Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertoKMF_DISSERT.pdf: 1712911 bytes, checksum: 4a2d9da3d58d19eb0b246c2f5c1cf027 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-22 / This work searches to offer a model to improve spare parts stock management for companies of urban passenger transport by bus, with the consequent progress in their maintenance management. Also known as MRO items (Maintenance, Repair and Operations), these spare parts, according their consumption and demand features, cost, criticity to operation, lead-time, quantity of suppliers, among other parameters, shouldn?t have managed their inventory like normal production items (work in process e final products), that because their features, are managed by more predictable models based, for example, in economic order quantity. In the case specifically of companies of urban passenger transport by bus, items MRO have significant importance in their assets and a bad management of these inventories can cause serious losses to company, leading it even bankrupticy business, in more severe situations which missing spare part provokes vehicles shutdown indefinitely. Given slight attention to the issue, which translates in little literature available about it when compared to that literature about normal items stocks, and due the fact that MRO items be critical to bus urban transport of passengers companies?, it is necessary, so, deepen in this theme searching to give technical and scientific subsidies to companies that work, in many times, empirically, with these so decisive inputs to their business. As a typical portfolio problem, in which there are n items, separated into critical and noncritical, while competing for the same resource, it was developed a new algorithm to aid in a better inventory management of spare parts used only in corrective maintenance (whose failures are unpredictable and random), by analyzing the cost-benefit ratio, which compares the level of service versus cost of each item. The model was tested in a company of urban passenger transport by bus from the city of Natal, who anonymously provided their real data to application in this work / O trabalho busca oferecer um modelo para melhor gest?o do estoque de pe?as de reposi??o para empresas de transporte urbano de passageiros, com a conseq?ente melhoria na gest?o das suas manuten??es. Tamb?m conhecidos como itens MRO (Manuten??o, Reparo e Opera??es), estas pe?as de reposi??o, em fun??o das suas caracter?sticas de consumo e demanda, custo, criticidade para a opera??o, tempo de ressuprimento, quantidade de fornecedores, entre outros par?metros, n?o devem ter seus estoques geridos como itens normais de produ??o (bens intermedi?rios e produtos acabados), que pelas suas caracter?sticas, s?o regidos por modelos mais previs?veis baseados, por exemplo, no lote econ?mico de compra. Em se tratando especificamente de empresa de transporte urbano de passageiros por ?nibus, os itens MRO t?m peso significativo nos seus ativos e a m? gest?o deste estoque pode causar s?rios preju?zos ? companhia, levando-a, em situa??es mais graves em que a pe?a faltante resulte em parada de ve?culos por tempo indeterminado, at? ? fal?ncia do neg?cio. Face ? discreta aten??o ao tema, o que se traduz na pouca literatura dispon?vel sobre o mesmo quando comparada ?quela relacionada aos estoques de itens de produ??o, e devido ao fato dos itens MRO serem cr?ticos para as empresas de transporte urbano de passageiros, faz-se necess?rio, pois, o aprofundamento no assunto buscando dar subs?dios t?cnico-cient?ficos ?s firmas que trabalham, muitas vezes de forma emp?rica, com estes insumos t?o decisivos para o seu neg?cio. Tendo-se um t?pico problema de portf?lio, no qual existem n itens, segregados em cr?ticos e n?o-cr?ticos, competindo simultaneamente pelo mesmo recurso, foi desenvolvido um novo algoritmo para auxiliar na melhor gest?o do estoque de pe?as de reposi??o utilizadas somente em manuten??es corretivas (cujas falhas s?o imprevis?veis e aleat?rias), atrav?s da an?lise da rela??o custo-benef?cio, onde comparam-se n?vel de servi?o versus custo de cada item. O modelo foi testado em uma empresa de transporte urbano de passageiros por ?nibus da cidade de Natal, que anonimamente, forneceu seus dados reais para aplica??o neste trabalho

