentrations of Clorg. / Ämnet klor är vanligt förekommande på vår planet och finns både i atmosfären, jordskorpan och världens oceaner. Klor uppträder i två olika former: oorganisk klorid (Clin) och organiskt bundet klor (Clorg). De organiska halogenerna (bland vilka organiskt klor ingår) har under lång tid ansetts härstamma från enbart antropogena källor. De senaste decenniernas forskning har dock tytt på en naturlig produktion av organiskt klor i mark och vatten. Genom denna forskning har en hypotes tagit form som föreslår en bildning av organiskt klor i de övre marklagren, där klorid binds, medan det i djupare marklager sker en nedbrytning av det organiska kloret vilket medför ett frigörande av klorid. Denna studie syftar till att studera transporten av organiskt klor genom mark. 49 stycken markvattenprover insamlades vid tre provpunkter (S04, S12 och S22) på ett avrinningsområde i norra Sverige och analyserades med hjälp av ett AOX-instrument. Resultaten tyder på en minskning av Clorg med ökande markdjup för provpunkterna S04 och S12. Studien visar även en minskning i koncentration av organiskt klor med ökande avstånd till vattendraget, där den högsta medelkoncentrationen återfanns i provpunkten S04 som ligger nära bäcken och är rik på organiskt material. Vidare slutsater är att vattenflödena under vårflod samt variasionen i grundvattennivå har en påverkan på koncentrationerna av Clorg.
275

SIMANIHOT: UM MODELO DE SIMULAÇÃO DA CULTURA DA MANDIOCA E SUA APLICAÇÃO EM CLIMA FUTURO NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL / SIMANIHOT: A SIMULATION MODEL OF CASSAVA AND ITS APPLICATION IN FUTURE CLIMATE FOR THE RIO GRANDE DO SUL

Tironi, Luana Fernandes 01 March 2016 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Crop models are tools that can help to assist in decision making on crops management and also in studies of the impact of future climate scenarios. The objectives of this thesis were (i) to develop a cassava simulation model that takes into account the effects of soil moisture and CO2 concentration on growth, development and tuber yield, and (ii) to simulate cassava yield in future climate scenarios for the Rio grande do Sul State. Model calibration was performed with data collected from experiments conducted in Santa Maria in crop year 2010-2011 and 2013-2014. The evaluation of themodel was performed with independent data from experiments conducted in Santa Maria during the 2011-2012, 2012-2013, 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 gowing seasons and with data collected in a commercial farm in Vera-Cruz during the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 growing seasons. The two soil water balance models used were Thornthwaite and Mather model and the Ritchie model. The response function to CO2 was calibrated from free air CO2 enrichment experiments. A graphical interface was written in Java, and the source code was written in FORTRAN. The climate change scenarios used in this study are the scenario SRES A1B (Cmip3) of the 4th IPCC report and the RCP4.5 (Cmip5) of the 5th IPCC report. This study allowed the calibration of different processes of growth and development for cultivars Fepagro - RS 14, Estrangeira, Cascuda, São José e Paraguaia with no limitation by water. It was possible to include two soil water balance sub-models, and a CO2 response function that was incorporated into the Simanihot model to be used in climate change scenarios for the Rio Grande do Sul. A cassava simulator called Simanihot with all these simulation options was developed and made available at the official web site of the simulator (www.ufsm.br/simanihot). From the simulations wit the two future climate scenarios, the results show an increasing trend of cassava productivity for the state of Rio Grande do Sul of up to 30 t ha-1, depending on the cultivar, scenario and planting date. Increase trends in yield were smaller for the Cmip5 compared to the Cmip3 for the cultivar Estrangeira and the opposite for the cultivar Fepagro - RS 13. In the three analyzed future periods (2010-2039, 2040-2069 and 2070-2099), changes in yield were steadly, being the higherstin the last future period (2070-2099), and among the planting dates, always higher in dates of 01/09 and 01/10. The region of te Rio grande do Sul State with greater changes in tuber yield is the northeast reagion, where currently is the coldest region in the State. / Modelos de culturas agrícolas são ferramentas que auxilias na tomada de decisões referentes ao manejo da cultura e também no estudo dos impactos de cenários climáticos futuros. Os objetivos desta tese foram (i) desenvolver um modelo de simulação da cultura da mandioca que considere o efeito da umidade do solo e da concentração de CO2 sobre o crescimento, desenvolvimento e produtividade de raízes tuberosas e (ii) simular a produtividade de mandioca em cenários climáticos futuros para o Rio Grande do Sul. A calibração foi realizada com dados coletados a partir de experimentos conduzidos em Santa Maria no ano agrícola 2010-2011 e 2013-2014. A avaliação do modelo foi realizada com dados independentes de experimentos em Santa Maria nos anos agrícolas 2011-2012, 2012-2013, 2013-2014 e 2014-2015 e com dados coletados em lavoura comercial em Vera-Cruz no ano agrícola 2013-2014 e 2014-2015. Os dois modelos de balanço hídrico do solo utilizados foram de Thornthwaite e Mather e de Ritchie. A função de resposta à CO2 foi calibrada a partir de trabalhos realizados em experimentos à campo de enriquecimento de CO2. A interface gráfica do modelo foi realizada em Java, e o código do modelo Simanihot foi escrito em linguagem FORTRAN. Os cenários de mudança climática utilizados neste estudo são o cenário SRES A1B (Cmip3) do 4º relatório do IPCC e o RCP4.5 (Cmip5) do 5º relatório do IPCC. Esse trabalho permitiu a calibração dos diferentes processos de crescimento e desenvolvimento para as cultivares Fepagro RS 14, Estrangeira, Cascuda, São José e Paraguaia na condição sem limitação por água. A partir dos estudos e experimentos realizados foi possível incluir dois submodelos de balanço hídrico no solo no modelo Simanihot, e foi criada uma função de resposta a CO2 e incluida no modelo Simanihot para ser usado nos cenários de mudança climática para o Rio Grande do Sul. Um simulador da cultura da mandioca denominado Simanihot, calibrado para seis cultivares, com duas opções de modelo de balanço hídrico e sensível a mudanças na concentração de CO2 na atmosfera foi construído e disponibilizado no site oficial do simulador (www.ufsm.br/simanihot). A partir das simulações realizadas com dois cenários climáticos futuros distintos (Cmip3 e Cmip5), os resultados indicam uma perspectiva de aumento da produtividade de mandioca para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com incremento na produtividade de raízes tuberosas de mandioca de até 30 t ha-1, dependendo da cultivar, cenário e época de plantio. As mudanças nas produtividades no cenário Cmip5 foram menores quando comparadas com o cenário Cmip3 na cultivar Estrangeira e maiores na cultivar Fepagro RS 13. Nos três períodos futuros analisados (2010-2039, 2040-2069 e 2070-2099), de uma maneira geral, as mudanças na produtividade foram aumentando gradativamente, sendo maiores no último período futuro (2070-2099), e entre as datas de plantio, sempre maiores nas datas de 01/09 e 01/10. A região do Rio Grande do Sul com maiores mudanças na produtividade é a região nordeste, região que no clima atual é a mais fria do Estado.
276

