As a result of global competition, companies within the automotive industry are required to improve their production systems to achieve sustainable and competitive production. To attain operational excellence, companies have adopted concepts like lean and World Class Manufacturing (WCM). In order to deliver, companies need to increase the availability and reliability of production equipment. This demands focus on both operational and strategic maintenance, and efficient equipment acquisition and management. The main objective of this thesis is to identify processes and success factors that are necessary for improved maintenance performance. By conducting a case study and by performing a literature review, the following has been studied: 1) how companies within the automotive industry work with maintenance and maintenance strategies, 2) implementation of maintenance strategies, and 3) new acquisition and spare parts management for maintenance.  The results show that basic maintenance concepts and related terms are well defined in the literature. However, maintenance strategy is not unanimously defined. Results from the case study reveal that Professional Maintenance (PM) within WCM has been considered as a maintenance strategy. Furthermore, driving forces and obstacles for implementing maintenance strategies have been identified. The study also reveals that there is a strong link between maintenance performance, new acquisition and spare parts management. / Den globala konkurrensen inom fordonsindustrin, har medfört krav på företag att effektivisera sina produktionssystem för att åstadkomma en hållbar och konkurrenskraftig produktion. Detta har resulterat i arbete enligt koncept som lean och World Class Manufacturing (WCM).  För att kunna leverera behöver företag öka den tekniska tillgängligheten på utrustning. Detta i sin tur ställer ett ökat krav på både operativt och strategiskt arbete med underhåll, anskaffning och reservdelsstyrning. Målet med examensarbetet är att identifiera processer och faktorer som bidrar till ett förbättrat underhåll. Med hjälp av litteraturstudie och en fallstudie har följande studerats: 1) hur företag inom fordonsindustrin arbetar med underhåll och underhållsstrategier, 2) implementering av underhållsstrategier, och 3) nyanskaffning och reservdelsstyrning för underhåll. Resultat från litteraturstudier visar att det finns en enighet om att underhåll delas in i förebyggande och avhjälpande underhåll. Däremot, visar resultatet att det inte finns en enig definition av underhållsstrategi. Fallstudien visar att Professional Maintenance (PM) inom WCM betraktas som en underhållsstrategi. Som ett resultat har även ett antal drivkrafter och svårigheter som påverkar implementering av underhållsstrategier identifierats. Vidare visar resultatet att det finns ett starkt samband mellan underhåll, nyanskaffning och reservdelsstyrning.

