Finding the proper balance between availability and cost efficiency is an important concern within spare part management. Spare part suppliers need to respond quickly to customer demand as a stock-out can have severe consequences for both the customer and the supplier. It is critical to identify what items to keep in stock and where to allocate the inventory to avoid stock-outs. This case study was performed at a large high-tech company producing manufacturing equipment to be used in the electronics industry. The aim was to lower the stock-levels of spare parts while not impairing the availability by combining item classification, demand forecasting, and distribution network optimization. A decision diagram for classifying spare parts was constructed using the analytical hierarchy process. Twenty items were classified using the diagram, and the demand for them was forecasted using the Syntetos Boylan Approximationmethod. The shipping cost for spare parts within one region was minimized using a linear optimization model. The analysis showed that equipment criticality, annual usage value, and installed base are critical when classing spare parts. Instead of using five distribution centers in the European region, it was discovered that the shipping costs would decrease if only three warehouses made up the distribution network. The spare parts investigated appeared to follow the typical characteristics for spare parts, showing a low and irregular demand. Hence, demand forecasting seemed to be unnecessary, considering the difficulties in getting satisfactory results. Instead of combining the results from classification, forecasting, and inventory allocation, we suggest that the processes affecting stocking decisions should cooperate and work towards a common objective, namely to satisfy the customer demand in a cost-efficient way. Thus, widening the meaning of taking on an integrated approach to spare part management. / Inom hanteringen av reservdelar är det en stor utmaning att hitta rätt avvägning mellan tillgänglighet och kostnadseffektivitet. Leverantörer av reservdelar måste snabbt kunna möta kundefterfrågan eftersom uteblivna leveranser av kritiska reservdelar kan få allvarliga konsekvenser för både kund och leverantör. Vilka artiklar som ska lager-hållas och var de ska lagerhållas är avgörande beslut för att undvika att artiklar rest-noteras. I den här fallstudien, som utfördes på ett stort teknikföretag som tillverkarproduktionsutrustning till elektronikindustrin, var syftet att sänka lagernivåerna av reservdelar utan att göra avkall på tillgängligheten. Detta genom att kombineragruppering av artiklar, beräkning av kommande efterfrågan och optimering av distributionsnätverket. För att klassificera artiklar i grupper med liknande egenskaper skapades ett schematiskt beslutsdiagram med hjälp av metoden AHP. Tjugo artiklar ur sortimentet valdes ut som beslutsdiagrammet testades på. För samma tjugo artiklar gjordes prognoser för den kommande efterfrågan med metoden Syntetos-Boylan-Approximation. Distributionsnätverket i den europeiska regionen optimerades medavseende på fraktkostnad genom att applicera en linjär optimeringsmodell. Hur kritisk en reservdel är för den relaterade maskinens funktionalitet, reservdelensårliga förbrukningsvärde och den geografiska placeringen av installerade maskinervisade sig vara kritiska för att kunna klassificera artiklarna effektivt. Analysen av distributionsnätverket i Europa visade att fraktkostnaderna kan minskas om nätverket utgjordes av tre lager istället för fem som det gör i dagsläget. De tjugo undersökta reservdelarna uppvisade de typiska egenskaperna för reservdelar som har rapporterats i litteraturen som låg och oregelbunden efterfrågan. Att sätta prognoser på efterfrågan verkar obefogat med tanke på komplexiteten i beräkningarna och att de ger få tillfredsställande resultat. Istället för att kombinera resultaten från klassificering, prognoser på efterfrågan och lageroptimering föreslår vi att alla de funktioner i ett företag som arbetar med att tillgodose kundefterfrågan bör samarbeta i högre grad och jobba mot ett gemensamt mål, nämligen att tillgodose kundernas efterfrågan på ett kostnadseffektivt sätt. Således vill vi utvidga betydelsen av att ta en integrerad strategi för reservdelshantering

Detta arbete undersöker den militära lämpligheten med additiv tillverkning för reservmaterielförsörjning. Arbetet avgränsas till att undersöka hur additiv tillverkning kan användas på ett trosskompani och ifall det är lämpligt utifrån teorin om militär nytta. Frågeställningen besvaras genom en tematisk analys där olika källor som behandlar additiv tillverkning i en militär kontext analyseras utifrån ett antal indikatorer som avgör den militära lämpligheten, enligt teorin om militär nytta. De indikatorer som analysen bygger på är: materiel, doktrin, infrastruktur och anläggningar samt interoperabilitet. Arbetet kommer fram till att additiv tillverkning kan vara lämpligt på ett trosskompani men främst vid uteblivet underhåll under en längre period. I annat fall krävs stora anpassningar i Försvarsmaktens doktriner för att additiv tillverkning ska vara lämpligt, detta framförallt kopplat till tidsförhållanden för respektive underhållsnivå. Dessutom identifieras en problematik med kvalitetskontroller och vem som bär ansvaret om tillverkade reservdelar inte är av tillräckligt hög kvalitet, detta speciellt i fredstid då riskbenägenheten är lägre. Slutligen kommer arbetet fram till att en kostnadsnyttoanalys, där förändringarna i organisationen behöver vägas mot den militära effektiviteten och kostnaden, är nödvändig för att avgöra om additiv tillverkning bör implementeras på ett trosskompani eller inte. Behov av ytterligare undersökningar innan additiv tillverkning kan börja användas i Försvarsmakten identifieras också i arbetet. Bland annat behöver en mer precis kravställning kopplat till additiv tillverkning och doktriner som beskriver hur tillverkningen ska nyttjas tas fram. Försvarsmakten behöver även ta fram metoder för uppföljning av reservdelar, så att förbanden vet vilka nyttjade reservdelar som är konventionellt tillverkade och vilka som är utskrivna med additiv tillverkning. Dessutom behöver Försvarsmakten i kommande upphandlingar ställa krav på digitala ritningar för additiv tillverkning av reservdelar för att möjliggöra en framtida implementering av tekniken och nyttjande för reservmaterielförsörjning. / This project investigates the military suitability with additive manufacturing of spare material supply. The project was delimited by investigating how additive manufacturing can be utilized and whether additive manufacturing is suitable, according to the theory on military utility, at a logistics company. The question was answered through a thematic analysis, examining various sources on additive manufacturing in a military context across four indicators that decide the suitability of a system, according to the theory on Military utility. The indicators that were analysed are equipment, concepts and doctrine, infrastructure, and interoperability. The project concludes that additive manufacturing can be suitable for a logistics company when maintenance is out for a longer period. Otherwise, it requires significant adaptations in the Swedish Armed Forces’ concepts to achieve suitability for additive manufacturing, mostly because of the time conditions in the maintenance concept. Moreover, a problem regarding quality control and the responsibility for inadequate spare material was identified, especially in peacetime when the risk propensity is lower than in wartime. Finally, the project determined that a cost-benefit analysis is imperative. The cost-benefit analysis will weigh the changes in the organization against both the associated costs and the military effectiveness that the system can deliver. The needs for further investigations before additive manufacturing can be utilized in the Swedish Armed Forces were also identified in the project. For instance, a more precise set of requirements related to additive manufacturing and a doctrine describing how additive manufacturing should be utilized need to be developed. The Swedish Armed Forces also need to produce methods to follow up on which spare material, used for reparations, that is produced conventional, and which is produced with additive manufacturing. Furthermore, the Swedish Armed Forces need to demand digital files for additive manufacturing of spare material in future procurement processes. This is essential to enable the use of this technique for spare material supply in the future.

