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The relationship between Executive Functions and Peer Rejection was explored. Thirty-Five students in an urban elementary school, (mean 10.7 years of age (sd=2.8), 34% male, and 88% African American) completed measures of executive functions: KABC-II Rover, The Wisconsin Card Sort and NEPSY-II Statue (below age 9) or The Iowa Gambling Task (age 9 and up). Classmates reported who was not a preferred play mate: a measure of rejection. Executive Functions were not significantly related to Rejection across the sample, but among the children with the lowest Executive Functions, The Wisconsin Card Sort was significantly negatively related to Rejection (-0.61, p = .04) suggesting poor Cognitive Flexibility may be a risk factor for Rejection. Performance on the Iowa Gambling Task was found to be positively correlated with Rejection (0.4, p = .008) suggesting that high impulse control may also be a risk factor for rejection among adolescents. This was consistent with a finding of a positive correlation between Office Discipline Referrals and popularity (.4, p = .008) among the sample. Implications for practice are also discussed including the difficulty of managing behavior when bad behavior is related to popularity. Keywords: Iowa Gambling Task, Wisconsin Card Sort, Peer Rejection, Executive Functions, Urban children. / School Psychology

La diminution des dimensions critiques dans l’industrie du semi-conducteur requiert l’utilisation de nouveaux matériaux fragiles qui dégradent la résistance mécanique des puces. On s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux étapes précédant la mise en boîtier, à savoir les tests paramétriques qui permettent de vérifier la fonctionnalité électrique de la puce, et les assemblages tels la connexion filaire qui ont pour but d’établir les connexions avec le boîtier. Durant ces opérations, des défaillances mécaniques sont observées dans les interconnexions situées sous le pad. Des techniques expérimentales (par ex : FIB/MEB) sont mises en œuvre une fois les tests ou les assemblages avec des fils d’or et de cuivre réalisés afin de mieux comprendre les raisons d’apparition de ces défaillances ainsi que leur localisation. Des plans d’expériences sont mis en place pour évaluer l’influence des divers paramètres de tests et d’assemblage et également celle des architectures de pad. En parallèle, une nouvelle méthode d’analyse basée sur la nanoindentation est utilisée pour comparer la robustesse mécanique de divers plots de connexion. D’autre part, plusieurs modèles éléments finis complexes, prenant en compte la gestion du contact entre la pointe de test et le pad ainsi que les effets inertiels associés, sont développés dans le but de reproduire les conditions de chargement sur les pads. Finalement, un ensemble d’outils adaptés à l’étude et l’optimisation des architectures de pad, dans une optique industrielle, est présenté de même que des règles de dessin permettant d’accompagner le développement technologique. / The diminution of the critical dimensions in the semiconductor industry and the introduction of new brittle dielectric materials raise questions on the mechanical resistance of the die and the pad architectures. Nowadays, pad structures are prone to crack. More precisely, the electrical wafer sort (EWS), which allows checking the electrical functionality of the die, and the assemblies such as the wire bonding to achieve the electrical connections with the packaging, are performed at the wafer level and introduce high levels of local mechanical stresses. Indeed, during these operations, failures in the oxide layers of the interconnections are observed. Experimental techniques (e.g. profilometry, FIB/SEM) are developed after EWS and bonding with gold and copper wires to gain insight on the root causes and localization of the failures. Some designs of experiments are set up to evaluate the influence of the test and process parameters and also of the various pad designs on the mechanical robustness of the structures. In addition, a novel analysis procedure, based on nanoindentation technique, is employed to compare various pads, which are complex multilayer systems. Moreover, several finite element models, using both explicit and implicit schemes are developed to mimic the EWS test. Indeed, these models have shown their ability to reproduce the loading conditions, the contact between the testing needle tip and the pad, and some inertial effect during the test. Finally, a comprehensive set of tools to evaluate and optimize the pad architectures is presented. Guidelines for pad layouts are also given, providing integration insights in the frame of the technology development.