[pt] O dimensionamento de equipamentos sobressalentes se mostra como importante ferramenta de análise de investimento para o projeto e planejamento da operação e manutenção de qualquer sistema de grande porte. Não sendo diferente no que contempla o sistema de distribuição elétrica no cenário brasileiro. Os sistemas de distribuição, regulados pela Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica, precisam fornecer energia de forma segura, estável e com índices de defeito extremamente baixos, tornando-se cabíveis punições monetárias no caso de descumprimento das normas estabelecidas. Um dos pontos de maior sensibilidade em um sistema de distribuição são as subestações existentes no mesmo, onde os defeitos impactam um número elevado de consumidores, além de possuir equipamentos de grande custo de aquisição. A redundância em sistemas desse porte poderia reduzir consideravelmente as falhas, mas demandaria um investimento inicial muito elevado. Sendo assim, a existência de estoque estratégico torna-se relevante, visando diminuir a duração das falhas com o menor investimento possível. Os transformadores apresentam grande relevância em uma subestação, sendo possível a análise de estoque de unidades fixas, que atenderiam apenas uma localidade ou região, e o estoque de unidades móveis, que poderiam atender, ainda que em caráter provisório, diferentes regiões atingidas. Esta dissertação apresenta uma metodologia probabilística para a definição da estratégia de dimensionamento dos estoques de equipamentos reservas ao longo do tempo, dando enfoque às unidades móveis, sendo possível avaliar a confiabilidade do sistema, comparar os investimentos e custos operacionais de diferentes cenários. Permite também que sejam consideradas questões importantes, como o envelhecimento dos equipamentos, o aumento da carga com características diferentes para cada unidade a possibilidade de transferência de carga de uma unidade avariada para outra em funcionamento. Essas premissas proporcionam dados mais precisos para análise de investimentos, por considerar as condições individuais dos equipamentos. A ferramenta básica de análise será a simulação Monte Carlo cronológica, de modo a capturar precisamente todas as características do problema em questão. A metodologia acima proposta é aplicada a um grupo de transformadores da classe 138-13,8 kV, 25 MVA, visando demonstrar a capacidade da metodologia de encontrar as soluções condizentes do ponto de vista técnico e econômico. / [en] The sizing of equipment spares is an important investment analysis for the design and planning of the operation and maintenance of any large system. These concepts can also be applied to electric distribution systems of the interconnected Brazilian network. Distribution systems, regulated by the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency, need to supply energy in a secure, stable, and extremely low fault rate, making monetary penalties possible in case of non-compliance with established standards. One of the most sensitive points in a distribution system is its current substations, where failures impact a large number of consumers, besides having relatively high-cost equipment. Redundancy in systems of this type could considerably reduce failures, but would require a very high initial investment. Thus, the need of a strategic inventory becomes relevant, aiming to reduce the duration of the failures with the least possible investment. Transformers are of great importance in an electric power station, whose spare requirements are usually assessed, but would only serve a locality or region, while the stock of mobile units, although on a temporary basis, would serve to different affected regions. This dissertation presents a probabilistic methodology for assessing of spare transformer requirements and the associated inventory acquisition strategy over time, focusing on mobile units. It includes the evaluation of reliability indices and comparison of investment and operational costs for different scenarios. It also allows important issues to be considered, such as equipment aging, load increasing with different characteristics for each unit, and the possibility of load transfers from one faulty unit to another in operation. These assumptions provide more accurate input data for investment analysis, considering the individual conditions of equipment. The basic tool to be used is the chronological Monte Carlo simulation that accurately captures all characteristics of the problem being solved. The proposed methodology is applied to a group of transformers of the class 138-13.8 kV, 25 MVA, aiming to demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to find the appropriate solutions from a technical and economic points of view.

Braathens Regional Airlines is a result of a merger between multiple smaller, domestic airlines. As a result, the company has a large supply base for logistics services. This has lead to difficulties following up the operation and a complex supply structure. Therefore, in order to improve the overall logistics operations, the aim was to evaluate the current external transportation solution for the distribution of spare parts. The evaluation was accomplished through a comparison with two alternative scenarios: Supply base reduction and Third-party logistics (TPL). Supply base reduction meant removing suppliers from the current supply base, and Third-party logistics entailed outsourcing all external transportation to a single company. The comparison was based on five criteria: Transportation cost, Administrative workload, Delivery precision, Lead time and Flexibility. To be able to carry out a comparison, data regarding all the criteria was collected for all cases. This was done through extractions from enterprise systems from four of the case company's largest carriers, as well as through interviews with employees and a representative from a Third-party logistics service provider. After analyzing the provided data, the main conclusion was that both supply base reduction and TPL would improve the operation, where the case of TPL was expected to be slightly better. In order to further strengthen the analysis, the company has to develop its data collection procedures. In addition to the exact transportation solution, changes within the organization and its routines can improve the operations further.