L'histoire vivante est une manière de présenter le passé, qui peut se décliner en fonction d'époques variées ; celle qui est prise en compte dans cette recherche concerne la période médiévale. La pratique s'expose à travers deux activités distinctes mais complémentaires : la reconstitution historique et les Arts martiaux historiques européens, couramment nommés AMHE. L'étude menée répond à un travail de terrain interdisciplinaire, mêlant des approches ethnologiques et sociologiques. Les données recueillies proviennent d'observations participantes, mises en place lors de différents événements, d'entretiens (semi-directifs ou directifs) auprès de divers informateurs et, enfin, de deux séries de questionnaires. C'est une méthodologie aussi bien qualitative que quantitative qui a été utilisée, afin de permettre une compréhension globale de l'objet d'étude.La problématique retenue, en fonction d'une dialectique constante entre le terrain et la théorie, questionne les modalités d'expressions d'une pratique culturelle génératrice d'identités. Plusieurs axes ont ainsi pu être dégagés. C'est d'abord sous l'angle de la diffusion des connaissances (actions culturelles, rapport au patrimoine, liens entretenus avec la mémoire et principe de transmission) que l'histoire vivante est abordée. Ensuite, la recherche porte sur les éléments de définition associés à la démarche, entre activité de loisir et professionnalisation. Les thématiques présentées renvoient autant au fait associatif qu'au développement technique, en passant par les enjeux touristiques et les ambivalences relatives au concept de fête. Enfin, le dernier point évoque la pratique sociale, créatrice de liens entre les participants. Du profil sociologique des enquêtés au principe de communauté, les investigations réalisées invitent à appréhender les normes et valeurs spécifiques à ce type d'activités. L'un des principaux enjeux consiste à afficher les mécanismes relatifs à la délimitation identitaire d'un groupe particulier : c'est en fonction du rapport à l'altérité et des normes véhiculées par un ensemble précis que le lien social se maintient ou se délie. La faible reconnaissance dont dispose l'histoire vivante favorise ainsi une approche en termes de jeu identitaire, fécond pour l'analyse globale d'une démarche contemporaine en expansion. / Living history is a way to investigate the past which differs according to the time period under consideration. The one which is considered in this work is the Middle-Ages. Two distinct but complementary activities are introduced : historical reenactment and HEMA (Historical European Martial Arts). The study uses a cross-disciplinary method, with ethnological and sociological elements. The fieldwork presents participant observation, interviews and questionnaires in a qualitative and quantitative approach.My working hypothesis consists in questioning cultural activity as a means to build up identity. Three points can be developed : the first one displays dissemination of knowledges (cultural modalities, heritage, memory and transmission) related to living history. Then, the research focuses on the link between spare time and occupation. Life organization, expansion of professionalism, tourism and the concept of fair are investigated. The last point refers to the social dimension that creates links among participants. This way, the work presents the sociological profile of the actors, the notion of community, that of the representation of activities which leads to specifics norms and rules. The goal is to understand identity demarcations of a particular group. The connection between alterity, norms and rules allows or releases the social link. The limited recognition of living history conduces to approaches concerning games of identity, fruitful for the analysis of a contemporary practice, which is actually growing in France.

