Objective: The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of warm ischemia on renal function. Methods: Within a multicentric study, the data about tumor-affected solitary kidney were obtained from 9 urological centers in the Czech Republic. Patients were divided into groups according to the WIT (warm ischemia time). In each group the mean preoperative serum creatinine was determined, as well as on 3rd and 7th postoperative day and the lowest GF postoperatively. In each group the mean R.E.N.A.L. nephrometric score was determined. Results: The study compriese data totally of 97 patients. The open approach was chosen in 78 cases, in 16 cases laparoscopic approach was chosen. The robotic surgery was performed in 3 patients. PN with zero ischemia was performed in 29 patients (30%). Conclusion: Our findings confirm that non-clamping partial nephrectomy in a solitary kidney minimizes renal injury. For the non-clamping partial nephrectomy can be mainly indicated smaller exophyticall tumors without deep parenchymal invasion. Unfortunately, most of PN should be performed with vascular clamping, allowing precise closure of collecting system, vascular and parenchymal defect, especially for larger tumors with deep parenchymal invasion. According to our observation that WIT of 15 minutes for a kidney is safe. Clamping of...

This thesis is a contribution to understanding of predisposition of solitary Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) to bark beetle (Ips typographus (L.)) attack. The predisposition is estimated from long term effects of multiple stress, which are determined by tree crown transformation. By virtue of created model, it was documented that some environmental variables could have considerable effect on tree crown transformation. Tree crown transformation is generally considered a mirror of spruce health status.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a abundÃncia, diversidade e frequÃncia das abelhas visitantes florais em Ãreas de cultivo de cajueiro comercial prÃximo e longe de mata nativa. A pesquisa foi realizada de agosto a novembro de 2012, em pomares comerciais no municÃpio de Horizonte, CearÃ. A metodologia constou na marcaÃÃo de cinco diferentes gradientes de distÃncia (40m, 80m, 120m, 160m e 200m) da mata nativa em 10 Ãreas de cultivo de cajueiro anÃo precoce para a contagem e registro dos visitantes florais observados em 500 panÃculas durante o percurso de transectos realizado em seis horÃrios distintos (7h, 9h, 11h, 13h, 15h e 17h) a cada 15 dias . AlÃm disso, eram realizadas coletas com rede entomolÃgica em seis Ãrvores selecionadas, cinco minutos em cada Ãrvore, em Ãrea de 25m x 50m. Foram coletadas 368 visitantes florais entre abelhas sociais (331), abelhas solitÃrias (21) e outras espÃcies (16) visitantes florais nas panÃculas do cajueiro. A relaÃÃo entre a abundÃncia de insetos e horÃrio da coleta revela que para todas as abelhas coletadas, os horÃrios de 7h e 9h foram os que apresentaram a maior abundÃncia de insetos visitando as flores do cajueiro, principalmente de meliponÃneos. A frequÃncia de visitantes florais do cajueiro em 500 panÃculas nos meses de floraÃÃo, tanto em Ãreas com mata nativa quanto sem mata nativa, nÃo variou em funÃÃo do perÃodo de florada (p>0,05), da mesma forma que nÃo houve diferenÃa significativa (p>0,05) no nÃmero mÃdio de abelhas quando comparado as diferentes distÃncias durante as contagens nas Ãreas com mata nativa e sem mata nativa. As abelhas sociais foram as mais abundantes e destas, 176 foram Apis mellifera e 159 meliponÃneos. Jà as abelhas solitÃrias foram pouco representadas por coleta, tendo Centris spp. e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) cearensis sido vistas somente em algumas Ãreas de estudo, nÃo apresentando efeito significativo (p>0,05) quanto ao local (com ou sem mata nativa), Ãrea, horÃrio e dia de coleta. Conclui-se com esse estudo que a presenÃa do fragmento de mata nativa prÃxima à borda de cultura, nÃo influenciou na abundÃncia de visitantes florais nas distÃncias selecionadas, contudo a existÃncia de remanescentes de mata nativa prÃximo aos cajueirais, possibilitou a permanÃncia das abelhas sociais nas Ãreas de cultivo durante todo o perÃodo de florada, principalmente nos horÃrios em que as flores do cajueiro estÃo mais receptivas à polinizaÃÃo. / This study aimed to understand the abundance, diversity and frequency of bees visiting flowers in cashew tree growing areas near and far from commercial native forest. The research was conducted during the blooming season in 2012, from August to November in commercial orchards in the city of Horizonte, CearÃ. The methodology consisted in marking five different gradients of distance (40m, 80m, 120m, 160m and 200m) in all 10 areas to perform and record count of floral visitors in 500 panicles during transect conducted at six different times (7h, 9h, 11h, 13h, 15h and 17h), and captured with an insect net in six