In the early 1970s a collection of singer-songwriters, musicians, and music business operatives captured the imagination of a national audience and launched Austin's reputation as a powerful and prolific international music scene. At the beginning of this seminal decade, the songs, the sounds, and the identities that took shape in Austin's music venues, studios, and back rooms gained traction in the national marketplace by cultivating a cross-cultural, cross-generational musical hybrid that came to be known as "progressive country." This dissertation tells the story of this music scene and explains why it's a story worth recounting in the course of American popular culture. The story begins by focusing on the meaning and utility of a music scene. To this end, I review a series of scholarly scene studies in an attempt to identify common currents of "sceneness" that I contrast with my findings as a participant observer in the Austin musical scene from 1967 to the present. The study then surveys the extant sources on Austin's music history, a commonly accepted history that I'm calling the "creation myth." This "myth" is expanded by introducing new voices, new interpretations, and new developments that have been under emphasized or overlooked in previous accounts. This analysis establishes the foundation for the unifying theme of this study, a theme based on the seminal significance, power, and durability of the song in the Austin music scene. The song was the driving force behind Austin's remarkable climate of musical creativity. The study then focuses on the local scene of the late 1960s as a precursor to the decade of the singer-songwriters. This was a highly productive era in Austin's creative history and although overshadowed by the popular splash of the 1970s, this period provided the underpinnings for music making in Austin for years to come. In the next section, the song is revisited by examining its history and its role in Western culture. Stated simply, songs are important—songs matter. They may mean different things to different people and play different roles in different societies, but they are an essential component of civilization. The discussion then expands from the efficacy of the popular song to the essence of their creators by examining the early professional careers of three prominent Austin-based songwriters—Steven Fromholz, Michael Martin Murphey and Jerry Jeff Walker. Weighing the differences in their respective styles and considering their commonalities help illuminate the process by which the song permeated the creative fabric of the period. The dissertation then explores the creative output of the Austin music scene by focusing on what I'm calling "cultural products." Certainly the songs of the era are prime examples of cultural products and are addressed throughout the dissertation. In this final segment however, I single out four examples of cultural products that are rooted in the 1970s that have either played a notable role in the historical current of Austin music or that continue to contribute to American popular culture in the 21st century. / text

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The People’s Poets of Texas: Literature Born Within the Singer/Songwriter Tradition of the Last Forty Years is a creative nonfiction exploration of the poetry found within the songs of multiple generations of modern Texas singer/songwriters and a case for the consideration of their work as a genuine regional literature. Studying the roots of Texas music, the musicality of Texan manners of speech and storytelling, and re-examining the Austin, Texas music scene of the 1970s that brought a national focus to the organic, reciprocal manner in which Texas music is traditionally experienced, radically altered the ways in which the songs were written, recorded, and marketed. An examination of this phenomenon allows us to understand that, first, a proliferation of Texas singer/songwriters of unprecedented quality has emerged in recent decades and that, second, a legitimate people's literature is emerging from their song-craft.

Orientador: Karylleila dos Santos Andrade / Resumo: O tema dessa tese é a criação da identidade regional do estado mais jovem da Federação, o Tocantins, por meio da análise das letras de canções dos compositores Genésio Tocantins, Juraildes da Cruz e Dorivã. Para que esse tema fosse desenvolvido, tivemos como objetivos: analisar as razões pelas quais os compositores selecionados consideram-se regionais e/ou pioneiros do Tocantins; identificar se há a presença de um discurso pautado no regionalismo e se existe uma representação (identificação) do povo tocantinense nessas canções. Acredita-se que a construção dessa identidade esteja pautada no resgate de tradições e costumes advindos da sociedade agropastoril desenvolvida no Brasil, nas regiões litorâneas que migraram para os sertões e hoje é a base econômica do estado do Tocantins. Para que pudéssemos conhecer a história da criação do estado do Tocantins, inicialmente, foi necessário que se fizesse uma pesquisa considerando-se o espaço maior, o Brasil, a partir de sua invasão pelos portugueses no século XVI. Dessa forma, esses estudos foram pautados pelas artes que trabalham de modo imprescindível para a constituição da identidade nacional, ou seja, a literatura e as canções aqui difundidas que traçaram um percurso que marca a historicidade do Brasil e, posteriormente, do Tocantins. Os tipos de pesquisa utilizados foram: bibliográfica de acordo com os preceitos de Eva Maria Lakatos e Maria de Andrade Marconi (2003) e de campo de acordo com Milliam Soares dos Santos (2013) e, co... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This thesis’ theme is the creation of the regional identity of the youngest state of Brazilian Federation, Tocantins, through an analysis of song lyrics from the songwriters Genésio Tocantins, Juraildes da Cruz e Dorivã. In order to develop this theme, we had as objectives: to analyze the reasons why the selected songwriters consider themselves as regional and/ or, pioneers of Tocantins; identify whether there is the presence of a speech based on regionalism, and if there is a representation (identification) of Tocantins’ people in these songs. As the hypothesis, we believe the construction of this identity is based on the rescue of traditions and customs from agropastoral society developed in Brazil, in the coastal regions that migrated to the countryside and today it is the economic basis of Tocantins state. In order to know the history of the creation of Tocantins state, initially, it was necessary to conduct a research considering the major space, Brazil, since the Portuguese invasion in the XVI century. Thus, these studies were guided by arts which work in a crucial way to constitute the national identity, i.e., the literature and the songs propagated here traced a path that marks Brazil’s historicity and, afterward, Tocantins’. The research types used were: bibliographic, according to the definitions by Eva Maria Lakatos and Maria de Andrade Marconi (2003) and field study according to Milliam Soares dos Santos (2013) and, with structured interviews for the songwriters a... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