Motivés par l'évolution des réglementations en matière d'écologie mais aussi par des contraintes purement économiques, plusieurs secteurs industriels se sont retrouvés dans l'obligation de développer de nouvelles méthodes et modèles pour la gestion des produits en fin de vie. Dans ce contexte, la remanufacturation vise à gérer la récupération de la valeur d’un produit avant sa fin de vie. Elle permet de prolonger le cycle de vie du produit et d’économiser une partie des besoins industriels en matière première. Ces produits remanufacturés seront remis dans le marché et destinés à une autre catégorie de clients, différente de celle des produits neufs. Dans d'autres cas, les produits remanufacturés sont réutilisés sous la forme de pièces de rechange dans les actions de maintenance, mais cette réutilisation peut varier selon la stratégie de maintenance adoptée. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse s'intéresse à l’intégration d'un flux d’approvisionnement hybride en pièces de rechange dans un modèle de maintenance basé sur la dégradation stochastique d’un système de production. Deux types de flux d’approvisionnement en pièces de rechange sont étudiés : un flux direct et un flux inverse. Le flux direct est représenté par l'utilisation de pièces de rechange neuves et le flux inverse est représenté par la réutilisation des pièces récupérées lors des remplacements ultérieurs, avec la possibilité de réaliser une action de remanufacturation pour améliorer l'état de dégradation de ces pièces de rechange. Plusieurs problématiques ont été traitées pour permettre de comprendre l'impact et l'influence d'une politique de remanufacturation sur les performances d'un système de production. En effet, dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes intéressés à des systèmes de production composés d'une seule machine. Dans ce cadre, nous avons proposé des études séquentielles puis intégrées pour optimiser la politique de maintenance et celle de l'approvisionnement hybrides en pièces de rechange destinées aux actions de remplacements. Nous avons étudié également la gestion de production soumise à une contrainte de qualité basée sur l'évolution de la dégradation de la machine. Ensuite, et dans un second temps, nous avons présenté des généralisations des modèles étudiés dans le cadre de systèmes de production composés de plusieurs machines. Enfin, nous avons développé un outil d'aide à la décision pour conception de systèmes de production dans le cadre d'une politique de remanufacturation. Cette problématique - du niveau stratégique - vise à sélectionner le meilleur ensemble de machines pour construire un nouveau système de production capable de satisfaire les contraintes de production définies par décideur / Motivated by the change of regulations in the matter of sustainability, but also by pure economic constraints, several industries have found themselves obligated to develop new methods and models for the management of products that are at the end of their life cycle. In this context, the remanufacturing aims at managing the recovery of the product’s value before its end of life. This type of action will extend the product life cycle and save the use of the raw material. These remanufactured products will be re-injected in a market that serves another class of customers, different from the one using new products. In other cases, the remanufactured products are reused as spare parts for the maintenance, but this reuse may vary according to the maintenance strategy adopted. This thesis focuses on the integration of a hybrid flow supply of spare parts in a service model based on stochastic degradation of a production system. Two types of spare parts supply flows are studied: a direct flow and reverse flow. The direct flow is represented by the use of new spare parts and the reverse flow is represented by the reuse of the recovered parts during the replacements, with the ability to perform remanufacturing action to improve the degradation level of these spare parts. Several issues were treated to better understand the impact of remanufacturing policies over the performance of a production system. At the beginning we started our study with production systems composed of a single machine. In this context, we proposed sequential studies then integrated one to optimize the maintenance policy as well as the Hybrid provisioning in regard to spare parts destined to replacement actions. Similarly, we’ve studied the production management subjected to quality constraint based on the machine’s degradation process. Furthermore, we’ve presented generalizations of studied models within the context of a production system composed of several machines. Finally, we’ve developed an aid-to-decision-design tool for production systems within the remanufacturing process. This problematic aims at –from a strategic point- selecting the best group of machines to build a new system of production that is able to satisfy the constraints of a production defined by the decision maker

"This research is aimed at studying the key technologies of Computer-Aided Manufacturing Planning (CAMP) of mass customization for non-rotational part production. The main goal of the CAMP is to rapidly generate manufacturing plans by using of the best-of-practice (BOP) provided by specific companies. A systematic information modeling hierarchy is proposed to facilitate changes in manufacturing plans according to changes in part design. The Object-oriented Systems Analysis (OSA) approach is used to represent information relationships and associativities in the CAMP. A feature-based part information model, a process model, a setup planning model, and manufacturing resource capability models are established. A three-level decision-making mechanism is proposed for the CAMP. At the feature- level, combined features are defined based on part families, and a process model is proposed to describe the information associativities between features and their manufacturing strategies, which include customized cutters and toolpaths. At the part level, graph-based setup planning is carried out by tolerance analysis and manufacturing resource capability analysis. At the machine level, multi-part fixtures are utilized to pursue high productivity. Cycle time is used to evaluate manufacturing plans. Computer software for the CAMP has been developed and integrated with CAD package Unigraphs. The BOP of part families is stored in XML format, which has good extendibility and can be read and edited by standard browsers."

Poor input data quality used in repairable spare parts forecasting by aerospace small and midsize enterprises (SME) suppliers results in poor inventory practices that manifest into higher costs and critical supply shortage risks. Guided by the data quality management (DQM) theory as the conceptual framework, the purpose of this exploratory multiple case study was to identify the key strategies that the aerospace SME repairable spares suppliers use to maximize their input data quality used in forecasting repairable spare parts. The multiple case study comprised of a census sample of 6 forecasting business leaders from aerospace SME repairable spares suppliers located in the states of Florida and Kansas. The sample was collected via semistructured interviews and supporting documentation from the consenting participants and organizational websites. Eight core themes emanated from the application of the content data analysis process coupled with methodological triangulation. These themes were labeled as establish data governance, identify quality forecast input data sources, develop a sustainable relationship and collaboration with customers and vendors, utilize a strategic data quality system, conduct continuous input data quality analysis, identify input data quality measures, incorporate continuous improvement initiatives, and engage in data quality training and education. Of the 8 core themes, 6 aligned to the DQM theory's conceptual constructs while 2 surfaced as outliers. The key implication of the research toward positive social change may include the increased situational awareness for SME forecasting business leaders to focus on enhancing business practices for input data quality to forecast repairable spare parts to attain sustainable profits.

