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The contribution of culture to the spread of HIVJoubert-Wallis, Marie 30 September 2008 (has links)
Cultural factors have been shown to play a role in human decision making and behaviour. The main objective for this research was to identify and evaluate the possible influence of Shangaan cultural beliefs, myths and behaviours, on the spread of HIV within the Mnisi tribe. A qualitative method of investigation was followed; interviews with three participants and observations of the Mnisi culture were used in the construction of the investigation and findings. Through the information obtained two cultures influencing the spread of HIV in the Mnisi tribe were identified, they are (1) The culture of power-rule and fear, and (2) The culture of poverty. / Psychology / M.Sc. (Psychology)
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The contribution of culture to the spread of HIVJoubert-Wallis, Marie 30 September 2008 (has links)
Cultural factors have been shown to play a role in human decision making and behaviour. The main objective for this research was to identify and evaluate the possible influence of Shangaan cultural beliefs, myths and behaviours, on the spread of HIV within the Mnisi tribe. A qualitative method of investigation was followed; interviews with three participants and observations of the Mnisi culture were used in the construction of the investigation and findings. Through the information obtained two cultures influencing the spread of HIV in the Mnisi tribe were identified, they are (1) The culture of power-rule and fear, and (2) The culture of poverty. / Psychology / M.Sc. (Psychology)
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Stories of mothers with differently abled childrenGrobbelaar, Maryna Susanna 11 1900 (has links)
A group of eight mothers of differently abled children undertook a research journey, reflecting on the sorrow
and pain, as well as the hope and humour of our lives. Narrative pastoral practices guided our
conversations, and prophetic and political challenges our actions to bring about change in our lived reality.
Reflective and summarising letters after each group meeting played a central part In the research. The
letters were structured to make visible the "taken-for-granted truths", which informed us about who and
what we are. The alternative stories of preferred mothering practices that emerged during and between
sessions were centralised in the letters. The group compiled letters of appeal to the faith community,
doctors, nursing staff, therapists and teachers in order to make them more sensitive towards differently
abled people and their families. / Practical Theology / M.Th. (Practical Theology)
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Migration, gender and urbanisation in JohannesburgKihato, Caroline Wanjiku 08 1900 (has links)
This thesis interrogates the dynamics of urbanisation, gender and migration in
contemporary Johannesburg through the voices and images of migrant women
from the rest of the African continent, now living in Johannesburg. By revealing
the lives of a population group that is often hidden from view, it provides details
of women’s migration to Johannesburg, and their everyday encounters in the
host city. Using these experiences, it sheds light on contemporary migration and
urbanisation processes on the continent, expanding our knowledge of the contours
of power that shape urban life in Johannesburg and elsewhere.
Using the metaphor of the “border” or “borderlands” this thesis explores
how women negotiate, cross and remain “in between” the multiple physical,
social and imagined borders they encounter in the city. It finds that analyses that
read the city through class relationships and capital accumulation do not give
adequate weight to the multiple identities and forms of solidarity that exist in
cities. Women’s narratives reveal that while their class is an important identity,
other identities such as ethnicity, nationality and gender also powerfully shape
solidarity and modes of belonging in the city. Moreover, state-centric governance
frameworks that have dominated urban policy and scholarly work on the
continent are often blinded to the ways in which urban dweller’s actions shift our
understanding of the nature and character of state power. Women’s encounters
with the state reveal the multiple regimes of power that constitute the city, and the
ways in which these subvert, fragment, and yet at times reinforce state power in
unpredictable ways.
The epistemological approach and findings of this research bring to the
fore broader questions around the paradigmatic lenses used to read, interpret and
understand African cities. Dominant paradigms tend to draw on western models
of cities in ways that undermine African cities’ empirical realities and theoretical
potential. For as long as scholars and policy makers fail to see African urbanity in
its own terms rather than in relation to how cities elsewhere have evolved, we will
continue to miss critical socio-political and economic dynamics that are shaping
urbanisation in the twenty first century. / Sociology / D. Phil. (Sociology))
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Sustainable livelihood approaches : the future for income generating projects in urban areas? : an evaluation of five income generating projects in TembisaKadozo, Nothando 06 1900 (has links)
The traditional theories of development concentrated on stimulating economic growth and ignored the social aspects involved. Despite the massive injection of donor funds, the situation of the poor deteriorated. The projects in Tembisa are an example of this, as the community was not involved in the assessing of needs or designing of interventions and were only the implementers. The evaluation offers an alternative developmental paradigm that has been used with success in other similar circumstances – the sustainable livelihood approach (SLA).