The operation and maintenance phase of a complex technical system may deal with strategicdecisions for asset retirement and end-of-life management. When a fleet of aircraft reachesthe retirement phase, the operation of remaining fleet should still be kept at a defined level ofavailability. Obviously, the provisioning of spares is a key issue to support the maintenanceand operation of the remaining fleet. The best practice within the aviation industry is to re-usethe spares of retired aircraft to support the operational fleet. This is referred to parting-out.The purpose of the research conducted for this thesis has been to develop decision supportmethodologies, models and tools for the management of a sustainable part-out-based sparesprovisioning for an aircraft fleet during its retirement period. The proposed methodology willbe used to support the retirement process of aircraft fleet and enhance the organisation’scapability of making efficient and cost-effective decisions concerning the re-use of spare partsduring the retirement period. To achieve the purpose of this research, literature studies, casestudies, algorithm development and simulations have been conducted. Empirical data havebeen collected through document studies, interviews, and the perusal of archival records fromSaab Support and Services AB. The data analysis performed for this research has been basedon theories and methodologies within reliability analysis, cost modelling, spares forecasting,stock provisioning and decision making, in combination with the best practices implementedby the aviation industry for the end-of-life management and retirement of aircraft.In the present thesis, part-out-based spares provisioning (PBSP) program is proposed to utiliseretired aircraft units effectively as spare parts. The proposed approach is illustrated andverified through a case study performed on the “Saab-105” military aircraft fleet withinSwedish air force fleet. A PBSP programme is proposed, associated management activitiesare described, the key decision criteria are presented, and a functional framework for aneffective PBSP is suggested. The proposed PBSP program provides a foundation for furthermeasures and tasks to be performed within the retirement period, such as terminatingmaintenance contracts, discarding internal maintenance capabilities, reviewing stocks, scalingdown administrative processes (e.g. spares procurement and obsolescence monitoring), etc.An important part of the PBSP programme is the reliability analysis of multiple repairableunits, and this has been investigated, using parametric and non-parametric reliabilityapproaches. The aim is to identify a practical approach for estimation of the future sparedemand at fleet level. Furthermore, a set of computational models and search algorithm havebeen developed for the identification of applicable termination times, of both the parting-outprocess and the maintenance and repair actions performed on the units. This includestermination of the parting-out process (PO), the sending of parted-out units directly to storage(POS), and repair actions performed on the units received at the repair shops owing tocorrective (CM) and preventive (PM) maintenance, as well as the parted-out units that need tobe repaired (POM). The feasible termination alternatives are compared with regard to theirrespective costs and the most cost-effective solutions are identified.The results of the research study show that a PBSP programme can yield large reductions inmaintenance and spares procurement costs, while supporting operation of existing fleet athighest required availability. It also contributes positively to implement a green supply chainduring the retirement phase. The methodology and approaches introduced within the thesiscan be applied in other civil applications, such as energy, mining, process industry andtransportation sectors.

This thesis deals with optimization of inventory of spare parts and maintenance materials in NET4GAS, s.r.o. The aim of the thesis is to sort the items stored in the company and to propose specific supply methodology for the year 2013. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first, theoretical part includes theoretical knowledge of inventory management together with the methods used in the managing process, it also introduces specific inventory management of spare parts and maintenance materials. The second, practical part describes NET4GAS, s.r.o., its current system of inventory management of spare parts and maintenance materials, it identifies the local current problems in inventory management, it proposes selection of appropriate methods of inventory optimization and it demonstrates their application to real data. For the classification of stored items is selected ABC method. To draw up the supply plan is primarily used bootstrap method (also called bootstrapping), which makes estimates of future consumption of spare parts and maintenance materials. The final section summarizes all the recommendations for improving the current inventory management.