This study is about the nature of persons and personal identity. It belongs to a tradition that maintains that in order to understand what it is to be a person we must clarify what personal identity consists in. In this pursuit, I differentiate between the problems (i) How do persons persist? and (ii) What facts, if any, does personal identity consist in? Concerning the first question, I argue that persons persist three-dimensionally (the endurance view), and not four-dimensionally (the perdurarne view), on the ground that objects must always fall under some substance sortal concept S (the sortal dependency of individuation), and that the concept person entails that objects falling under it are three-dimensional. Concerning the second question, I differentiate between Criterianists, who maintain that it is possible to specify a non-circular and informative criterion for personal identity, and Non-Criterianists, who deny that such a specification is possible. I argue against Criterianist accounts of personal identity on the ground that they are either (i) circular, (ii) violate the intrinsicality of identity or (iii) do not adequately represent what we are essentially. I further criticise three Psychological Non-Criterianist accounts of personal identity on the ground that they wrongly assume that 'person' refers to mental entities. Instead I formulate the Revised Animal Attribute View where person is understood as a basic sortal concept which picks out a biological sort of enduring animals. In this, I claim that the real essence of a person is determined by the real essence of the kind of animal he is, without thereby denying that persons have a real essence as persons. / digitalisering@umu

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

The goal of this thesis was to map historical progress of disarmament agreements between Russian Federation and The United States of America from the end of the World War II, through the Cold War and ending in the present, formulated by the latest agreement NEW START made in 2010. This period of time includes rounds of negotiations about SALT, SALT II, INF agreement, through START I, START II, which never came in effect, ending with NEW START. Thesis is analyzing agreements not only via itself agreement's lines or proposals but also with their negotiations that led to formation of the agreements including brief historical background in which they were formatted. Rather bigger attention in this thesis is dedicated to the NEW START agreement which gained experience from past agreements. Thesis is divided into 5 chapters where the first chapter is dealing with theoretical delimits of terms which are necessary for sufficient understanding of the textual mater of these agreements. Other chapters are designed so that after every short introduction of the historical background is following analysis of the agreements or their particular links and their comparison with the previous agreements. Last chapter is focused on the issues about controlling the fulfillments of the agreements under the agreements...

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T12:06:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa aborda a história da mobilização social das mulheres agricultoras na região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, através do Movimento de Mulheres Trabalhadoras Rurais, historiando as circunstâncias em que surgiu e se transformou, examinando as influências recebidas do discurso da Igreja Católica e do Movimento Sindical Rural. Ao examinarmos essas relações com outros grupos sociais e instituições, vamos evidenciar as contradições que o Movimento enfrenta, buscando entender como o imaginário e as representações sociais atuam sobre a vida das mulheres agricultoras. Através da metodologia da História Oral, foi possível analisar as funções e papéis sociais das mulheres agricultoras, os processos de reprodução e transformação sócio-culturais pelos quais estão passando, levando-nos a afirmar que as identidades humanas são construídas ao longo da vida, pelos significados que os grupos sociais alimentam em seus contextos culturais. As mulheres trabalhadoras rurais que guardam a história, que a contam a / This research approaches the history of the social mobilization of the agricultoras women in the region the Northwest of the Rio Grande do Sul, through the Movement of Agricultural Diligent Women, historiando the circumstances where it appeared and if it transformed, examining the influences received from the speech of the Church Catholic and the Agricultural Syndical Movement. When examining these relations with other social groups and institutions, we go to evidence the contradictions that the Movement faces, searching to understand as the imaginary one and the social representations act on the life of the agricultoras women. Through the methodology of Verbal History, it was possible to analyze the functions and social papers of the agricultoras women, the processes of partner-cultural reproduction and transformation for which are passing, taking us to affirm it that the identities human beings are constructed to the long one of the life, for the meanings that the social groups feed in its cultural contexts