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Cette thèse de doctorat analyse un objet culturel spécifique, la chanson d’auteur en Italie, entre 1958 et 1980. L’approche méthodologique choisie, la cantologie, consiste à croiser des analyses de texte, de musique et d’interprétation. L’étude s’intéresse également aux liens entre les chansons et le contexte culturel et social italien, ainsi qu’aux influences d’autres cultures, à travers les chansons francophones et anglophones.La première partie apporte une série de repères. Retracer l’émergence du néologisme « cantautore » et de l’expression « chanson d’auteur » permet de définir précisément le champ de l’étude. Une mise en perspective historique est complétée par des éléments géographiques et biographiques sur les auteurs du corpus. La deuxième partie rassemble des réflexions d’ordre méthodologique et esthétique, en proposant une synthèse d’approches innovantes et pluridisciplinaires qui permettent de ne pas réduire l’étude de la chanson à celle de son texte, et d’éviter ainsi l’assimilation encore trop fréquente avec la poésie. Une analyse comparée de traductions chantables et non-chantables démontre que l’écriture musicale conditionne profondément l’écriture textuelle. La troisième partie analyse les principales innovations introduites par les cantautori : l’évolution des contenus thématiques est d’abord mise au regard des évolutions législatives italiennes, pour aller ensuite vers une focalisation sur l’intérieur de la forme chanson, complétée par une étude de l’agencement des chansons entre elles. Ce cheminement débouche sur l’analyse d’interactions du genre chanson avec d’autres langages, à travers des formes incluant l’image, comme le cinéma ou l’opéra rock. / This doctoral thesis analyzes a specific cultural object, the songs by singer-songwriters in Italy, between 1958 and 1980. The chosen methodological approach, cantology, consists in crossing analysis of text, music and interpretation. The study also looks at links between songs and Italian cultural and social context in which they were created, as well as and influences from other cultures, with francophone and anglophone songs.The first part provides a series of benchmarks to seize this object. Redrawing emergence of the neologism "cantautore" and expression "canzone d’autore" allows to precisely define the field. Historical perspective is given, as well as geographical and biographical elements regarding the authors of the corpus. The second part gathers methodological and aesthetic reflections, by offering a synthesis of innovative and multidisciplinary approaches which allow not to reduce the study of the song to that of its text, thus avoiding yet too frequent assimilation with poetry. An analysis comparing singable and non-singable translations shows how writing music deeply affects writing texts. The third part analyzes the major innovations introduced in the song in these two decades : at first considering thematic content changes with regard to the Italian legislative changes, then focusing inside of the song, and finally studying the layout of these songs. This path leads to the study of song genre interactions with other languages, through forms including image, such as film or rock opera.

The main topic of this document is singer Jaromir Nohavica. I would like to describe the evolution of his poetics. The primary goal is to establish, that the year of revolution - 1989 is the critical impulse to his production. Reader is briefly introduced to Jaromir Nohavica's life, but also acquaint with concepts like popular culture and kitsch. Basically I focuse on Jaromir Nohavica's song poetics interpretation. The specific examples show that Nohavica shift towards the mainstream of popular literature, in thematic level, in level of production and presentation himself in the way of rendering Jaromir Nohavica, compared to songwriters of his time, does not lose the audience, he can beraised according to the new conditions and new age.

Lisa Markley, a.k.a. "Miz Markley", is a genuinely happy person even if she is not particularly financially successful as a musician. In an effort to validate my own choices as an artist, I chose to follow her. What was intended to be a portrait of a working musician, becomes instead a feminist musical essay film about the transformative power of art making.