selected trees, five minutes at each cashew tree in an area of 25m x 50m. We collected 368 flower visitors among social bees (331), solitary bees (21) and other species (16) floral visitors in panicles of cashew. The relationship between insect abundance and time of collection reveals that for all bees collected, the hours of 7h and 9h of the morning were those with the greatest abundance of insects visiting the flowers of cashew mainly of stingless bees. The frequency of flower visitors in 500 cashew flowering panicles in the months, both in areas with native vegetation as no native forest, did not vary according to the period of flowering (p>0.05), just as there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the mean number of bees compared the different distances during the counts in areas with native forest fragment and native forest without. Social bees were the most abundant group and among them 176 were Apis mellifera and 159 stingless bees. Solitary bees were poorly represented and Centris spp. and Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) cearensis were seen only in a few areas showing no significant effect (p>0.05) on the site (with or without native forest), area, time and day of collection. We conclude from this study that the presence of native forest fragment near the edge of culture, did not influence the abundance of floral visitors on selected distances, however the existence of remnant native forest near the cashew trees, allowed to remain in social bees growing areas during the flowering period, mainly at times when the flowers of cashew are more receptive to pollination.

A orfandade é um tema bastante recorrente na literatura infantil e juvenil. Desde as antigas narrativas orais, como os contos de fadas, por exemplo, o arquétipo do órfão é revisitado regularmente na construção de diferentes personagens, sendo mantida, porém, uma estrutura básica predominante, principalmente no que concerne à sua trajetória. Investigar a recorrência dessa temática, partindo da análise de alguns contos populares até alcançar as mais recentes obras voltadas para o público jovem, foi um dos objetivos desta pesquisa. Uma outra meta foi estabelecer paralelos e divergências entre as figuras secundárias que compõem essas narrativas, como as madrinhas, as madrastas, os irmãos, os amigos, os seres mágicos, entre outros, e focalizar o papel que elas desempenham na trajetória do órfão, agindo ora como \"desvios\", ora como \"atalhos\" em seu caminho. Um terceiro propósito da dissertação foi estudar a circulação da personagem órfã contemporânea entre a literatura e outras mídias, como as histórias em quadrinhos (HQ) e o cinema. Para isso, tomamos três personagens da ficção criadas originalmente para três diferentes suportes - Harry Potter (literatura), Peter Parker (HQ) e Luke Skywalker (cinema) - e procuramos estabelecer similaridades e divergências em três momentos de seus percursos: partida, iniciação e retorno. Ao compararmos as trajetórias desses três heróis órfãos, podemos perceber as visíveis intersecções entre elas e somos levados a crer que, mesmo modificadas pelos estilos literários e pelas mídias que lhes servem de suporte, essas personagens solitárias conservam, contudo, a essência das características de seu remoto substrato popular, proveniente da oralidade. / Orphanhood is quite a common theme in Children\'s Literature. From the old oral stories, as the fairy tales, for instance, the orphan archetype is regularly used in order to build different characters, keeping, however, a predominant basic structure, chiefly with regard to his path. Investigating the frequency of such a theme starting from the analysis of some popular tales and finally reaching the most recent works, offered to young people, was one of the purposes of this research. Another aim was to establish parallels and divergences ocurring to secondary characters that take part in those narratives, as the godmothers, stepmothers, brothers and sisters, magic creatures, among others, and focusing the role they play in the development of the orphan course, acting sometimes as \"sidetracks\", sometimes as \"shortcuts\" in his way. A third goal of this work was to study the circulation of the contemporary orphan character both in literature and other mass media, as comics and movies. For this purpose we chose three fiction characters, created originally for three different supports - Harry Potter (literature), Peter Parker (comics) and Luke Skywlaker (movies) - and tried to show similarities and differences in three moments of their route: start, initiation and return. Comparing the footsteps of those three orphan heroes, we may note the visible intersections among them and take into account that, even changed by literary style and mass media which support them, those solitary characters keep, nevertheless, the essence of the characteristics of their ancient popular substractum, coming from orality.