“Moto Spare Parts” es una idea de negocio, una empresa multimarca que comercializa kits de repuestos originales para motocicletas. Asimismo, esta propuesta va en sinergia con el estilo de vida que han adoptado varias personas en Lima Metropolitana. Es por ello que se canaliza la comercialización a través de un aplicativo móvil. En Perú, debido a las medidas de confinamiento (Covid-19), se incrementó el comercio electrónico de productos y como consecuencia el servicio de delivery está en todo su apogeo, sobre todo para aquellos que usan la motocicleta como herramienta de trabajo. Sin embargo, debido al incremento de este servicio, las motocicletas requieren un mantenimiento más frecuente, es por ello que los clientes buscan casas de repuestos o tiendas multimarca confiables. También, buscan reducir el tiempo que les toma adquirir el repuesto y el tiempo de entrega. En relación a ello, se desarrolló el aplicativo móvil que tiene como segmento de clientes mujeres y hombres de 18 a 39 años del NSE B y C de las zonas de 2, 3, y 10 de Lima Metropolitana, quienes son consumidores de repuestos para el mantenimiento de motocicletas y optan por comprar los repuestos a través de plataformas digitales. Para realizar el proyecto se necesitará una inversión de S/ 157,213.00, la cual está compuesta por el aporte de accionistas. Se ofrecerá una tasa de rentabilidad de 14.61% y se espera recuperar la inversión en 2 años. / "Moto Spare Parts" is a business idea, a multi-brand company that sells original spare parts kits for motorcycles. Additionally, this proposal is in cooperation with the lifestyle adopted by several people in Metropolitan Lima. That is why selling is through mobile applications. In Peru, due to confinement measures (Covid-19), electronic commerce of products increased and so the delivery service is on peak, especially for those who use the motorcycle as a work tool. However, due to the increase in this service, motorcycles require more frequent maintenance, which is why customers look for reliable spare parts houses or multi-brand stores. Also, they look to reduce the time it takes to buy the part and the delivery time. In relation to this, the mobile application was developed, having has as a segment of customers, women, and men between 18 and 39 years of the NSE B and C of the zones 2, 3 and 10 of Metropolitan Lima, who are consumers of spare parts for maintenance of motorcycles and choose to buy spare parts through digital platforms. To develop the project, we will need an investment of S/ 157,213.00 PEN, which is made up of the contribution of shareholders. A 14.61% rate of return will be offered, and the investment is expected to be recovered in the 2 year. / Trabajo de investigación

Title: Orienteering at 1st level of primary school Author: Bc. Barbora Příhodová Department: Department of Physical Education Supervisor: PaedDr. Ivan Přibyl Objectives: The aim of this work is to design an educational model of orienteering for young children of pre-scholar age in lenght of 20 hours and to find out how many percent of children of pre-scholar age are able to make the final orienteering race successfully after they pass the training in spare-time activities of orienteering. Another aim of this work is to find out if girls will be more successful than boys or how many children will have a problem with more difficult checkpoint in the race. And finaly, to find out the interest of children of pre-scholar age about this kind of sport. Methods: An educational model of orienteering was made out by learnt literature and own experiences. An affectivity of this model was evaluated by the results of final race. The next aims were answered by the questuonaire, watching children and talking with them. Results: The results of final race of orienteering showed that all pupils of fourth nad fifth class successfully finished this race in identified time limit. Girls were more successful than boys. Almost ¾ of children had troubles with more difficult checkpoint in the race. All children showed the...

During the last decade, research related to Supply Chain Management has got a great deal of attention. The focus has especially circulated around supply chain integration and centralisation due to the increasingly competitive global market. The aim of this thesis has been to investigate how the supply chain performance in international manufacturing companies could be improved. By having a qualitative approach, this thesis contributes to earlier conducted research by providing a holistic view on supply chain management. This is by the authors considered crucial to manage the complexity of supply chain management and supply chain change. The specific context examined in this thesis concerns the spare parts distribution of large international manufacturing companies. The methods used during the case study consisted of a thorough literature review, external interviews and workshops with experts within supply chain management and supply chain change, and several interviews with employees at different levels and functions at the focal company, Toyota Material Handling Europe. Two of the interviewed external experts were managers at the supply chain function at Volvo Construction Equipment and Ericsson. To answer the main research question, three sub-queries have been examined. The first one concerns what main areas of difficulty that can be identified in the current supply chain of the focal company and in international manufacturing companies in general. The second sub-query concerns which supply chain policies that could be used to solve identified areas of difficulty. Finally, the third sub-query concerns which prerequisites that could be identified to successfully manage change within supply chains. The results imply that Information and Inventory Management are the main supply chain related areas in need of improvements at the focal company, as well as in international manufacturing companies in general. Thereby supply chain performance could be improved if performance within these areas is enhanced. To solve these two identified areas of difficulty, four theoretical supply chain policies related to