Cette thèse traite d'un des problèmes les plus stimulants dans le traitement de la parole concernant la prothèse auditive, où seulement un capteur est disponible avec de faibles coûts de calcul, de faible utilisation d'énergie et l'absence de bases de données. Basée sur les récents résultats dans les deux estimations statistiques paramétriques et non-paramétriques, ainsi que la représentation parcimonieuse. Cette étude propose quelques techniques non seulement pour améliorer la qualité et l'intelligibilité de la parole, mais aussi pour s'attaquer au débruitage du signal audio en général.La thèse est divisée en deux parties ; Dans la première partie, on aborde le problème d'estimation de la densité spectrale de puissance du bruit, particulièrement pour le bruit non-stationnaire. Ce problème est une des parties principales du traitement de la parole du mono-capteur. La méthode proposée prend en compte le modèle parcimonieux de la parole dans le domaine transféré. Lorsque la densité spectrale de puissance du bruit est estimée, une approche sémantique est exploitée pour tenir compte de la présence ou de l'absence de la parole dans la deuxième partie. En combinant l'estimation Bayésienne et la détection Neyman-Pearson, quelques estimateurs paramétriques sont développés et testés dans le domaine Fourier. Pour approfondir la performance et la robustesse de débruitage du signal audio, une approche semi-paramétrique est considérée. La conjointe détection et estimation peut être interprétée par Smoothed Sigmoid-Based Shrinkage (SSBS). Ainsi, la méthode Bloc-SSBS est proposée afin de prendre en compte les atomes voisinages dans le domaine temporel-fréquentiel. De plus, pour améliorer fructueusement la qualité de la parole et du signal audio, un estimateur Bayésien est aussi dérivé et combiné avec la méthode Bloc-SSBS. L'efficacité et la pertinence de la stratégie dans le domaine transformée cosinus pour les débruitages de la parole et de l'audio sont confirmées par les résultats expérimentaux. / This PhD thesis deals with one of the most challenging problem in speech enhancement for assisted listening where only one micro is available with the low computational cost, the low power usage and the lack out of the database. Based on the novel and recent results both in non-parametric and parametric statistical estimation and sparse representation, this thesis work proposes several techniques for not only improving speech quality and intelligibility and but also tackling the denoising problem of the other audio signal. In the first major part, our work addresses the problem of the noise power spectrum estimation, especially for non-stationary noise, that is the key part in the single channel speech enhancement. The proposed approach takes into account the weak-sparseness model of speech in the transformed model. Once the noise power spectrum has been estimated, a semantic road is exploited to take into consideration the presence or absence of speech in the second major part. By applying the joint of the Bayesian estimator and the Neyman-Pearson detection, some parametric estimators were developed and tested in the discrete Fourier transform domain. For further improve performance and robustness in audio denoising, a semi-parametric approach is considered. The joint detection and estimation can be interpreted by Smoothed Sigmoid-Based Shrinkage (SSBS). Thus, Block-SSBS is proposed to take into additionally account the neighborhood bins in the time-frequency domain. Moreover, in order to enhance fruitfully speech and audio, a Bayesian estimator is also derived and combined with Block-SSBS. The effectiveness and relevance of this strategy in the discrete Cosine transform for both speech and audio denoising are confirmed by experimental results.

Le cadre général des travaux de cette thèse est la chaîne logistique des pièces de rechange et particulièrement l’amélioration de sa performance en prévision et en gestion des stocks à plusieurs niveaux de service. La spécificité d’une demande faible et erratique ne permet pas l’utilisation des approches classiques de prévision. Par ailleurs, les mesures de performance associées reposant sur des indicateurs purement statistiques ne reflètent pas nécessairement les objectifs de gestion d’une chaîne logistique qui cherche à s’aligner avec différents niveaux d’exigence des contrats de maintenance. Après une description des processus et des outils en prévision et en gestion de stocks utilisés dans ce contexte, ces travaux proposent de nouvelles approches de sélection des méthodes de prévisions qui intègrent prévision et gestion de stocks, qui permettent la priorisation en service ou en inventaire et qui utilisent une segmentation par profil de la demande et par niveau de maturité des pièces. Par la suite, ces travaux considèrent le cas de la différenciation client dans le modèle de gestion de stocks basé sur des prévisions, en comparant la performance de la politique à niveau critique avec les politiques classiques à stock commun ou séparé. Chaque processus étudié a été accompagné d’une analyse comparative entre différentes méthodes de prévisions et politiques de gestion de stocks sur des données réelles du cas d’application industrielle de la chaine logistique de GE Healthcare. Ce qui a permis de construire un ensemble de recommandations en fonction de la segmentation de la pièce et des priorités des décideurs. / The main scope of these works is the spare parts supply chain management, particularly the improvement of forecasting and inventory management performance. The specificity of low and erratic demand does not allow the use of conventional approaches of forecasting. Moreover, the associated performance measurements, based on purely statistical indicators, are not adapted to this context. Indeed, it should align with different levels of expectations of the maintenance contracts. After a presentation of the processes and tools used by the dedicated literature. Here we propose new performance analysis approaches seeking to combine the statistical performance of forecasting methods and inventory management performance while considering decision makers priorities and using demand pattern as well as parts age segmentations. These works also address the use of customer differentiation in the inventory model based on forecasting, by comparing the performance of the critical level policy with the common stock and separated stock policies. Each studied process was associated with a comparative analysis of different forecasting methods and inventory management models based on real data of the spare parts supply chain of GE Healthcare, which allowed us to define a set of methods and parameters recommendations according to both part segmentations and supply chain priorities.