Orientadores: José Antônio Rocha Gontijo, Patrícia Aline Boer / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T01:30:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Scabora_JoseEduardo_D.pdf: 7481608 bytes, checksum: 23065b09d5b3f87bff805b9571585e88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O presente estudo investigou as alterações pós-natais dos receptores de angiotensina II (AngII) do tronco encefálico resultantes da restrição proteica materna (LP) e seu impacto na programação da hipertensão na idade adulta. Os resultados demonstraram que a massa corpórea da prole ao nascer de machos LP foi reduzida significativamente quando comparado ao grupo controle (NP) ou com a prole LP suplementada com taurina (LPT). Esta redução foi revertida rapidamente nos primeiros 12 dias de vida. A redução da massa corpórea foi acompanhada por uma expressiva redução no número de neurônios do tronco cerebral de ratos, recém-nascidos LP, comparados aos controles adequados e LPT pareados por idade. A análise imunoistoquímica para receptores da AngII também demonstrou que em LP de 16 semanas de vida ocorre diminuição significativa na expressão dos receptores de angiotensina tipo 1 (AT1R) no núcleo do trato solitário (NTS) sendo mais intensa na parte medial do mesmo, comparativamente a NP e LPT. Contrariamente, a expressão dos receptores tipo 2 (AT2R) em LP com 16 semanas de vida não foi diferente na região medial embora estivesse reduzida nas regiões rostral e caudal do NTS. O presente trabalho mostrou redução precoce na excreção urinária de sódio na prole LP, a qual foi abolida pela suplementação de taurina. A redução na fração de excreção de sódio foi acompanhada por um aumento na reabsorção proximal de sódio que ocorreu a despeito de uma inalterada filtração glomerular estimada pela depuração renal de creatinina. No presente estudo é plausível supor uma associação entre o decréscimo no desenvolvimento fetal do NTS, uma menor expressão central de AT1R associada a menor razão AT1R/AT2R e, um decréscimo na excreção urinaria hidrossalina. Estas alterações poderiam estar relacionadas à elevação dos níveis pressóricos em LP (progênie deficiente em taurina) comparativamente a prole NP e LPT da mesma idade / Abstract: The current study pays attention to changes of the postnatal brainstem angiotensin receptors by maternal protein restriction (LP), and its impact on in uteri programming of hypertension in adult life. The data shows that LP male pup body weight was significantly reduced when compared to that of control (NP) or LP taurine-supplemented (LPT) pups. That fall in in-born LP body weight was rapidly reverted in 12-wk-old LP offspring. The reduced body weight was associated with striking decreases in the neurons number in inborn brainstem LP offspring, when compared to age-matched LP and LPT. Also, the immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated a significantly decreased expression of type 1 AngII receptors (AT1R) in the entire medial solitary tract nuclei (NTS) of LP rats at 16-week of age compared to age-matched NP and LPT offspring. Conversely, the immunostained type 2 AngII (AT2R) receptors in 16- wk-old LP medial NTS were unchanged, although, they were expressively decreased in rostral and caudal NTS subnuclei. The present investigation shows an early decrease in fractional urinary sodium excretion in maternal proteinrestricted offspring reverted by diet taurine supplementation. The decreased fractional sodium excretion was accompanied by a fall in proximal sodium excretion and occurred despite unchanged creatinine clearance. In the present study it is plausible to hypothesized an association of decreasing of NTS neuronal development, AT1R/AT2R ratio, and water-electrolyte renal excretion with the higher blood pressure levels found in LP (a taurine-deficient progeny), compared with age-matched NP and LPT offspring / Doutorado / Fisiopatologia Médica / Doutor em Ciências