Sorption of perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkylated substances (PFASs) in the subsurface of an industrial site in Sweden / Sorption av perfluorerade och polyfluorerade alkylsubstanser (PFAS) inom ett industriområde i Sverige

Sköld, Carl January 2019 (has links)
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of emerging chemicals which havereceived increasing attention due to their toxicity, persistent properties, and global distribution.In this study, sorption coefficients (Kd and KOC) of PFASs in an industrial site in Sweden wereevaluated. Sorption is a measures of the mobility of a substance in the subsurface, and is a keyfactor in environmental risk assessments. Sorption coefficients were calculated both from fieldsamples processed in laboratory batch tests, and from a simplified approach involving the totalconcentrations in soil and groundwater (field-derived). Soil was sampled from two locations ofthe site; C8 and M6. Field-derived values were calculated based on concentrations which werehistorically measured. The aim was to compare the two methods, and to compare the valueswith literature values as well as guideline sorption values established by the SwedishGeotechnical Institute (SGI). Sorption coefficients for PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFHxS, PFOS, 6:2 FTS and PFBS could beestablished. Results showed that laboratory-derived sorption coefficients were significantlyhigher than field-derived sorption coefficients. Laboratory-derived sorption values were alsohigher than to SGI’s preliminary sorption values. Comparing C8 and M6 KOC values toliterature values, PFHpA, PFHxA, and PFBS exhibit values above literature values. PFOA,PFHxS, PFOS exhibit KOC values within the range of literature values. According to thesorption coefficients, predictive scenarios of leaching through the unsaturated zone weremodelled, and it was concluded that leaching was higher in M6 compared to C8. The resultsalso showed that an increase in precipitation increased the leaching. / Per- och polyfluorerade alkylsubstanser (PFAS) är en grupp nyligen uppkomna kemikalier somhar fått ökad uppmärksamhet pga. deras toxicitet, ihärdiga egenskaper och globala utbredning.Detta examensarbete har studerat fördelningskoefficienter (Kd och KOC) för PFAS inom ettindustriområde i Sverige. Fördelningskoefficienter är ett mått på mobilitet av en substans iunderjorden, och det är en viktig komponent i riskbedömningar inom förorenad mark.Fördelningskoefficienter beräknades dels utifrån jordprover som tagits i fält och analyserats ilaboratorium med extraktionsmetoder, och dels utifrån ett förenklat tillvägagångssätt därberäkning skett med hjälp av tidigare uppmätta koncentrationer i jord och grundvatten.Jordprover från två områden inom industriområdet; C8 och M6, togs och analyserades.Fältbaserade fördelningskoefficienter beräknades utifrån koncentrationer som tidigare mättsvid brunnsinstallation och vid grundvattenövervakning. Målet med studien var att jämföra detvå metoderna, och dessutom jämföra fördelningskoefficienterna med motsvarande i värdenlitteraturen samt riktvärden för fördelningskoefficienter som Statens Geotekniska Institutet(SGI) arbetet fram. Fördelningskoefficienter för PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFHxS, PFOS, 6:2 FTS and PFBS kundeberäknas. Resultatet visade att laboratorie-baserade fördelningskoefficienter var betydligthögre än fältbaserade fördelningskoefficienter. Laboratorie-baserade fördelningskoefficientervar även högre än de preliminära riktvärden för fördelningskoefficienter som SGI etablerat. Vidjämförelse av fördelningskoefficienter för C8 och M6 kunde det konstateras att PFHpA,PFHxA, and PFBS hade högre värden än motsvarande i litteraturen. PFOA, PFHxS, PFOSvisade på värden som var inom intervallet av värdena från litteraturen. Med hjälp av deberäknade fördelningskoefficienterna modellerades prediktiva utlaknings-scenarier. Utifrånresultatet sker utlakningen i större grad i M6 jämfört med C8. Utlakningen ökade även vidförhöjd nederbörd.
277