Quelle place la musique indépendante brésilienne, notamment celle liée à la chanson d'auteur, occupe-t-elle dans le marché des musiques du monde ? Quels sont les liens que la nouvelle génération de compositeurs et de musiciens Brésiliens entretient avec ce marché ? Ces questions forment le socle des questionnements qui nourrissent ce travail de recherche. Comprendre la place de la musique d'auteur et la circulation de cette pratique est fondamental dans ce contexte. Pour cela, je fais des Rencontres de Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais) au Brésil le point de départ de ce travail. J’enquête sur ces compositeurs et ces musiciens qui se réunissent, depuis 2006, dans le but de créer un espace de création et de diffusion de leurs pratiques musicales. Dans quelle mesure les choix stylistiques viennent-ils questionner les représentations caricaturales que nous avons d’une « musique brésilienne » ? Et de quelle façon sont-ils devenus un facteur de cohésion de ce groupe tout entier orienté vers un renouvellement du message poétique, social, stylistique de cette chanson ? D’une façon assez paradoxale, c’est à partir d'un puissant ancrage local que le groupe se veut porteur d’innovation à travers une démarche en réflexivité qui porte sur les grands thèmes de la tradition, du lien entre les innovations musicales et la mémoire esthétique des populations locales, de la façon d’insérer de nouvelles pratiques dans un contexte professionnel qui ne fait guère de place aux courants porteurs d’innovation. C’est à ce stade que le mouvement des jeunes créateurs devient politique, en ce sens qu’il entend prendre toute sa place dans la vie de la cité. Puis j’opère un déplacement. Quelle place cette musique indépendante occupe-t-elle hors du Brésil, et notamment à Paris ? Pour cela, j'essaie de comprendre comment ces compositeurs et musiciens brésiliens organisent leurs pratiques dans un espace autre que celui d'origine. Je m’intéresse aux raisons qui amènent ces artistes à se déplacer, à la façon dont ils élaborent leurs pratiques afin de prendre place dans ce nouvel environnement culturel porté par une langue qui n’est pas la leur. La musique devient un puissant levier d’intégration ; en même temps, ces musiciens innovants se heurtent aux attentes d’un public parisien qui nourrit de fortes attentes à l’égard de la « musique brésilienne ». Comment faire face à ces a priori ? C’est cette double dimension de la musique comme espace de création et la musique comme moyen de questionner les préjugés que ce travail met en œuvre. / How is Brazilian music situated in the World Music market? How do the new generation of Brazilian musicians and composers, particularly singer songwriters, relate to this market? These questions form the core of my research. In this context, it is vital to understand the position of this music, and how it is disseminated. I started my analysis with the Encontro de Compositores (composers meetings) in Juiz de Fora, Brazil. I studied these composers and musicians, who have been gathering since 2006 to form a space for the creation and dissemination of their musical practices. In what ways do these practices and their stylistic choices challenge current stereotypes of “Brazilian music”? And how do they create cohesion in a group striving towards a renewal of the poetic, social and stylistic messages of this music. Despite this process of innovation, Juiz de Fora is strongly rooted in local history. The discussions taking place at these meetings influence the way these musicians view their musical practice and professional context, and thus allow the development of a new political consciousness. Here I will introduce another angle to my discussions. What place does this independent music occupy outside Brazil, particularly in Paris? In this regard, I examine how Brazilian composers and musicians organise their practices in a space which is foreign to their place of origin. I examine the reasons for which these artists move, and how they adapt their practices to this new cultural environment and language. Music becomes a strong means of integration. However, these innovative musicians come into conflict with a Parisian public which may have deeply-ingrained, stereotypical expectations about “Brazilian music”. How to manage this situation a priori? This dual purpose of music, as both a creative space and a means to question prejudice, is at the centre of this project. / Que lugar a música independente brasileira, especialmente aquela produzida por cantores-compositores ou cantautores, ocupa no mercado da World Music? Quais relações a nova geração de compositores e músicos brasileiros estabelece com esse mercado? Estas questões representam a base dos questionamentos deste trabalho de pesquisa que visa a compreender as dinâmicas de produção que envolvem o universo da música independente e como se dá sua circulação. O Encontro de Compositores de Juiz de Fora (MG), que desde 2006 reúne músicos e compositores na tentativa de conceber um espaço de criação e difusão da música independente local, representa o ponto de partida deste trabalho. Entender como estas cancões interferem na imagem difundida do que se concebe como sendo a « música brasileira » e como a dinâmica essencialmente coletiva da produção musical independente influi no contexto de produção e circulação musical estão na base de nossas reflexões. Nesse sentido, entender os laços que os membros do Encontro de Compositores mantém com o passado e com a historia musical local ainda que em um cenário de inovação se faz fundamental. Organizados em grupo, estes artistas buscam, a partir de uma nova consciência política, melhores condições de trabalho, além de procurar difundir suas obras em um mercado que se encontra ainda resistente a esse tipo de produção. A analise desse realidade me faz refletir sobre novas questões, referentes a outro contexto : que lugar a música independente brasileira ocupa fora do país, em uma capital europeia como Paris por exemplo ? Na tentativa de compreender esta questão, me proponho a verificar como compositores e músicos brasileiros organizam suas praticas em uma realidade diferente daquela vivida em seu país de origem. Interesso-me, particularmente, pelas razões que motivam esses artistas a mudar de país e à forma como difundem suas praticas em um novo ambiente, cultural e linguisticamente diferente. A música pode, neste sentido, representar um instrumento de integração e ao mesmo tempo, um elemento de reflexão em face de um mercado imbuído de clichês. Esta dupla dimensão da música como lugar de criação e a relação entre novidade e expectativas acompanham minhas reflexões ao longo deste projeto.