The natural dynamics are not ideal or linear. To understand their complex behavior, we needs to study the nonlinear dynamics in more simple models. This thesis is consist of two main setups. Both setups are simplified models for the behavior occurs in the complex systems. We studied in both systems the same nonlinear dynamics such as higher-harmonics, sub-harmonics, solitary waves,...etc. In Chapter (2), the propagation of nonlinear waves in a lattice of repelling particles is studied theoretically and experimentally. A simple experimental setup is proposed, consisting in an array of coupled magnetic dipoles. By driving harmonically the lattice at one boundary, we excite propagating waves and demonstrate different regimes of mode conversion into higher harmonics, strongly in influenced by dispersion. The phenomenon of acoustic dilatation of the chain is also predicted and discussed. The results are compared with the theoretical predictions of FPU equation, describing a chain of masses connected by nonlinear quadratic springs. The results can be extrapolated to other systems described by this equation. We studied theoretically and experimentally the generation and propagation of kinks in the system. We excite pulses at one boundary of the system and demonstrate the existence of kinks, whose properties are in very good agreement with the theoretical predictions, that is the equation that approaches, under the conditions of our experiments, the one corresponding to full model describing a chain of masses connected by magnetic forces. The results can be extrapolated to other systems described by this equation. Also, In the case of a lattice of finite length, where standing waves are formed, we report the observation of subharmonics of the driving wave. In chapter (3), we studied the propagation of intense acoustic waves in a multilayer crystal. The medium consists in a structured fluid, formed by a periodic array of fluid layerswith alternating linear acoustic properties and quadratic nonlinearity coefficient. We presents the results for different mathematicalmodels (NonlinearWave Equation,Westervelt Equation and Constitutive equations). We show that the interplay between strong dispersion and nonlinearity leads to new scenarios of wave propagation. The classical waveform distortion process typical of intense acoustic waves in homogeneous media can be strongly altered when nonlinearly generated harmonics lie inside or close to band gaps. This allows the possibility of engineer a medium in order to get a particular waveform. Examples of this include the design of media with effective (e.g. cubic) nonlinearities, or extremely linear media. In chapter (4), the oscillatory behavior of a microbubble is investigated through an acousto-mechanical analogy based on a ring-shaped chain of coupled pendula. Observation of parametric vibration modes of the pendula ring excited at frequencies between 1 and 5 Hz is considered. Simulations have been carried out and show spatial mode, mixing and localization phenomena. The relevance of the analogy between a microbubble and the macroscopic acousto-mechanical setup is discussed and suggested as an alternative way to investigate the complexity of microbubble dynamics. / La dinámica natural no es ideal ni lineal. Para entender su comportamiento complejo, necesitamos estudiar la dinámica no lineal en modelos más simples. Esta tesis consta de dos configuraciones principales. Ambas configuraciones son modelos simplificados de el comportamiento que se produce en los sistemas complejos. Estudiamos en ambos sistemas la misma dinámica no lineal como son la generación de armónicos superiores, los sub-armónicos, las ondas solitarias, etc. En elCapítulo (2), se estudia, tanto teórica comoexperimentalmente, la propagación de ondas no lineales en sistemas periodicos de partículas acopladas mediante fuerzas repulsivas. Se propone una configuración experimental simple, que consiste en una matriz de dipolos magnéticos acoplados. Inyectando armónicamente la señal en un extremo, excitamos ondas de propagación y demostramos diferentes regímenes de conversión de modos en armónicos, fuertemente influenciados por la dispersión. También se predice y se discute el fenómeno de dilatación acústica de la cadena. Los resultados se comparan con las predicciones teóricas de la ecuación FPU, describiendo una cadena de masas conectadas por muelles cuadráticos no lineales. Los resultados pueden ser extrapolados a otros sistemas descritos por esta ecuación. Estudiamos también teórica y experimentalmente la generación y propagación de kinks. Excitamos pulsos en la frontera del sistema y demostramos la existencia de kinks cuyas propiedades están en muy buen acuerdo con las predicciones teóricas, es decir, con la ecuación que aproxima bajo las condiciones de nuestros experimentos la correspondiente al modelo completo que describe un cadena de masas conectadas por fuerzas magnéticas. Los resultados