supply chain integration have been examined due to complexity, need of investments during an implementation, as well as each policy’s possibility to solve the identified areas of difficulty. The supply chain policy Vendor-Managed Inventory was considered the most appropriate policy for the focal company to implement. As a consequence, an evaluation of the focal company’s readiness to implement a Vendor-Managed Inventory policy was also conducted by using a supply chain readiness framework developed by Niranjan, Wagner and Nguyen (2012). Based on the literature review, including the theoretical evaluation of the appropriateness of implementing Vendor-Managed Inventory, together with the findings from the external expert interviews, the focal company is recommended to implement a Vendor-Managed Inventory strategy. However, the focal company is also recommended to see such an implementation as an opportunity to later investigate the possibility to also include large suppliers in the collaboration. This would increase the level of integration among supply chain members further and thereby secure the company has the possibility to receive the advantages associated with sharing information (including Points-of-Sales data) with all supply chain members.   From a theoretical perspective the conclusion is that Vendor-Managed Inventory, with its focus on supply chain integration through collaboration and information sharing among supply chain members, is considered appropriate to implement when companies want to improve performance in one or all of these areas. Furthermore, the usage of a consignment stock agreement might be an appropriate complement to Vendor-Managed Inventory due to the international context. However, the authors suggest that international manufacturing companies should strive towards including large suppliers in the supply chain collaboration to increase performance further. Thereby they should move towards capabilities promoted in the supply chain policy Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment, which advocate a higher level of integration than Vendor-Managed Inventory. Another main finding pinpoints the importance of a well-formulated and communicated vision in the beginning of a transformation, to manage supply chain change successfully. As a consequence, the authors of this thesis expanded the supply chain framework developed by Chopra and Meindl (2010) to also include vision. In addition, legal has been added as an important supply chain driver since it affects supply chain possibilities and decisions. The added parts are considered critical for the framework to be applicable in an international and rapidly changing business environment. Furthermore, the authors suggest the extended framework should be used to support companies evaluate the current and a desired future supply chain in accordance with examined change management literature. / Supply Chain Management har under det senaste decenniet fått mycket uppmärksamhet. På grund av en ökande internationell handel har forskningen framförallt behandlat Integration och Centralisering inom distributionskedjor. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur man kan förbättra prestandan av distributionskedjan hos internationella tillverkningsföretag. Genom ett kvalitativt angreppssätt bidrar denna studie med ett holistiskt synsätt av Supply Chain Management, vilket av författarna är ansett kritiskt för att kunna hantera komplexiteten relaterad till Supply Chain Management och förändringsarbete inom detta område. Studiens forskningsfråga har kunnat besvaras genom att undersöka tre delfrågor. Den första behandlar att identifiera huvudproblemområden i distributionskedjan hos fokusföretaget samt internationella tillverkningsföretag generellt. Den andra delfrågan behandlar vilka teoretiska supply chain policies som skulle kunna användas för att lösa de identifierade problemområdena, medan den tredje och sista delfrågan handlar om att identifiera förutsättningar för att kunna hantera förändringsarbete av, och inom, distributionskedjor på ett lyckat sätt. Samtliga delfrågor och huvudfrågan har kunnat besvaras genom genomförandet av en litteraturstudie, intervjuer och workshops med externa områdesexperter inom Supply Chain Management och Supply Chain Change, samt interna intervjuer med anställda på olika avdelningar och nivåer inom fokusföretaget, Toyota Material Handling Europe. Två av de intervjuade experterna utgjordes av chefer på logistikavdelningen på två stora internationella tillverkningsföretag. Företagen i fråga utgjordes av Volvo Construction Equipment respektive Ericsson. Resultaten visar att Informations- och Lagerhantering anses vara de huvudområden inom Supply Chain Management, vilka är i störst behov av förbättringar och förändringar på fokusföretaget samt i stora internationella tillverkningsföretag generellt. Därmed kan prestandan av distributionskedjan förbättras om företag fokuserar på dessa två områden. För att förbättra Informations- och Lagerhanteringen har fyra teoretiska supply chain policies utvärderats, vilka alla mer eller mindre fokuserar på att öka integrationen mellan medlemmar inom distributionskedjan. Genom att utvärdera dessa supply chain policies med avseende på komplexitet, implementationskostnader samt möjlighet att lösa de identifierade huvudproblemområdena, har författarna kunnat dra slutsatsen att policyn Vendor-Managed Inventory bör vara mest passande att implementera på fokusföretaget. I och med detta resultat utvärderades fokusföretagets lämplighet att implementera Vendor-Managed Inventory utifrån en teoretisk modell utvecklad av Niranjan, Wagner och Nguyen (2012). Resultatet av denna utvärdering stödde det tidigare antagandet att Vendor-Managed Inventory är lämpligt för fokusföretaget att implementera. Författarna rekommenderar dock att en VMI-implementation ska ses som ett första steg varefter förtaget även skall utvärdera möjligheten att inkludera sina större leverantörer och därmed öka integrationen av distributionskedjan ytterligare. Detta för att verkligen uppnå de fördelar informationsdelning kan medföra om information delas med samtliga medlemmar i kedjan. Författarna