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:58:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francine de Paulo Martins.pdf: 675423 bytes, checksum: 19750db6d1f88f79706460aa65328e1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present research searched to investigate as it comes after being developed the teaching activity in a municipal school of infantile education twelve years of the promulgation of the LDBEN/96. For in such a way, the following questions of research had been proposals: How the organization of the school comes making possible the accomplishment of the teaching activity in the infantile education?; How does gender training is the teaching activities at this school?; How the teacher organizes and develops the teaching activity with children of two the three years? ; Which the challenges found for the teacher in the accomplishment of the teaching activity? They had been used as theoretical subsidy estimated of partner-historical Psychology and the categories real activity; Real of the activity; sort; e style proposals for Yves Clot in the Clinic of the Activity. They had been used as procedures and instruments of collection of data: comment and register; documentary analysis; interview; questionnaire application. After manipulation and preliminary analysis of the material, the data had been reorganized around the two great theoretical categories: Sort and Style. The results show that the forms of organization of the teaching activity in the EMEI Aprender, consider the curricular lines of direction formulated recently for the education secretariat, as well as the Theory of Multiple intelligences, referencial theoretician adopted in the year of 2009 for the teaching and managing team of the school. Such lapsings had significantly modified the carried through teaching activity in this EMEI. At the same time, it generated unreliability in the professors how much to the new form of performance. Different strategies had been formulated by the teachers to take care of or to not new lapsings them. In what it refers to the teaching activity in infantile the II, notices bigger valuation of the carried through didactic activities in classroom, mainly the manuals, conserving still present the escolarizante model in many schools of infantile education. In the external spaces, the activities that have predominance are the Free considered ones. Practical the pedagogical associates when playing and the exploration of the different spaces, understood as activities planned and loaded of intentions, sufficiently are reduced. To finish, she understands yourself that she enters the prescribed activity and the carried through work, has unsafe, changes of routes and differentiated forms of concretion of the lapsing that disclose the existing contradictions in the act of the work. In the situations where the prescribed imperfection, the teaching team of the EMEI Aprender searchs in the professional sort new possibilities of performance, reconfiguring it and recriando it by means of the personal style / A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo conhecer como vem sendo desenvolvida a atividade docente numa escola municipal de educação infantil, após doze anos da promulgação da LDBEN/96. Para tanto, foram propostas as seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: Como a organização da escola vem possibilitando a realização da atividade docente na educação infantil?; De que forma o gênero profissional constitui a atividade docente nessa escola? Como a professora organiza e desenvolve a atividade docente com crianças de dois a três anos?; Quais os desafios encontrados pela professora na realização da atividade docente? Foram utilizados como fundamentos teóricos a Psicologia sócio-histórica e a Clínica da Atividade de Yves Clot. Foram utilizados como procedimentos coleta de dados: observação, análise documental, entrevista e aplicação de questionário. Os dados foram organizados em torno das duas grandes categorias teóricas: Gênero e Estilo. Os resultados mostraram que as formas de organização da atividade docente na EMEI Aprender consideram as Diretrizes Curriculares formuladas recentemente pela Secretaria de Educação Municipal, bem como a Teoria das inteligências Múltiplas, referencial teórico adotado, no ano de 2009, pela equipe docente e gestora da escola. Tais prescrições modificaram significativamente a atividade docente realizada nessa EMEI. Ao mesmo tempo, geraram incertezas quanto à novas formas de atuação docente. Diferentes estratégias foram formuladas pelas professoras para atender as novas prescrições. No que tange à atividade docente no infantil II, nota-se maior valorização das atividades didáticas realizadas em sala de aula, principalmente as manuais, conservando o modelo escolarizante ainda presente em muitas escolas de educação infantil. Nos espaços externos, as atividades que têm predominância são as consideradas livres . As práticas pedagógicas associadas ao brincar e à exploração dos diferentes espaços, entendidas como atividades planejadas e carregadas de intenções não foram evidenciadas no período de observação.. Para finalizar, entende-se que entre a atividade prescrita e o trabalho realizado, há dúvidas, incertezas,, mudanças de rotas que revelam as contradições existentes no trabalho. Nas situações em que o prescrito falha, a equipe docente da EMEI Aprender busca no gênero profissional novas possibilidades de atuação, reconfigurando-o e recriando-o por meio do estilo pessoal

Obesity in children is a nationwide problem. Physical activity is one way to help children stay fit and prevent obesity. Unfortunately, access to technology involving sedentary behavior is easier than ever. Fortunately, for this generation of students there is a way to combine physical activity and technology through exergaming. In order to encourage students to participate in exergaming, the students should be able to play games they prefer. The purpose of this study was to apply a paired choice preference assessment, rank order card sort, and social validity surveys to determine the preference order of six exergames for six elementary students and measure heart rates as the children played the six exergames. The results of this study show that children had different preferences as evident by the rank order card sort, social validity survey, and paired choice preference assessment. The pre-rank order card sort was significantly correlated with the paired choice assessment. On the other hand, the pre-social validity survey was not significantly correlated with the paired choice assessment.