pueden ser extrapolados a otros sistemas descritos por esta ecuación. Además, en el caso de una red finita, donde se forman ondas estacionarias, describimos la observación de subarmónicos del armónico principal. En el capítulo (3), estudiamos la propagación de ondas acústicas intensas en un cristal multicapa. El medio consiste en un fluido estructurado, formado por un conjunto periódico de capas fluidas con propiedades acústicas lineales alternas y coeficiente de no linealidad cuadrática. Presentamos los resultados de diferentes modelos matemáticos (ecuación de ondas no lineal, ecuación de Westervelt y ecuaciones constitutivas). Mostramos que la interacción entre la fuerte dispersión y la no linealidad conduce a nuevos escenarios de propagaciónde ondas. El proceso de distorsión de la onda clásica, típico de las ondas acústicas intensas en medios homogéneos, puede ser alterado de forma importante cuando los armónicos generados no linealmente se encuentran dentro o cerca del gap. Esto permite la posibilidad de diseñar un medio con el fin de obtener una forma de onda en particular. Ejemplos de esto incluyen el diseño demedios con no linealidad efectiva (por ejemplo, cúbica) o medios extremadamente lineales. En el capítulo (4), el comportamiento oscilatorio de una microburbuja se investiga a través de una analogía acusto-mecánica basada en una cadena en forma de anillo de péndulos acoplados. Se estudian los modos de vibración paramétrica del anillo pendular excitado a frecuencias entre 1 y 5 Hz. Se han llevado a cabo simulaciones que muestran la presencia de modos espaciales, mixtos y fenómenos de localización. Se discute la relevancia de la analogía entre una microburbuja y la configuración macroscópica acústico-mecánica y se sugiere como una vía alternativa para investigar la complejidad de la dinàmica de microburbujas. / La dinàmica natural no és ideal ni tampoc lineal. Per entendre el seu comportament complex, es necessita estudiar la dinàmica no lineal dels models més simples. Aquesta tesi consisteix en l'estudi de dues configuracions principals, que són models simplificats del comportament que es produeix en els sistemes complexos. Estudiem en ambdós sistemes la mateixa dinàmica no lineal, com és la generació d'harmònics superiors, sub-harmònics, ones solitàries, etc. En el capítol (2), estudiem, tant teòrica com experimentalment, la propagació de les ones no lineals en sistemes periòdics de partícules acoblades mitjançant forces repulsives. Es proposa una configuració experimental simple, que consisteixen en una matriu de dipols magnètics acoblats. En conduint harmònicament la xarxa en un límit, excitemla propagació de les ones i demostrem diferents règims de conversió de modes en harmònics més alts, força influenciada per la dispersió. El fenomen de la dilatació acústica de la cadena també es prediu i es discuteix. Els resultats es comparen amb les prediccions teòriques que descriu una cadena de masses conectades per molls quadràtics no lineals. Els resultats es poden extrapolar a altres sistemes descrits per aquesta equació. Hem estudiat teòrica i experimentalment la generació i propagació de Kinks. Excitem polsos a la frontera del sistema i demostrem l'existència d'Kinks, les propietats desl quals estan en molt bon acord amb les prediccions teòriques, és a dir, de l'equació que aproxima sota les condicions dels nostres experiments la corresponent al model complet que descriu un cadena demasses connectades per forcesmagnètiques. Els resultats es poden extrapolar a altres sistemes descrits per aquesta equació. A més, en el cas d'una xarxa finita, on es formen ones estacionàries, descrivim l'observació de subarmónicos de l'harmònic principal. En el capítol (3), s'estudia la propagació d'ones acústiques intenses en un medi multicapa. El medi consisteix en un fluid estructurat, format per una matriu periòdica de capes de fluid amb l'alternança de propietats acústiques lineals i coeficient de no linealitat de segon grau. Es presenten els resultats per a diferents models matemàtics no lineals (equació d'ones no lineal, equació de Westervelt i les equacions constitutives). Es demostra que la interacciò entre la forta dispersió i no linealitat condueix a nous escenaris de propagació de l'ona. El procés de distorsió en formad'ona clàssica, típica de les ones acústiques intenses en medis homogenis, es pot alterar de manera significativa quan els harmònics generats de forma no lineal es troben