Objective: The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of warm ischemia on renal function. Methods: Within a multicentric study, the data about tumor-affected solitary kidney were obtained from 9 urological centers in the Czech Republic. Patients were divided into groups according to the WIT (warm ischemia time). In each group the mean preoperative serum creatinine was determined, as well as on 3rd and 7th postoperative day and the lowest GF postoperatively. In each group the mean R.E.N.A.L. nephrometric score was determined. Results: The study compriese data totally of 97 patients. The open approach was chosen in 78 cases, in 16 cases laparoscopic approach was chosen. The robotic surgery was performed in 3 patients. PN with zero ischemia was performed in 29 patients (30%). Conclusion: Our findings confirm that non-clamping partial nephrectomy in a solitary kidney minimizes renal injury. For the non-clamping partial nephrectomy can be mainly indicated smaller exophyticall tumors without deep parenchymal invasion. Unfortunately, most of PN should be performed with vascular clamping, allowing precise closure of collecting system, vascular and parenchymal defect, especially for larger tumors with deep parenchymal invasion. According to our observation that WIT of 15 minutes for a kidney is safe. Clamping of...

This thesis is a contribution to understanding of predisposition of solitary Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) to bark beetle (Ips typographus (L.)) attack. The predisposition is estimated from long term effects of multiple stress, which are determined by tree crown transformation. By virtue of created model, it was documented that some environmental variables could have considerable effect on tree crown transformation. Tree crown transformation is generally considered a mirror of spruce health status.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a abundÃncia, diversidade e frequÃncia das abelhas visitantes florais em Ãreas de cultivo de cajueiro comercial prÃximo e longe de mata nativa. A pesquisa foi realizada de agosto a novembro de 2012, em pomares comerciais no municÃpio de Horizonte, CearÃ. A metodologia constou na marcaÃÃo de cinco diferentes gradientes de distÃncia (40m, 80m, 120m, 160m e 200m) da mata nativa em 10 Ãreas de cultivo de cajueiro anÃo precoce para a contagem e registro dos visitantes florais observados em 500 panÃculas durante o percurso de transectos realizado em seis horÃrios distintos (7h, 9h, 11h, 13h, 15h e 17h) a cada 15 dias . AlÃm disso, eram realizadas coletas com rede entomolÃgica em seis Ãrvores selecionadas, cinco minutos em cada Ãrvore, em Ãrea de 25m x 50m. Foram coletadas 368 visitantes florais entre abelhas sociais (331), abelhas solitÃrias (21) e outras espÃcies (16) visitantes florais nas panÃculas do cajueiro. A relaÃÃo entre a abundÃncia de insetos e horÃrio da coleta revela que para todas as abelhas coletadas, os horÃrios de 7h e 9h foram os que apresentaram a maior abundÃncia de insetos visitando as flores do cajueiro, principalmente de meliponÃneos. A frequÃncia de visitantes florais do cajueiro em 500 panÃculas nos meses de floraÃÃo, tanto em Ãreas com mata nativa quanto sem mata nativa, nÃo variou em funÃÃo do perÃodo de florada (p>0,05), da mesma forma que nÃo houve diferenÃa significativa (p>0,05) no nÃmero mÃdio de abelhas quando comparado as diferentes distÃncias durante as contagens nas Ãreas com mata nativa e sem mata nativa. As abelhas sociais foram as mais abundantes e destas, 176 foram Apis mellifera e 159 meliponÃneos. Jà as abelhas solitÃrias foram pouco representadas por coleta, tendo Centris spp. e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) cearensis sido vistas somente em algumas Ãreas de estudo, nÃo apresentando efeito significativo (p>0,05) quanto ao local (com ou sem mata nativa), Ãrea, horÃrio e dia de coleta. Conclui-se com esse estudo que a presenÃa do fragmento de mata nativa prÃxima à borda de cultura, nÃo influenciou na abundÃncia de visitantes florais nas distÃncias selecionadas, contudo a existÃncia de remanescentes de mata nativa prÃximo aos cajueirais, possibilitou a permanÃncia das abelhas sociais nas Ãreas de cultivo durante todo o perÃodo de florada, principalmente nos horÃrios em que as flores do cajueiro estÃo mais receptivas à polinizaÃÃo. / This study aimed to understand the abundance, diversity and frequency of bees visiting flowers in cashew tree growing areas near and far from commercial native forest. The research was conducted during the blooming season in 2012, from August to November in commercial orchards in the city of Horizonte, CearÃ. The methodology consisted in marking five different gradients of distance (40m, 80m, 120m, 160m and 200m) in all 10 areas to perform and record count of floral visitors in 500 panicles during transect conducted at six different times (7h, 9h, 11h, 13h, 15h and 17h), and captured with an insect net in six