As Práticas de Movimento Corporal no Tempo Livre (PMCTL) fazem parte das manifestações culturais dos mais diferentes grupos sociais. Como práticas culturais, as PMCTL mudam quanto a forma, produtores, atores e significados, de acordo com as transformações dos contextos sócio-históricos nos quais elas se inserem. Independentemente dessas características, um aspecto que parece não deixar dúvidas é que as PMCTL ocupam um espaço social relevante, já que a maioria dos grupos sociais, com suas diferentes formas e dinâmicas, as têm criado, conservado, transmitido e transformado. Os estudos socioculturais têm se preocupado com esse fenômeno, procurando entender o papel que as PMCTL podem desempenhar no campo cultural, assim como desvendar, entre outros aspectos, de que maneira os sujeitos estabelecem vínculos e constroem significados sobre tais práticas. Tendo como referência esse campo teórico, esta pesquisa buscou compreender os aspectos socioculturais que subjazem ao envolvimento dos sujeitos com as PMCTL. Mais precisamente, pergunta-se: quais são as relações entre as disposições dos indivíduos para o envolvimento com as PMCTL e a localização e a trajetória biográfica dos mesmos no espaço social? Analiticamente, procurou-se sustentação nos trabalhos de Pierre Bourdieu e Bernard Lahire. O primeiro autor subsidiou o estudo da distribuição social das PMCTL no espaço social, enquanto o segundo, na análise das disposições atualizadas nas PMCTL e na interpretação da constituição das mesmas. A investigação constou de três etapas, cada uma orientada por objetivos específicos que, conjugados, procuraram auxiliar na construção das respostas para o problema de pesquisa. Na primeira etapa, descreveu-se a distribuição e o envolvimento com PMCTL da população de Porto Alegre, conforme a posição dos sujeitos (entre 25 e 65 anos, com atividade principal remunerada) no espaço social, estabelecida com base na macroposição de classe. Para tal, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa survey por questionário (n 1.090). Na segunda fase, os objetivos específicos tiveram como propósito analisar as características do envolvimento com PMCTL de sujeitos com perfis diferenciados de consumos culturais e também conhecer as possíveis relações entre disposições atualizadas no universo das PMCTL e as subjacentes em outras esferas da vida social. Com esse propósito, foram desenvolvidos dois procedimentos metodológicos. Primeiro, com base um levantamento específico sobre as práticas culturais da população de Porto Alegre, através de uma pesquisa survey por entrevista com amostra por cota, com ponderações desproporcionais (n 486): a) a convergência/divergência dos consumos culturais dos sujeitos e o vínculo com o espaço social ocupado; e b) a relação entre o grau de consonância/dissonância de legitimidade das práticas culturais dos sujeitos da amostra e o envolvimento com PMCTL. O segundo processo metodológico teve por objetivo conhecer o significado atribuído às PMCTL por sujeitos localizados em espaços sociais distantes, com perfis de consumos culturais diferentes, e os possíveis vínculos desses significados com práticas culturais no universo do cuidado do corpo e da sociabilidade. Essa parte do estudo consistiu num estudo de casos selecionados. Foram descritos na pesquisa seis casos, analisados em diálogo com outros 17. Os sujeitos que participaram dessa parte da pesquisa foram escolhidos a partir da amostra da segunda etapa, considerando a combinação de macroposição de classe e gênero e envolvimento com PMCTL convergentes e divergentes com as tendências estatísticas do grupo social de referência. Finalmente, na terceira etapa da pesquisa, procurou-se compreender a combinação dos fatores específicos da classe social à qual o sujeito pertence (e/ou pertenceu) e a trajetória biográfica deste em tal universo, na constituição de suas disposições e na relação com o envolvimento em PMCTL. Metodologicamente, nessa fase do estudo, desenvolveram-se dois retratos sociológicos de casos escolhidos da etapa anterior com base nos critérios de convergência/divergência entre o envolvimento dos sujeitos e as tendências identificadas no espaço social a que pertencem e a consonância/dissonância entre suas práticas culturais. O conjunto dos procedimentos desenvolvidos permite afirmar que: a) A classe social condiciona marcadamente o envolvimento com PMCTL, em menor medida também o tipo de prática realizada – o gênero é mais determinante nesse aspecto; b) A renda aparece fortemente associada com o envolvimento com PMCTL e também há uma associação entre maior envolvimento com exercícios físicos e esportes e menor participação no trabalho doméstico; c) A convergência (legítima e pouco legítima) e a dissonância de consumos culturais parecem não se associar de forma consistente com o tipo de PMCTL e o significado atribuído a estas; d) Sujeitos localizados num mesmo espaço social e com perfis culturais similares podem significar as mesmas PMCTL de formas diferentes; e) A prática de exercício físico entre mulheres de classes populares parece estar mais fortemente associada à intervenção sobre problemas manifestos do que a práticas preventivas e/ou de lazer; f) Entre as mulheres das classes sociais mais altas, há maior probabilidade de a prática assumir um caráter preventivo e de lazer; g) Entre os homens, independentemente da classe, o envolvimento com a PMCTL tende a ser orientado pelo lazer (e identificação) e práticas mais terapêuticas/reparadoras do que preventivas/conservativas, ainda que seja mais provável que possa assumir esse caráter entre sujeitos de classe mais alta; h) A prática de exercícios físicos, tanto em homens como mulheres, vincula-se com disposições de cuidado do corpo mais amplas (alimentação, estética), o que não ocorre com a prática de esportes; i) Disposições que subjazem as práticas corporais não são comuns ao conjunto das práticas culturais dos sujeitos; j) As disposições para o envolvimento com PMCTL são construídas nas relações de sociabilidade dos sujeitos, restringidas pelas condições objetivas de vida; e k) As PMCTL parecem ter um peso distintivo muito menor do que outras práticas culturais (música, por exemplo) e, particularmente, não carregam um potencial desclassificador em sua prática, talvez mais na forma ou no contexto da prática. / Body movement practices during spare time (BMPST) form part of the cultural manifestation of different sectors of society. As in other cultural practices, BMPST may vary in terms of type, creation, production and meaning, according to the social and historical context in which they occur. Despite these variations, BMPST have always played a significant role in society; different social groups have been creating, preserving, transmitting and transforming them in their dynamic and different forms over the years. Social and cultural studies have been involved in this phenomenon, by attempting to elucidate what could be the exact role of BMPST in the cultural field and to reveal, among other aspects, how personal connections are created and how ideas on such practices are formed. With this in mind, the aim of the present study was to develop an understanding of social and cultural aspects implicated in individuals‟ motivation towards BMPST. In particular, we inquired whether a correlation could be established between the motivation of individuals towards BMPST and their position/biographic trajectory in society. Analytically, we