Submitted by ANTONIO LOPES NOGUEIRA DA SILVA null (antonio.silva@mpsa.com) on 2015-12-22T21:12:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Analise dos Fatores Influentes nos Riscos de Descontinuidade na Cadeia de Peças de Reposição Automotivas.pdf: 1396317 bytes, checksum: 1e49dd8b0c8d353fd740b74ea0216995 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cássia Adriana de Sant ana Gatti (cgatti@marilia.unesp.br) on 2015-12-23T10:49:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Analise dos Fatores Influentes nos Riscos de Descontinuidade na Cadeia de Peças de Reposição Automotivas.pdf: 1396317 bytes, checksum: 1e49dd8b0c8d353fd740b74ea0216995 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-23T10:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Analise dos Fatores Influentes nos Riscos de Descontinuidade na Cadeia de Peças de Reposição Automotivas.pdf: 1396317 bytes, checksum: 1e49dd8b0c8d353fd740b74ea0216995 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / O mercado brasileiro de veículos leves possui uma frota onde 43% dos veículos têm até cinco anos de fabricação, fazendo com que os setores de reposição de peças automotivas movimentem bilhões de reais por ano. Ainda assim, é comum a falta de peças de reposição, o que exige do gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos a mitigação dos riscos de descontinuidade. Este trabalho analisa os riscos de suprimentos na cadeia de peças de reposição nas redes concessionárias de veículos leves por meio da priorização das variáveis que influenciam a descontinuidade de suprimentos desta cadeia. O método aplicado apresenta uma abordagem quali-quanti junto às concessionárias da região Sul Fluminense. Estas concessionárias representam quatorze das principais marcas atuantes no Brasil com um volume de vendas na ordem de 93% em 2015. As variáveis mais importantes são capacitação da equipe, comunicação e lead time. A pesquisa também evidencia que fatores organizacionais são relevantes para o suprimento de peças de reposição o que não é indicado pela literatura, juntamente com os fatores relacionados à cadeia de suprimentos. / The Brazilian market for light vehicles has a fleet where 43% of vehicles have up to five years of manufacture, causing the spare sectors of automotive parts move billions a year. Still, it is common to lack of spare parts, which requires management of the supply chain to mitigate the discontinuity risks. This paper analyzes the risks of supply in the chain of spare parts for light vehicle dealerships networks by prioritizing the variables that influence the supply disruption in this chain. The applied method presents a qualitative and quantitative approach with the concessionaires of the South Fluminense region. These dealerships represent fourteen major brands operating in Brazil with a sales volume of around 93% in 2015. The most important variables are staff training, communication and lead time. The survey also shows that organizational factors are relevant to the spare parts supply which is not mentioned in the literature, together with the factors related to the supply chain.

This work is deal with symbols and ritulas in a scout troop and their´s importace in education of childs, teen-agers and adults in spare time. Introduction of theoretic part is about scout movement, beginning scouting, history, basic commision and ideas of movement. Also describes scout troop and his activity. Theoretic part contains charakteristic of symbols and rituals in human life, definitions of symbol and rituals and deal with importace of symbols and rituals for human life. Practical part contains characteristic of symbols and rituals in international scouting and in czech organization Junák {--} svaz skautů a skautek ČR. Conclusion of practical part describes concrete symbols and rituals in scout troop. Ideas of scouting, symbols and rituals are extented around all the world and they are important element of education in spare time.

The diploma work deals with formation and development of the key competencies with the pupils in primary schools focusing on communicative competency both in school environment and in extracurricular activities. The theoretical part gives insight into the basic idea of key competencies, a part of its history and its significance from the general point of view. The key competencies are defined and the concept of communicative competence is analyzed in this part. The theoretical part includes outlined methods and strategies leading to the formation of the key competencies in school and in extracurricular activities. 30 interviews of pedagogical workers, including 1 male and 14 female teachers from different schools and 15 spare-time-activity leaders, are assessed in the practical part. The aim of the work is to find out if a systematical formation and the development of the key competencies, in particular the communicative competency, takes place during pedagogical work (in a and outside of school).