har med hjälp av dessa resultat kunnat dra den teoretiska och generella slutsatsen att Vendor-Managed Inventory, med dess fokus på att öka integrationen i distributionskedjan genom ökat samarbete och ökad informationsdelning mellan distributionskedjans medlemmar, anses lämplig att implementera då företag vill eller behöver förbättras inom dessa områden. Vidare kan avtalsmodellen Consignment Stock komplettera Vendor-Managed Inventory i en internationell kontext genom användandet av en legal ägare av lager, oavsett lagerposition. Författarna rekommenderar även att stora internationella tillverkningsföretag bör sträva mot att inkludera sina större leverantörer och därmed öka integrationen av, och samarbetet inom, distributionskedjan. Detta skulle medföra att prestandan av distributionskedjan förbättras ytterligare. Därmed bör de utvecklas mot supply chain policyn Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment, vilken förespråkar en högre nivå av samarbete än Vendor-Managed Inventory. Vidare visar studien vikten av en välformulerad och kommunicerad Vision i början av större förändringsprojekt. Detta för att öka chanserna till lyckade och välmotiverade förändringar. I och med identifieringen av visionens vitala del i förändringsprojekt, vidareutvecklade författarna modellen; Supply Chain Decison-Making Framework, utvecklad av Chopra & Meindl (2010), till att även inkludera Vision. Dessutom adderades Legala aspekter, då de påverkar både beslutsfattande och möjligheter inom en internationell kontext. Både Vision och Legala aspekter anses av författarna vara kritiska delar för att modellen skall vara applicerbar i en internationell och föränderlig miljö. I linje med forskning inom förändringshantering som identifierats i litteraturen, anses Chopra & Meindl’s vidareutvecklade modell nu vara lämplig att användas som en hjälp för företag att utvärdera sin nuvarande och önskade framtida distributionsstruktur.

Con base en el estudio del sector armamentístico, podemos definir la gestión de mantenimiento como uno de los problemas más relevantes dentro de su cadena de producción. La deficiente planificación y los errores en las entregas de pedidos a tiempo afectan en gran medida la eficacia de la empresa y su retorno de inversión. Por tal motivo, surge la necesidad de encontrar soluciones que permitan el crecimiento del sector armamentístico peruano y metalmecánico. La presente investigación propone una solución basada en las herramientas TPM y Spare Parts Management que permitirán una buena gestión del flujo de actividades de mantenimiento preventivo o correctivo, gestionar eficientemente el movimiento de los repuestos y su respectiva ubicación e inventarios en el proceso de ingreso de nuevos repuestos, eliminar los desperdicios innecesarios y controlar de manera óptima los repuestos de las máquinas. La empresa en estudio es una empresa con régimen estatal, pero con dirección privada, la cual presenta problemas en su gestión de mantenimiento, debido al exceso de paradas inesperadas y atascos, alta producción de productos no conformes y baja eficacia de producción de municiones a tiempo. Esta propuesta logró incrementar la eficacia de la producción de casquillos y balas en un 6.99% pasando de un 66.52% a 73.51%. / Based on the study of the arms sector, we can define maintenance management as one of the most relevant problems within its production chain. Poor planning and errors in order delivery on time greatly affect the efficiency of the company and its return on investment. For this reason, the need arises to find solutions that allow the growth of the Peruvian arms and metalworking sector. The present investigation proposes a solution based on the TPM and Spare Parts Management tools that will allow a good management of the flow of preventive or corrective maintenance activities, efficiently manage the movement of spare parts and their respective location and inventories in the process of entering new spare parts, eliminate unnecessary waste and optimally control machine spare parts. The company under study is a company with a state regime, but with private management, which presents problems in its maintenance management, due to the excess of unexpected stops and jams, high production of non-conforming products and low efficiency of ammunition production on time. . This proposal managed to increase the efficiency of the production of casings and bullets by 6.99%, going from 66.52% to 73.51%. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Inventory management is a complex system which involves different stakeholders from multiple areas in a company which creates a limitation when seeking information between involved staff. Having the right procedure of tracking regular and critical spare parts will give a better control and efficiency in the production process. It is important to have the right classification method to facilitate critical spare parts. The incorrect criteria classification can be achieved in case inventory management have the wrong systematic procedure. Classification methods have different purposes and achieve the highest utilization by combining a variety of methods. By integrating classification methods, set limits and combination of multiple criteria decision analysis can be performed. The study has conducted a case study to compare and evaluate the performance of inventory management in a trustworthy and efficient way. A theoretical framework is constructed with the intention on identify which classification methods can be combined and applied to a production factors criterion. Based on interviews with stakeholders from maintenance, warehouse, and production area related to spare parts and the company’s software system. Two perspectives were used to map the qualitative and quantitative measures. The results show 14 criteria were defined as parameters that measure the performance of criticality in spare parts. The conclusion of both perspectives suggests combining and implement an integration of AHP and ABC classification methods. A proof of concept is demonstrated on AHP analysis and ABC analysis to identify the critical spare parts and the criteria.