The SLA contends that urban communities should become planners, initiators and executors of local development in order for any transformation to occur. Urban communities have to change their behaviour and attitudes, be willing to accept change, and to take ownership of the projects. The facilitators, NGOs and government have to be willing to unlearn their traditional ways, listen, and accept that they are not the only experts in the field. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)
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Rethinking notion of journalism ethics in the reportage of 2008 xenophobic attacks: the case of Sowetan and Daily Sun newspapersBakare, Sunday Adegboyega 11 1900 (has links)
This study aims to draw on some of the ethical guidelines enshrined in the South African Press Code (SAPC 2007:10). This SAPC states that “the press shall be obliged to report news truthfully, accurately, fairly and in a balanced manner, without any intentional or negligent departure from the facts”. This insight is used in order to analyse the way in which the 2008 xenophobic attacks were reported in South Africa by the Sowetan and Daily Sun newspapers. Overall, the findings show that the two newspapers adhered to the South African Press Code (2007), and were ethical in their 2008 news reports. This specifically contradicts the dominant perception of most mainstream newspaper readers, who thought that, the Daily Sun is just a tabloid newspaper which “represents the lowest standard of journalism” (Wasserman 2012:1), because of its sensational crime and sex stories. / Communication Science / M.A. (Communication)
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Critical thinking of adolescents with regard to political issuesPienaar, Gregory Edward 11 1900 (has links)
Summaries in English and Afrikaans / The second fully democratic election in South Africa is scheduled to take place in May 1999.
In the five years since the first election, it appears that very little attention has been paid to the
political literacy of the electorate in general, and the youth in particular. The purpose of this
study was to establish adolescents' level of political knowledge and whether they are able to
think critically about political issues or not.
The first part of the literature study which was concerned with critical thinking revealed that
the major aspects of critical thinking are: deductive reasoning, inductive inference, recognition
of assumptions, credibility, and problem solving. The second part of the literature study was
an analysis of which factors may play a role in the development of critical thinking of an
adolescent. with particular reference to a political context. The third part was an examination
of important current political and social issues. These were: the new Constitution. Truth and
Reconciliation Commission, housing, land redistribution, education, labour, health, crime,
political violence, environment, and the next election.
A reliable measuring instrument was developed in order to measure adolescents' knowledge
of political issues, and their ability to think critically about these issues. The results of the
empirical study revealed that intellectual potential and academic achievement were
significantly related to critical thinking ability, while gender, environment, and personality
appeared not to play a role. There was a significant correlation between political knowledge
and critical thinking in a political context, implying that critical thinking is subject-specific.
Cultural background also played a significant role in critical thinking in a political context.
In terms of political knowledge, boys were found to be at a significantly higher level than girls.
The subjects from urban areas were also at a significantly higher level than those from rural
areas. There was also a positive correlation between intellectual potential, academic
achievement, and political knowledge.
Finally, some recommendations for improving the levels of political knowledge and critical
thinking abilities with regard to political issues of South African adolescents were given. / Die tweede ten valle demokratiese verkiesing in Suid-Afrika is geskeduleer om in Mei 1999
plaas te vind. In die vyf jaar sedert die vorige verkiesing is baie min aandag gegee aan die
politieke geletterdheid van die verkiesingspubliek in die algemeen en die jeug in besonder. Die
doel van hierdie studie was om adolessente se vlak van politieke kennis te bepaal en om vas
te stel of hulle in staat is om krities oar politieke kwessies na te dink.
Die eerste deel van die literatuurstudie wat verband hou met kritiese denke het uitgewys dat
die hoofaspekte van kritiese denke die volgende is: deduktiewe redenering, induktiewe
inferensies, herkenning van aannames, geloofwaardigheid en probleemoplossing. Die tweede
deel van die literatuurstudie behels 'n analise van die faktore wat 'n rol kan speel in die
ontwikkeling van die kritiese denke van die adolessent, met spesifieke verwysing na 'n
politieke konteks. Die derde deel is 'n ondersoek na belangrike teenswoordige politieke en
sosiale kwessies. Hierdie kwessies sluit in: die nuwe Grondwet, die Waarheids- en
Versoeningskommissie, behuising, herverdeling van grand, opvoeding, arbeid, gesondheid,
misdaad, politieke geweld, die omgewing en die volgende verkiesing.
'n Betroubare meetinstrument om adolessente se kennis van politieke kwessies asook hul
vermoe om krities daaroor na te dink, is ontwikkel. Die resultate van die empiriese ondersoek
het aangetoon dat intellektuele potensiaal en akademiese prestasie betekenisvol verband hou
met kritiese denkvermoe, terwyl geslag, omgewing en persoonlikheid klaarblyklik nie 'n rol
speel nie. Daar is ook 'n betekenisvolle korrelasie tussen politieke kennis en kritiese denke
in 'n politieke konteks wat impliseer dat kritiese denke vakspesifiek is. Kulturele agtergrond
speel ook 'n betekenisvolle rol in kritiese denke in 'n politieke konteks.
Ten opsigte van politieke kennis is daar bevind dat seuns op 'n betekenisvolle hoer vlak is as
dogters. Respondente uit stedelike gebiede is oak op 'n betekenisvolle hoer vlak as diegene
uit plattelandse gebiede. Oaar is oak 'n betekenisvolle korrelasie tussen intellektuele
potensiaal, akademiese prestasie en politieke kennis.