selected trees, five minutes at each cashew tree in an area of 25m x 50m. We collected 368 flower visitors among social bees (331), solitary bees (21) and other species (16) floral visitors in panicles of cashew. The relationship between insect abundance and time of collection reveals that for all bees collected, the hours of 7h and 9h of the morning were those with the greatest abundance of insects visiting the flowers of cashew mainly of stingless bees. The frequency of flower visitors in 500 cashew flowering panicles in the months, both in areas with native vegetation as no native forest, did not vary according to the period of flowering (p>0.05), just as there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the mean number of bees compared the different distances during the counts in areas with native forest fragment and native forest without. Social bees were the most abundant group and among them 176 were Apis mellifera and 159 stingless bees. Solitary bees were poorly represented and Centris spp. and Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) cearensis were seen only in a few areas showing no significant effect (p>0.05) on the site (with or without native forest), area, time and day of collection. We conclude from this study that the presence of native forest fragment near the edge of culture, did not influence the abundance of floral visitors on selected distances, however the existence of remnant native forest near the cashew trees, allowed to remain in social bees growing areas during the flowering period, mainly at times when the flowers of cashew are more receptive to pollination.

A orfandade é um tema bastante recorrente na literatura infantil e juvenil. Desde as antigas narrativas orais, como os contos de fadas, por exemplo, o arquétipo do órfão é revisitado regularmente na construção de diferentes personagens, sendo mantida, porém, uma estrutura básica predominante, principalmente no que concerne à sua trajetória. Investigar a recorrência dessa temática, partindo da análise de alguns contos populares até alcançar as mais recentes obras voltadas para o público jovem, foi um dos objetivos desta pesquisa. Uma outra meta foi estabelecer paralelos e divergências entre as figuras secundárias que compõem essas narrativas, como as madrinhas, as madrastas, os irmãos, os amigos, os seres mágicos, entre outros, e focalizar o papel que elas desempenham na trajetória do órfão, agindo ora como \"desvios\", ora como \"atalhos\" em seu caminho. Um terceiro propósito da dissertação foi estudar a circulação da personagem órfã contemporânea entre a literatura e outras mídias, como as histórias em quadrinhos (HQ) e o cinema. Para isso, tomamos três personagens da ficção criadas originalmente para três diferentes suportes - Harry Potter (literatura), Peter Parker (HQ) e Luke Skywalker (cinema) - e procuramos estabelecer similaridades e divergências em três momentos de seus percursos: partida, iniciação e retorno. Ao compararmos as trajetórias desses três heróis órfãos, podemos perceber as visíveis intersecções entre elas e somos levados a crer que, mesmo modificadas pelos estilos literários e pelas mídias que lhes servem de suporte, essas personagens solitárias conservam, contudo, a essência das características de seu remoto substrato popular, proveniente da oralidade. / Orphanhood is quite a common theme in Children\'s Literature. From the old oral stories, as the fairy tales, for instance, the orphan archetype is regularly used in order to build different characters, keeping, however, a predominant basic structure, chiefly with regard to his path. Investigating the frequency of such a theme starting from the analysis of some popular tales and finally reaching the most recent works, offered to young people, was one of the purposes of this research. Another aim was to establish parallels and divergences ocurring to secondary characters that take part in those narratives, as the godmothers, stepmothers, brothers and sisters, magic creatures, among others, and focusing the role they play in the development of the orphan course, acting sometimes as \"sidetracks\", sometimes as \"shortcuts\" in his way. A third goal of this work was to study the circulation of the contemporary orphan character both in literature and other mass media, as comics and movies. For this purpose we chose three fiction characters, created originally for three different supports - Harry Potter (literature), Peter Parker (comics) and Luke Skywlaker (movies) - and tried to show similarities and differences in three moments of their route: start, initiation and return. Comparing the footsteps of those three orphan heroes, we may note the visible intersections among them and take into account that, even changed by literary style and mass media which support them, those solitary characters keep, nevertheless, the essence of the characteristics of their ancient popular substractum, coming from orality.