dins o a prop del gap. Això obri la possibilitat de dissenyar unmedi per tal d'obtenir una forma d'ona particular. Exemples d'això inclouen el disseny delsmedis amb una no linealitat efectiva (per exemple cúbica), o medis extremadament lineals. En el capítol (4), el comportament oscilatori d'una micro-bombolla és investigat a través d' una analogia acústica-mecànica basada en una cadena en forma d'anell de pèndols acoblats. Es considera l'observació dels modes de vibració paramètriques de l'anell pendular excitat amb freqüències entre 1 i 5 Hz. S'han dut a terme simulacions que mostren la presència de moes espacilas, mixtes i fenòmens de localització. Es discuteix la relevància de l'analogia entre les microbambolles i la configuració macroscòpica acústica-mecànica i es suggereix una formaalternativa per a investigar la complexitat de la dinàmica demicrobombolles. / Mehrem Issa Mohamed Mehrem, A. (2017). Nonlinear acoustics in periodic media: from fundamental effects to applications [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/80289 / TESIS

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Magister Artium - MA / The intention of this dissertation is to clarify the psychological processes and effects which operate in the political detention situation, and to outline effective treatment and coping strategies. An overview of research literature and theory is provided, and the importance of viewing detention within a broad 'socio-political context is emphasised. In the analysis of the detention situation a number of variables likely to be operative are considered. Solitary confinement, torture, interrogation, reactions to severe stress situation s, and uncertainty, unpredictability and uncontrollability are given separate discussion, interaction situation. prior to an attempt to consider the of these variable s in the detention This projected picture is compared with case material gathered in the area. It is noted that political detention is not a uniform experience with a uniform set of effects. Rather, the effects are seen to be dependent on the particular differences in re-ponse. Nevertheless, political detention is shown to be commonly both objectively and subjectively severely stressful, with a strong likelihood of the detainee developing debilitating psychological sequelae. post-traumatic stress disorder appears to be commonly implicated, and symptom s may persist for many years. Family and community members and organisations to which the detainee belongs suffer not only the effects of the loss of that person, but also the problems of effectively helping him or her to reintegrate. It is shown that detainees have commonly drawn on a number of resources or strategies to counteract the potentially debilitating effects of prior preparation of detention. The for the detention experience to facilitate an accurate appraisal of the situation and better coping is emphasized. Useful strategies that may be learned or fostered are outlined. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment that acknowledges all of the difficulties and needs particular to any specific ex-detainee, and that draws on as broad a recommended. It is shown range of available supports Physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and family involvement are as possible, is medication where stressed. Necessary that much may be learned from Canadian and European units that rehabilitate victims of torture - mainly from South American countries; but that strategies need to be adapted to South African conditions.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Aneurysmal Bone Cysts (ABC) and Solitary Bone Cysts (SBC), both non-epithelial cysts of the jaws are defined as benign lesions of an unclear aetiology. There is limited literature available on these two primary non-epithelial cysts of the jaws, especially in African populations. This retrospective study focused on the clinical and radiographic features, as well as management of the non-epithelial cysts of the jaws presenting at the University of the Western Cape Oral Health Centre from 1970-2018. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and radiological features of non-epithelial cysts of the jaws that presented at the Departments of Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery and Diagnostics and Radiology at the University of the Western Cape Oral Health Centre as well as their management and recurrence patterns.