Ten slotte is aanbevelings gemaak om die vlakke van politieke kennis en kritiese
denkvermoens met betrekking tot politieke aangeleenthede by Suid-Afrikaanse adolessente
te verbeter. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)
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Grade 12 learners' perceptions of their vulnerability to HIV-infections : a study in the Eastern CapeNyembezi, Nceba 02 1900 (has links)
The purpose of the study was to investigate Grade 12 learners’ perceptions of their vulnerability to HIV infections in order to gain insight of their experiences on HIV and AIDS at schools in the Eastern Cape.
This was done by using a mixed method approach where focus-group discussions and questionnaires were used to gather data.
This study found that the teaching of HIV and AIDS or Life Skills is not adequate. It is possible that the lack of learner involvement in the design and implementation of the programmes could be one of the reasons why there is low participation by learners in intervention programmes in schools, as noted in this study.
There is need for strong advocacy on the use of condoms as a preventive measure against unwanted pregnancies, and sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) including HIV. More involvement in extra-curricular activities would help learners to develop self-esteem and the ability to resist drugs and other risky sexual behaviours. / Social Work / M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV & AIDS)
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The social responsibility of South African trade unions : a labour law perspectiveManamela, Makwena Ernest 06 1900 (has links)
Trade unions have been in existence for many years. Although their introduction was generally met with resistance, since their establishment trade unions have been important agents of social change worldwide. Over the years, trade unions have been involved in politics and other societal activities. In South Africa, trade unions for many years not only fought for worker’s rights within the workplace but also beyond the workplace. Trade unions started as friendly societies aimed at assisting their members with various matters, including offering financial help for education purposes and also in cases of illnesses. Although the main purpose of trade unions is to regulate relations between employees and their employers, trade unions perform other functions in society which can be broadly referred to as their social responsibility role. Unlike corporate social responsibility, which is
recognised and formalised, trade union social responsibility is not, with the role and importance of social responsibility for trade unions having been largely ignored. This thesis aims at changing this by investigating their core responsibilities and their social responsibilities and subsequently making recommendations on how trade unions could recognise and accommodate their social responsibilities in their activities. It also considers factors that could assist trade unions in fulfilling their social responsibilities. Trade unions generally obtain legislative support for their core responsibilities, but not their social responsibilities; however this should not obstruct trade unions in such endeavours. As modern organisations it is high time that trade unions make a contribution towards sustainable development through their social responsibility role. / Private Law / LLD
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Meaning in work : the development, implementation and evaluation of a logotherapy intervention in a higher education institutionVan der Walt, Corneli 11 1900 (has links)
Over the past five decades, universities across the globe have been subjected to powerful forces of change that have impacted their definition, governance and funding structures, and managerial practices. In South Africa, the reform process was amplified by the country’s apartheid legacy and the political and socio-economic realities. Consequently, the transformation has resulted in the corporatisation of universities and the re-engineering of the academic profession into a managed profession that brought about a changed work environment with less secure conditions of employment, more expectations and increased work pressure, with diminished autonomy.
The changed and changing South African higher education environment has had and continues to have its effects on academic employees’ well-being, health and morale. Limited research has investigated the sense of purpose and meaning and psychological health of academic employees. Moreover, there is an absence of empirical studies that have reported on the development and evaluation of a brief group-based meaning-centred intervention that focuses on both the sense of purpose and meaning, and psychological health of academic employees.
The primary aim of the study was to first explore the meaning and/or meaning frustration embedded in the academic employee experience, in order to develop and empirically assess a brief group-based meaning-centred intervention in a higher education setting. The intervention was articulated from a logotherapy perspective of Viktor Frankl’s system of psychotherapy.
An intervention mixed methods design, consisting of four interdependent phases, was used to pursue the aim of the study. The phase one qualitative single case study was used to explore and describe the sense of meaning and/or meaning frustration embedded in academic employees’ experiences. This was used as a means of developing and supporting the intervention that was implemented in the phase three quantitative quasi- experimental single-group pre/post test study. Phase two was thus an applied phase where the intentional mixing of the qualitative and quantitative phases took place. Likewise, phase four was an applied phase since it was used to draw conclusions based on the integration of the phase one findings and the phase three results.
The results of the quantitative study indicated that the majority of academic employees who participated in the study had a sense of definite purpose and meaning (MPIL-post = 114.59, SDPIL-post = 18.04) and psychological health, despite the changed and changing HE landscape. The main finding suggests that a logotherapy brief group-based intervention, with a strong cognitive restructuring component, may have a positive impact on the sense of purpose and meaning of academic employees, whilst reducing the presence of symptoms of depression, post traumatic stress, binge eating and panic. The experience of purpose and meaning in work, and adaptive psychological coping, was related to academic employees’ sense of making a difference in students’ development, the appreciation they have received from students, their freedom of choice, their view of work as a calling, the unique benefits of working in HE, meaning beyond the meaning in the moment (ultimate meaning) and making a difference in colleagues’ (staffs’) lives.
Llimitations in the study are noted and recommendations are made to formalise existential analysis as a research method of meaning informed organisational assessment. / Psychology / Ph. D. (Counselling Psychology)
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