Orientadores: José Antônio Rocha Gontijo, Patrícia Aline Boer / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T01:30:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Scabora_JoseEduardo_D.pdf: 7481608 bytes, checksum: 23065b09d5b3f87bff805b9571585e88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O presente estudo investigou as alterações pós-natais dos receptores de angiotensina II (AngII) do tronco encefálico resultantes da restrição proteica materna (LP) e seu impacto na programação da hipertensão na idade adulta. Os resultados demonstraram que a massa corpórea da prole ao nascer de machos LP foi reduzida significativamente quando comparado ao grupo controle (NP) ou com a prole LP suplementada com taurina (LPT). Esta redução foi revertida rapidamente nos primeiros 12 dias de vida. A redução da massa corpórea foi acompanhada por uma expressiva redução no número de neurônios do tronco cerebral de ratos, recém-nascidos LP, comparados aos controles adequados e LPT pareados por idade. A análise imunoistoquímica para receptores da AngII também demonstrou que em LP de 16 semanas de vida ocorre diminuição significativa na expressão dos receptores de angiotensina tipo 1 (AT1R) no núcleo do trato solitário (NTS) sendo mais intensa na parte medial do mesmo, comparativamente a NP e LPT. Contrariamente, a expressão dos receptores tipo 2 (AT2R) em LP com 16 semanas de vida não foi diferente na região medial embora estivesse reduzida nas regiões rostral e caudal do NTS. O presente trabalho mostrou redução precoce na excreção urinária de sódio na prole LP, a qual foi abolida pela suplementação de taurina. A redução na fração de excreção de sódio foi acompanhada por um aumento na reabsorção proximal de sódio que ocorreu a despeito de uma inalterada filtração glomerular estimada pela depuração renal de creatinina. No presente estudo é plausível supor uma associação entre o decréscimo no desenvolvimento fetal do NTS, uma menor expressão central de AT1R associada a menor razão AT1R/AT2R e, um decréscimo na excreção urinaria hidrossalina. Estas alterações poderiam estar relacionadas à elevação dos níveis pressóricos em LP (progênie deficiente em taurina) comparativamente a prole NP e LPT da mesma idade / Abstract: The current study pays attention to changes of the postnatal brainstem angiotensin receptors by maternal protein restriction (LP), and its impact on in uteri programming of hypertension in adult life. The data shows that LP male pup body weight was significantly reduced when compared to that of control (NP) or LP taurine-supplemented (LPT) pups. That fall in in-born LP body weight was rapidly reverted in 12-wk-old LP offspring. The reduced body weight was associated with striking decreases in the neurons number in inborn brainstem LP offspring, when compared to age-matched LP and LPT. Also, the immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated a significantly decreased expression of type 1 AngII receptors (AT1R) in the entire medial solitary tract nuclei (NTS) of LP rats at 16-week of age compared to age-matched NP and LPT offspring. Conversely, the immunostained type 2 AngII (AT2R) receptors in 16- wk-old LP medial NTS were unchanged, although, they were expressively decreased in rostral and caudal NTS subnuclei. The present investigation shows an early decrease in fractional urinary sodium excretion in maternal proteinrestricted offspring reverted by diet taurine supplementation. The decreased fractional sodium excretion was accompanied by a fall in proximal sodium excretion and occurred despite unchanged creatinine clearance. In the present study it is plausible to hypothesized an association of decreasing of NTS neuronal development, AT1R/AT2R ratio, and water-electrolyte renal excretion with the higher blood pressure levels found in LP (a taurine-deficient progeny), compared with age-matched NP and LPT offspring / Doutorado / Fisiopatologia Médica / Doutor em Ciências

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Magister Artium - MA / The intention of this dissertation is to clarify the psychological processes and effects which operate in the political detention situation, and to outline effective treatment and coping strategies. An overview of research literature and theory is provided, and the importance of viewing detention within a broad 'socio-political context is emphasised. In the analysis of the detention situation a number of variables likely to be operative are considered. Solitary confinement, torture, interrogation, reactions to severe stress situation s, and uncertainty, unpredictability and uncontrollability are given separate discussion, interaction situation. prior to an attempt to consider the of these variable s in the detention This projected picture is compared with case material gathered in the area. It is noted that political detention is not a uniform experience with a uniform set of effects. Rather, the effects are seen to be dependent on the particular differences in re-ponse. Nevertheless, political detention is shown to be commonly both objectively and subjectively severely stressful, with a strong likelihood of the detainee developing debilitating psychological sequelae. post-traumatic stress disorder appears to be commonly implicated, and symptom s may persist for many years. Family and community members and organisations to which the detainee belongs suffer not only the effects of the loss of that person, but also the problems of effectively helping him or her to reintegrate. It is shown that detainees have commonly drawn on a number of resources or strategies to counteract the potentially debilitating effects of prior preparation of detention. The for the detention experience to facilitate an accurate appraisal of the situation and better coping is emphasized. Useful strategies that may be learned or fostered are outlined. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment that acknowledges all of the difficulties and needs particular to any specific ex-detainee, and that draws on as broad a recommended. It is shown range of available supports Physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and family involvement are as possible, is medication where stressed. Necessary that much may be learned from Canadian and European units that rehabilitate victims of torture - mainly from South American countries; but that strategies need to be adapted to South African conditions.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Aneurysmal Bone Cysts (ABC) and Solitary Bone Cysts (SBC), both non-epithelial cysts of the jaws are defined as benign lesions of an unclear aetiology. There is limited literature available on these two primary non-epithelial cysts of the jaws, especially in African populations. This retrospective study focused on the clinical and radiographic features, as well as management of the non-epithelial cysts of the jaws presenting at the University of the Western Cape Oral Health Centre from 1970-2018. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and radiological features of non-epithelial cysts of the jaws that presented at the Departments of Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery and Diagnostics and Radiology at the University of the Western Cape Oral Health Centre as well as their management and recurrence patterns.

Dans cette thèse nous présentons une description théorique et numérique détaillée des instabilités et des dynamiques observées dans des systèmes quasi-unidimensionnels de particules en interaction répulsive soumises à un bain thermique. Lorsque le confinement transverse décroît, ces systèmes présentent une transition structurelle les faisant passer d'une configuration en ligne à une configuration en zigzag, homogène ou inhomogène. Nous avons mis en évidence et expliqué le changement de caractère de cette bifurcation qui passe de sur-critique à sous-critique. La description quantitative de configurations d'équilibre stables, appelées " bulles ", a été réalisée, celles-ci correspondent à une coexistence de domaines en ligne et en zigzag.La dynamique des " bulles " a été ensuite étudiée à l'aide d'un modèle de particule effective diffusant dans un potentiel périodique induit par le caractère discret du système. Lorsque plusieurs " bulles " coexistent, elles interagissent et se réorganisent pour former une configuration stable à une seule " bulle " selon des mécanismes de coalescence ou de collapse. Nous avons montré que la topologie de la configuration peut induire des effets de frustration conduisant à une interaction attractive ou répulsive selon les cas.Enfin, nous avons montré que les fluctuations transverses des particules divergent à l'approche des seuils de transition et expliqué ces comportements par l'apparition de modes mous dans le spectre de vibration. Cette description en modes propres nous a permis par ailleurs de comprendre l'augmentation observée de la diffusion d'une chaîne de particules dans un potentiel périodique asymétrique par rapport à une chaîne libre. / In this thesis, we provide a detailed theoretical and numerical study of instabilities and dynamics in quasi-one-dimensional systems of repulsively interacting particles in a thermal bath.When the transverse confinement decreases, theses systems display a structural transition from a line to an homogeneous or inhomogeneous staggered row configuration. We have exhibited and explained the supercritical or subcritical character of the bifurcation according to the particles interaction and to the system geometry. The quantitative description of stable equilibrium configurations called "bubbles" has been done, their shapes consist in coexistence of line and zigzag phases.The "bubble" dynamics has been modelized by considering an effective particle that diffuses in a periodic potential induced by the discrete character of the system. When several "bubbles" coexist, they interact and evolve towards a single stable "bubble" through coalescence and collapse mechanisms. We have shown that the configuration topology has to be taken into account and exhibited frustration effects leading to either an attractive or repulsive interaction between "bubbles". Then we have shown the divergence of the mean squared transverse displacements of the particles near the transition thresholds and analytically explained these critical behaviors by the existence of a soft mode in the configuration vibrational spectrum. With this eigenmodes description, we have also interpreted a diffusion enhancement of a particle file moving on an asymmetrical periodic potential with respect to the free file diffusion.