looked for support in works developed by Pierre Bourdieu and Bernard Lahire. Bordieu‟s theories gave rise to the study of social distribution of BMPST in society, whilst Lahire‟s lead to the updated analysis of motivation for BMPST and to the interpretation of their structure. This investigation consisted of three steps: each addressed specific aims which, when taken together, combined to yield answers to the postulated research questions. The first step described the distribution and involvement of Porto Alegre inhabitants in BMPST, according to their position in society (subjects aged between 25 and 65, in paid employment), based on broad class structure. For this, a survey questionnaire was drawn up (n 1.090). In the second step, specific aims were to analyze the involvement of subjects with different cultural interests in BMPST and to acknowledge possible associations between updated motivations towards BMPST and towards other fields in the subjects‟ social life. Two methodological procedures were developed to achieve this. The first was based on a specific survey about cultural practices among Porto Alegre inhabitants, using a questionnaire with stratified sampling and unequal sampling fractions (n 486): a) convergence/divergence of subjects‟ cultural interests and their relation with the social position that they occupy; and b) the correlation between consonance/dissonance degrees of subjects‟ cultural practices in the samples analyzed, and their involvement with BMPST. The second methodological procedure aimed to understand the significance attributed to BMPST by subjects of different social position and with different social interests, and the possible association between these factors and cultural practices in the universe of aesthetics and sociability. This part of the study involved the analysis of selected cases. Six cases were analyzed in association with another 17. Subjects that took part on this study were chosen from the sample used in the second step, considering the combination of class and gender structure and the involvement of convergent or divergent BMPST with statistical tendencies of the social reference group. The third and final step of this research aimed to understand the association between an individual‟s particular social class features and their biographical trajectory, on the creation of their motivation and involvement in BMPST. Methodologically, in this stage of the study, two sociological portraits of cases were chosen from the previous step, based on motivation of subjects towards convergence/divergence criteria and tendencies recognized in the social location to which they belong, and consonance/dissonance in their social practices. The procedures developed allow us to state that: a) Social class profoundly influences one individual‟s involvement with BMPST; less intensely, it also influences the kind of practice performed – gender is more relevant in this respect; b) Income is strongly associated to individuals‟ involvement with BMPST and there is also an association between the frequency of physical exercise/sports and a lower significant involvement in domestic work; c) Convergence (legitimate and less legitimate) and dissonance of cultural interests are not consistently associated with the kind of BMPST and the significance to them attributed; d) Subjects belonging to the same social location and with similar cultural profiles can understand the same BMPST in different ways; e) the practice of physical exercise amongst women from the more prevalent classes is more often a consequence of existing body problems than due to prevention practices or leisure; f) Among women from higher social classes, BMPST is most commonly associated with leisure and avoiding situations prejudicial to health; g) Among men, independently of their social class, BMPST are usually related to leisure and most commonly involved with therapeutic/repairing and not so much with preventive/conservative practices, although the latter may appear among individuals of higher social classes; h) Among men and women, practicing physical exercise is associated with broader body concerns (aesthetics, healthier diet), contrasting with what usually happens in sporting practice; i) Motivations implicated in physical practices diverge from common cultural practices of the subjects; j) Motivation to BMPST are based on subjects‟ sociability, and limited by their objective life conditions; and k) BMPST seem to have a smaller distinctive weight when compared with other cultural practices (music, for example) and, in particular, do not possess a potential for breaking down class differences. / Las Prácticas de Movimiento Corporal en el Tiempo Libre (PMCTL)forman parte de las manifestaciones culturales de los más diferentes grupos sociales. Como prácticas culturales, las PMCTL refieren a diferentes condiciones de producción , actores, significados y función, de acuerdo con las transformaciones de los contextos socio-históricos en los cuales ellas se insertan. Independientemente de esas características, un aspecto que parece no dejar dudas es que las PMCTL ocupan un espacio social relevante, ya que la mayoría de los grupos sociales, con sus diferentes formas y dinámicas, las han creado, conservado, transmitido y transformado. Los estudios socioculturales se han ocupado de este fenómeno, buscando entender el papel que las PMCTL pueden desempeñar en el campo cultural, como también develar, entre otros aspectos, de qué manera los sujetos establecen vínculos y construyen significados sobre tales prácticas. Teniendo como referencia ese campo teórico, esta investigación busca comprender los aspectos socioculturales que subyacen a la participación de los sujetos en las PMCTL. Más precisamente, preguntarse: ¿cuáles son las relaciones entre las disposiciones de los sujetos para participar de PMCTL y su localización y trayectoria biográfica en el espacio social? Analíticamente, esta tesis procura sustentación en los trabajos de Pierre Bourdieu y Bernard Lahire. El primer autor orienta el estudio de la distribución social de las PMCTL en el espacio social, mientras el segundo, promueve el análisis de las disposiciones actualizadas en las PMCTL y en la interpretación de su constitución. La investigación consta de tres etapas, cada una orientada por objetivos específicos que, conjugados, procuran auxiliar en la construcción de las respuestas para el problema de investigación. En la primera etapa, se describe la participación en PMCTL de los habitantes de la Ciudad de Porto Alegre - Brasil, conforme a la posición de los sujetos (entre 25 y 65 años, con actividad principal remunerada) en el espacio social, establecida con base en la macroposición de clase. Para esto, fue desarrollada una investigación survey por cuestionario (n 1090). En la segunda etapa , los objetivos específicos tuvieron como propósito analizar las características de la participación en PMCTL de sujetos con perfiles diferentes de consumos culturales, y también conocer las posibles relaciones entre las disposiciones actualizadas en el universo de las PMCTL y las subyacentes en otras esferas de la vida social. Con este propósito, fueron desarrollados dos procedimientos metodológicos. El Primero, en base a un relevamiento específico sobre las prácticas culturales de los habitantes de Porto Alegre, a través de una investigación survey por entrevista con una muestra por cuota, con ponderación