Globalization has increased the complexity of the business world, as it adds new dimensions to companies’ operations, such as global suppliers and customers, and competition from global actors. To handle the complexity, companies are pressured to become more data-driven to be able to measure and align their operations, and create possibilities for efficiency and competitiveness [Skjott-Larsen etal., 2007; Long, 2018]. In order to enable the change towards becoming more data-driven, companies need to rethink the structure of their organization. Matrix structures have gained popularity, since it allows companies to focus on more than one dimension by creating functional teams focused on specific tasks [Sy et al., 2005]. However, it is not uncommon that the functional groups becomes functional silos, with an inward focus on the own groups’ performance, leading to decreased understanding of other groups and poor communication between groups. A lack of understanding of other groups can lead to a reactive, rather than proactive, way of handling problems [Motiwalla and Pearson, 2009]. The purpose of this project is to create a process that can be used to facilitate proactive work in adata-driven matrix organization struggling with a reactive way of handling problems. The process can be used as a way to decide between possible solutions in decision-making processes, while making sure that any affected department is involved at an early stage in the decision-making process. At Alfa Laval’s distribution center (DC) in Tumba, they are facing the challenges of functional silos and reactive work. The organization is data-driven, why a lot of decisions are based on data. However, the best decision according to the data is not always feasible, which has lead to decisions being made that affects other departments negatively. Based on data from and observations made at the DC, a processwas created. The process was iterated and improved through application to real-life problems and point of improvements identified at DC Tumba. While it is based on the operations at Alfa Laval, it canbe applied to any organization facing similar challenges. The final version of the process proved to deliver good solutions to problems by involving stakeholders early on in the process, making it possible for them to influence how the solutions should be adjusted in order to avoid the changes affecting their daily work negatively. The most important conclusion is that important stakeholder departments should be involved earlyin decision-making processes. That way, their valuable competence and knowledge can be utilized when identifying possible solution, and any negative effects of a solution on another departments can be discovered before implementation. In addition, by taking the time to thoroughly analyze the root cause and effects to a problem, the understanding of the chain can increase. / Globalisering har ökat komplexiteten av affärsvärlden, då ytterligare dimensioner måste tas hänsyn till i företags verksamheter, så som globala leverantörer och kunder, och ökad konkurrens från globala aktörer. För att hantera komplexiteten blir företag mer datadrivna, för att kunna mäta och samordna sin verksamhet och skapa möjligheter för effektivitet och konkurrenskraftighet [Skjott-Larsen et al.,2007; Long, 2018]. För att möljiggöra ett skifte mot att bli mer datadriven, måste företag se över sin organisationsstruktur. Matrisstrukturer har ökat i popularitet då de möjliggör att företag kan fokusera på fler än en dimensioner samtidigt genom att skapa funktionella grupper fokuserade på specifikauppgifter [Sy et al., 2005]. Dock är det inte ovanligt att funktionella grupper förvandlas till funktionella silos, med ett inåtriktat fokus på den egna gruppens prestationer, vilket leder till minskad förtåelse och bristfällig kommunikation grupper emellan. Bristande förståelse för andra grupper kan leda till ett klimat där problem hanteras reaktivt snarare än proaktivt [Motiwalla and Pearson, 2009]. Syftet med detta projekt är att skapa en process som kan användas för att underlätta proaktivt arbetet i en datadriven organisation där problem hanteras reaktivt. Processen kan användas som ett hjälpmedel för att välja den bästa av flera möjliga lösningar, samtidigt som påverkade avdelningar involveras i ett tidigt stadium av beslutsprocessen. På Alfa Lavals distributionscenter (DC) i Tumba, finns utmaningar med funktionella silos och reaktivt arbete. Organisationen är datadriven, och beslut fattas baserat på data. Dock är inte alltid beslut som baserats på data rimliga, vilket