Este trabalho é um estudo de caso múltiplo, realizado em concessionárias do setor automotivo, que visa ao levantamento do estado atual da gestão dos estoques de peças de reposição e sua correlação com os modelos existentes na literatura sobre o tema. O estudo englobou sete concessionárias de quatro marcas, apontadas por especialistas das respectivas associações como sendo exemplos de boa gestão neste segmento. Os resultados apontaram que, de fato, no nível gerencial pesquisado existem grandes lacunas entre as teorias acadêmicas e as práticas, em especial quanto ao uso de técnicas de previsão de demanda, à decisão de estocagem dos produtos e às políticas de estocagem adotadas. O principal motivo para explicar estas lacunas é o desconhecimento das técnicas pelos gestores. Este desconhecimento parece estar ligado às deficiências na formação escolar e nos cursos de aperfeiçoamento oferecidos, pelas montadoras e associações, aos gestores destes estoques. Novas pesquisas são sugeridas, ao nível dos proprietários/acionistas das concessionárias, para verificação de outras possíveis explicações sobre os motivos destas lacunas. A pesquisa é concluída com diversas recomendações, tanto aos praticantes como aos acadêmicos, buscando a redução destas lacunas. / This dissertation is a multiple case study, performed in automotive dealers. The objective is to evaluate current spare parts inventory management practices status and their correlations with existing models on academic references. The study included seven dealers (from four different brands) which were recognized as examples of good practices at spare parts management by the dealer association specialists. The results pointed out that, in fact, at the managerial level interviewed, there are large gaps between academic theories and management practice, especially on demand forecasting, stocking decision and stocking policies. The gaps are mainly explained by managers? lack of knowledge on inventory control. This lack of knowledge seems to be caused by school and specialization courses (provided by automakers and dealers associations) deficiencies. New researches are suggested, at the owners/stockholders level, to verify other possible gap reasons. Research is concluded with several recommendations to academics and managers in order to reduce the theory-practice gap.

Diploma thesis is analysing specific aspects of spare parts logistics on practical situation of Renault Česká Republika, a.s. ("RCR") and its largest concessionaire, RENAULT RETAIL GROUP CZ, s.r.o. (formerly Renault Praha Zličín - "RPZ"). Elements of spare parts supply chain are described separately with focus on spare parts distribution centre in Györ, Hungary, which is later compared with similar centres of Škoda Auto and Toyota. Furthermore the inbound logistics processes of RCR is described and commented. Subsequent parts of the thesis focus on the analysis of spare parts warehouse with objective to improve the efficiency of stored references compound in order to eliminate dispensable references which are being stored. This improvement should therefore allow ameliorated fixing of invested cash flow and minimise the amount of references to be ordered urgently due to unsuitable composition of stock in storage. Finally the thesis deals with effects impact of severe events such, in particular with actual effect of Japanese earthquake on spare parts supply chain and optional measures to be taken to diversify and/or minimise such risks.

The masters's thesis is focused on the Czech B2B market with car spare parts. First chapter explains theoretical marketing terms and methods that are later used in a practical part of the thesis. Second part of the master's thesis reflects current situation on automotive aftermarket. The reader will learn about subjects conducting business in the industry, about unions and trade associations that are entered by the subjects to protect their rights and interests. The chapter also includes block exemption that has legislatively changed rules of selling counterparts and of car repair. The third part describes Opel Spare Parts Programme, which was created to sell original spare parts Opel to independent services. Similar programmes of other car producers are compared in this chapter, and it also draws a comparison between offers of competitors in form of independent distributors of spare parts. B2B marketing research can be found at the end of the master's thesis, its aim was to identify levels of satisfaction with content and rules of the Opel Spare Parts Programme. Representatives of authorised Opel services became research respondents. Results of the research were used for planning marketing activities for 2013 schedule.

This thesis deals with design of a suitable approach for managing the supply of spare parts for machines approaching decommissioning. The appropriate balance between outstanding risks related to equipment downtime and costs of holding spare parts is predicted by proposed systematic algorithm. Determination of key parameters affecting the whole process of spare parts inventory management and their subsequent use as a basis for Event Tree Analysis lead to finding an optimum set-up, which mitigates the overall impact of the planned reduction in spare parts storage levels. The new approach has a number of advantages including versatility of application for many types of machines, as well as a different outlook on a solution for the current issue in spare parts management.