no-proporcional (n 486),donde se investigó: a) la convergencia/divergencia de los consumos culturales de los sujetos y el vínculo con el espacio social ocupado; y b) la relación entre el grado de consonancia/disonancia de legitimidad de las prácticas culturales de los sujetos de la muestra y la participación en PMCTL. El segundo procedimiento metodológico tuvo por objetivo conocer el significado atribuido a la participación en PMCTL por sujetos localizados en espacios sociales distantes, con perfiles de consumos culturales diferentes, y los posibles vínculos de esos significados con prácticas culturales relacionadas al cuidado del cuerpo y de la sociabilidad. Este momento de la tesis consistió en un estudio de casos seleccionados. Fueron descritos en la investigación seis casos, analizados comparativamente? con otros 17. Los sujetos que participaron fueron elegidos a partir de la muestra de la segunda etapa, considerando la combinación de macroposición de clase, género y participación en PMCTL convergentes y divergentes con las tendencias estadísticas del grupo social de referencia. Finalmente, en la tercer etapa de la investigación, se procuró comprender la combinación de los factores específicos de la clase social a la cual el sujeto pertenece (y/o perteneció) y su trayectoria biográfica en dicho universo, en la constitución de sus disposiciones y en la relación de éstas con la participación en PMCTL. Metodológicamente, en esta fase del estudio, se confeccionaron dos retratos sociológicos de casos elegidos de la etapa anterior pertenecientes al mismo espacio social, más participantes de PMCTL diferentes (convergentes e divergentes con las tendencias identificadas en el espacio social a que pertenecen). El conjunto de los procedimientos desarrollados en las tres etapas de la investigación? permite afirmar que: a) La clase social condiciona marcadamente la participación en PMCTL y, en menor medida, también el tipo de práctica realizada – el género es más determinante en ese aspecto; b) La renta aparece fuertemente asociada con la participación en PMCTL, también hay una asociación entre la mayor práctica de ejercicios físicos y deportes y la menor participación en el trabajo doméstico; c) La consonancia (legítima y poco legítima) y la disonancia de consumos culturales parecen no estar asociados de forma consistente con el tipo de PMCTL y el significado atribuido a estas; d) Sujetos localizados en un mismo espacio social y con perfiles culturales similares pueden significar las mismas PMCTL de formas diferentes; e) La práctica de ejercicios físicos entre mujeres de clase popular parece estar más directamente asociada a la intervención sobre problemas manifiestos que a prácticas preventivas y/o de ocio; f) Entre las mujeres de las clases sociales más altas, hay mayor probabilidad de la práctica asumir un carácter preventivo y de ocio; g) Entre los hombres, independientemente de la clase, la participación en PMCTL tiende a ser orientada por el ocio (e identificación) y por prácticas más terapéuticas/reparadoras que preventivas/conservativas, aunque sea más probable que asuma este carácter entre sujetos de clase más alta; h) La práctica en ejercicios físicos, tanto en hombres como en mujeres, se vincula con disposiciones de cuidado del cuerpo más amplias (alimentación, estética), lo que no ocurre con la práctica de deportes; i) Las disposiciones que subyacen a las prácticas corporales no son comunes al conjunto de las prácticas culturales de los sujetos; j) Las disposiciones para la participación en PMCTL son construidas en las relaciones de socialización de los sujetos, restringidas por las condiciones objetivas de vida; y k) Las PMCTL parecen tener un peso distintivo mucho menor que otras prácticas culturales (música, por ejemplo) y, particularmente, no cargan un potencial desclasificador en su práctica, posiblemente en la forma o en el contexto de la práctica.

As Práticas de Movimento Corporal no Tempo Livre (PMCTL) fazem parte das manifestações culturais dos mais diferentes grupos sociais. Como práticas culturais, as PMCTL mudam quanto a forma, produtores, atores e significados, de acordo com as transformações dos contextos sócio-históricos nos quais elas se inserem. Independentemente dessas características, um aspecto que parece não deixar dúvidas é que as PMCTL ocupam um espaço social relevante, já que a maioria dos grupos sociais, com suas diferentes formas e dinâmicas, as têm criado, conservado, transmitido e transformado. Os estudos socioculturais têm se preocupado com esse fenômeno, procurando entender o papel que as PMCTL podem desempenhar no campo cultural, assim como desvendar, entre outros aspectos, de que maneira os sujeitos estabelecem vínculos e constroem significados sobre tais práticas. Tendo como referência esse campo teórico, esta pesquisa buscou compreender os aspectos socioculturais que subjazem ao envolvimento dos sujeitos com as PMCTL. Mais precisamente, pergunta-se: quais são as relações entre as disposições dos indivíduos para o envolvimento com as PMCTL e a localização e a trajetória biográfica dos mesmos no espaço social? Analiticamente, procurou-se sustentação nos trabalhos de Pierre Bourdieu e Bernard Lahire. O primeiro autor subsidiou o estudo da distribuição social das PMCTL no espaço social, enquanto o segundo, na análise das disposições atualizadas nas PMCTL e na interpretação da constituição das mesmas. A investigação constou de três etapas, cada uma orientada por objetivos específicos que, conjugados, procuraram auxiliar na construção das respostas para o problema de pesquisa. Na primeira etapa, descreveu-se a distribuição e o envolvimento com PMCTL da população de Porto Alegre, conforme a posição dos sujeitos (entre 25 e 65 anos, com atividade principal remunerada) no espaço social, estabelecida com base na macroposição de classe. Para tal, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa survey por questionário (n 1.090). Na segunda fase, os objetivos específicos tiveram como propósito analisar as características do envolvimento com PMCTL de sujeitos com perfis diferenciados de consumos culturais e também conhecer as possíveis relações entre disposições atualizadas no universo das PMCTL e as subjacentes em outras esferas da vida social. Com esse propósito, foram desenvolvidos dois procedimentos metodológicos. Primeiro, com base um levantamento específico sobre as práticas culturais da população de Porto Alegre, através de uma pesquisa survey por entrevista com amostra por cota, com ponderações desproporcionais (n 486): a) a convergência/divergência dos consumos culturais dos sujeitos e o vínculo com o espaço social ocupado; e b) a relação entre o grau de consonância/dissonância de legitimidade das práticas culturais dos sujeitos da amostra e o envolvimento com PMCTL. O segundo processo metodológico teve por objetivo conhecer o significado atribuído às PMCTL por sujeitos localizados em espaços sociais distantes, com perfis de consumos culturais diferentes, e os possíveis vínculos desses significados com práticas culturais no universo do cuidado do corpo e da sociabilidade. Essa parte do estudo consistiu num estudo de casos selecionados. Foram descritos na pesquisa seis casos, analisados em diálogo com outros 17. Os sujeitos que participaram dessa parte da pesquisa foram escolhidos a partir da amostra da segunda etapa, considerando a combinação de macroposição de classe e gênero e envolvimento com PMCTL