har lett till att beslut tas som påverkar andra avdelningar negativt. Baserat på data från och observationer på DCt, skapades en preliminär process. Processen itererades och förbättrades sedan genom att appliceras på verkliga problem och förbättringsområden som identifierades på DC Tumba. Även om processen togs fram och baserades på Alfa Lavals verksamhet, kan den appliceras på andra organisationer som står inför samma utmaningar. Den slutgiltiga versionen av processen visade sig generera bra lösningar till problemen genom att involvera intressenter tidigt i processen, vilket gav dem möjligheten att påverka hur den rekommenderade lösningen skulle justeras för att undvika att dereas dagliga arbete skulle påverkas negativt. Den viktigaste slutsatsen är att det är viktigt att involvera intressentavdelningar i ett tidigt skede i beslutsfattandeprocesser. På så sätt kan deras värdefulla kompetens och kunskaper nyttjas när potentiella lösningar till ett problem genereras, och negativa effekter från lösningen på andra avdelningar kan upptäckas innan implementering. Att dessutom noggrant analysera roten till problemet och dess effekter kan leda till att förståelsen för hela kedjan ökar.

Major drivetrain components of the Epiroc machines like axles, gearboxes, transmission, torqueconverter, clutch, and bearings are critical components which are focused upon in this thesis. Failure of these major component results in breakdown of the vehicle and if early fault detection is not existing, then this causes engineers and technicians to spend a substantial amount of time to identify the root cause of the failure. Due to this, the machine stands still until the problem is identified and repaired creating a negative impact on customer satisfaction. Thus, failure of these components results in costly downtime. Ways of improving the uptime of the machine have been an ongoing discussion due to costly downtime subjected to component failure. To improve uptime, reduce MTTR, and create acompetitive edge, a drivetrain sensor system is suggested to implement in this thesis that will monitor real-time operating data from these drivetrain components. In this way, the health of the drivetrain will be continuously monitored and if there is any degrade planned maintenance can be scheduled well in advance and spare parts inventory can be managed more efficiently. In addition, this will generate competitiveness for Epiroc products in the market. Epiroc being in competitive business, continuously aims to improve its products and services to satisfy customer needs, improve total cost of ownership, life cycle cost, and increase sales and profit. Epiroc is a leading productivity partner for the mining, infrastructure, and natural resource industries. It develops and manufactures innovative drilling rigs, quarrying, and construction equipment with state-of-the-art technology and provides world-class service and consumables. / Epiroc bedriver konkurenskraftiv verksamhet. Målet är att kontinuerligt förbättra sina produkter och tjänster för att tillgodose kundernas behov, förbättra den totala ägandekostnaden, livscykelkostnaden samt att öka försäljningen och vinsten. Epiroc är en ledandeproduktivitetspartner för gruv-, infrastruktur- och naturresursindustrin. Det utvecklar och tillverkar innovativa borriggar, stenbrott- och byggutrustning med toppmodern teknik och tillhandahåller service och förbrukningsvaror i världsklass. Att förbättra maskinens drifttid har alltid varit en kontinuerlig diskussion på grund av kostsamma stopp som orsakats av komponentfel. Om det uppstår större komponentfel som leder till att fordonet går sönder ochtidig feldetektering inte existerar, leder detta till att ingenjörer och tekniker måste spendera mycket tid på att identifiera orsaken till felet. På grund av detta står maskinen stilla tills problemet identifieras och repareras vilket skapar en negativ inverkan på kundnöjdheten. Viktiga drivkomponenter som axlar, växellådor, transmission, vridmomentomvandlare, koppling och lager är exempel på sådana kritiska komponenter vars fel resulterar i kostnadstopp. För att förbättra drifttiden, minska MTTR och skapa en konkurrensfördel för Epiroc-produkter, presenteras ett drivsystemsensorsystem i denna rapport som möjliggör övervakning av realtidsdata från dessa drivlinekomponenter. På detta sätt övervakas drivlinanshälsa kontinuerligt och om det uppstår någon försämring kan planerat underhåll planeras i godtid och reservdelslager hanteras effektivare. Dessutom kommer detta att skapa konkurrenskraft för Epiroc-produkter på marknaden.