A Local Discontinuous Galerkin Dual-Time Richards' Equation Solution and Analysis on Dual-Time Stability and Convergence

Xiao, Yilong January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
278

Multiphysics Simulation and Innovative Characterization of Freezing Soils

Liu, Zhen 08 March 2013 (has links)
No description available.
279

Evaluating Five Years of Soil Hydrologic Response Following the 2009 Lockheed Fire in the Coastal Santa Cruz Mountains of California

Crable, Mary Theresa 01 December 2014 (has links) (PDF)
The Lockheed Fire burned 31 km2 (7,660 acres) of the Scotts Creek watershed in August 2009. 4.5 km2 (1,100 acres) of California Polytechnic State University’s educational and research facility at Swanton Pacific Ranch. The burned region presented an opportunity for studying the hydrologic response of burned soils in the Santa Cruz Mountains where there is insufficient post-fire studies regarding fire-effects on watershed processes such as infiltration and near-surface runoff. Soil infiltration and soil water repellency were evaluated with rainfall simulations, Mini-disk Infiltrometer (MDI) and water drop penetration time tests (WDPT) at sites represented by variations in burn severity, soils, and vegetation types throughout the Scotts Creek watershed each year for 5 years following the burn. Mixed-effects modeling was utilized on the 3 datasets to evaluate if changes could be detected in infiltration rates and water repellency following the fire. Rainfall simulations and WDPT tests showed that the fire did not have a statistically-significant impact on infiltration rates or soil water repellency, whereas the MDI tests detected a statistically-significant impact on post-fire infiltration. While the MDI results showed that fire had a significant impact on the hydrologic response over time, questions arose regarding challenges associated with sampling suggesting the method may not be pursued on steep slopes with high surface rock fragments or in the presence of large soil macropores. It is recognized that additional understanding would be gained from having multiple replications at each site every year and tests could be conducted on a subwatershed scale to account for the naturally occurring variability of larger watersheds.
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Developing an Efficient Cover Cropping System for Maximum Nitrogen Recovery in Massachusetts

Farsad, Ali 13 May 2011 (has links)
Time of planting plays a critical role in nitrogen (N) uptake by rye cover crop (CC). Even a few days of delay in planting can severely decrease CC performance. Evaluating the amount of N accumulation related to time of planting is critical to the farmer who has to optimize the winter rye planting date based on completion of corn harvest, suitable weather conditions and time availability for fall manure application. Winter rye cover crop was planted at 6 planting dates in fall from mid August to early October at weekly intervals from 2004 to 2009. The results suggest that delay from critical planting date (CPD) will decrease rye N uptake dramatically. Suggested CPDs for northwest parts of Massachusetts are not applicable because they are too early (third to fourth week of August). CPDs for central parts of the State are from first to second week of September. Farmers in these zones can take advantage of cover crop by a better time management and planting no later than vii CPD. In Eastern areas of Massachusetts CPD is the third week of September. By evaluating the effect of planting date on rye growth and N accumulation throughout the State, this model provides a powerful decision making tool for increasing N recovery and reducing nutrient leaching. Sixteen units of cost effective and accurate automated lysimeters were designed and installed to measure post-harvest nitrate leaching from a rye cover crop field during the falls and winters of 2007 to 2009. The electronic system was designed to monitor soil tension and apply the equal amount of suction to the sampling media. Hourly data from soil tension and vacuum applied to the system were collected and stored by each unit. A safety system was designed for protecting vacuum pump against unexpected major vacuum leakage events. The controller can be easily reprogrammed for different performance strategies. Other major parts of lysimeter included the power supply systems, vacuum pump, vacuum tanks, sampling jars, suction cups and plates, and electronic valves. The electronic system showed a very reliable and accurate performance in the field condition.

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