convergentes e divergentes com as tendências estatísticas do grupo social de referência. Finalmente, na terceira etapa da pesquisa, procurou-se compreender a combinação dos fatores específicos da classe social à qual o sujeito pertence (e/ou pertenceu) e a trajetória biográfica deste em tal universo, na constituição de suas disposições e na relação com o envolvimento em PMCTL. Metodologicamente, nessa fase do estudo, desenvolveram-se dois retratos sociológicos de casos escolhidos da etapa anterior com base nos critérios de convergência/divergência entre o envolvimento dos sujeitos e as tendências identificadas no espaço social a que pertencem e a consonância/dissonância entre suas práticas culturais. O conjunto dos procedimentos desenvolvidos permite afirmar que: a) A classe social condiciona marcadamente o envolvimento com PMCTL, em menor medida também o tipo de prática realizada – o gênero é mais determinante nesse aspecto; b) A renda aparece fortemente associada com o envolvimento com PMCTL e também há uma associação entre maior envolvimento com exercícios físicos e esportes e menor participação no trabalho doméstico; c) A convergência (legítima e pouco legítima) e a dissonância de consumos culturais parecem não se associar de forma consistente com o tipo de PMCTL e o significado atribuído a estas; d) Sujeitos localizados num mesmo espaço social e com perfis culturais similares podem significar as mesmas PMCTL de formas diferentes; e) A prática de exercício físico entre mulheres de classes populares parece estar mais fortemente associada à intervenção sobre problemas manifestos do que a práticas preventivas e/ou de lazer; f) Entre as mulheres das classes sociais mais altas, há maior probabilidade de a prática assumir um caráter preventivo e de lazer; g) Entre os homens, independentemente da classe, o envolvimento com a PMCTL tende a ser orientado pelo lazer (e identificação) e práticas mais terapêuticas/reparadoras do que preventivas/conservativas, ainda que seja mais provável que possa assumir esse caráter entre sujeitos de classe mais alta; h) A prática de exercícios físicos, tanto em homens como mulheres, vincula-se com disposições de cuidado do corpo mais amplas (alimentação, estética), o que não ocorre com a prática de esportes; i) Disposições que subjazem as práticas corporais não são comuns ao conjunto das práticas culturais dos sujeitos; j) As disposições para o envolvimento com PMCTL são construídas nas relações de sociabilidade dos sujeitos, restringidas pelas condições objetivas de vida; e k) As PMCTL parecem ter um peso distintivo muito menor do que outras práticas culturais (música, por exemplo) e, particularmente, não carregam um potencial desclassificador em sua prática, talvez mais na forma ou no contexto da prática. / Body movement practices during spare time (BMPST) form part of the cultural manifestation of different sectors of society. As in other cultural practices, BMPST may vary in terms of type, creation, production and meaning, according to the social and historical context in which they occur. Despite these variations, BMPST have always played a significant role in society; different social groups have been creating, preserving, transmitting and transforming them in their dynamic and different forms over the years. Social and cultural studies have been involved in this phenomenon, by attempting to elucidate what could be the exact role of BMPST in the cultural field and to reveal, among other aspects, how personal connections are created and how ideas on such practices are formed. With this in mind, the aim of the present study was to develop an understanding of social and cultural aspects implicated in individuals‟ motivation towards BMPST. In particular, we inquired whether a correlation could be established between the motivation of individuals towards BMPST and their position/biographic trajectory in society. Analytically, we looked for support in works developed by Pierre Bourdieu and Bernard Lahire. Bordieu‟s theories gave rise to the study of social distribution of BMPST in society, whilst Lahire‟s lead to the updated analysis of motivation for BMPST and to the interpretation of their structure. This investigation consisted of three steps: each addressed specific aims which, when taken together, combined to yield answers to the postulated research questions. The first step described the distribution and involvement of Porto Alegre inhabitants in BMPST, according to their position in society (subjects aged between 25 and 65, in paid employment), based on broad class structure. For this, a survey questionnaire was drawn up (n 1.090). In the second step, specific aims were to analyze the involvement of subjects with different cultural interests in BMPST and to acknowledge possible associations between updated motivations towards BMPST and towards other fields in the subjects‟ social life. Two methodological procedures were developed to achieve this. The first was based on a specific survey about cultural practices among Porto Alegre inhabitants, using a questionnaire with stratified sampling and unequal sampling fractions (n 486): a) convergence/divergence of subjects‟ cultural interests and their relation with the social position that they occupy; and b) the correlation between consonance/dissonance degrees of subjects‟ cultural practices in the samples analyzed, and their involvement with BMPST. The second methodological procedure aimed to understand the significance attributed to BMPST by subjects of different social position and with different social interests, and the possible association between these factors and cultural practices in the universe of aesthetics and sociability. This part of the study involved the analysis of selected cases. Six cases were analyzed in association with another 17. Subjects that took part on this study were chosen from the sample used in the second step, considering the combination of class and gender structure and the involvement of convergent or divergent BMPST with statistical tendencies of the social reference group. The third and final step of this research aimed to understand the association between an individual‟s particular social class features and their biographical trajectory, on the creation of their motivation and involvement in BMPST. Methodologically, in this stage of the study, two sociological portraits of cases were chosen from the previous step, based on motivation of subjects towards convergence/divergence criteria and tendencies recognized in the social location to which they belong, and consonance/dissonance in their social practices. The procedures developed allow us to state that: a) Social class profoundly influences one individual‟s involvement with BMPST; less intensely, it also influences the kind of practice performed – gender is more relevant in this respect; b) Income is strongly associated to individuals‟ involvement with BMPST and there is also an association between the frequency of physical exercise/sports and a lower significant involvement in domestic work; c) Convergence (legitimate and less legitimate) and dissonance of cultural interests are not consistently associated with the kind of BMPST and the significance to them attributed; d) Subjects belonging to the same social location and with similar cultural profiles can understand the same BMPST in different ways; e) the practice of physical exercise amongst women from the more prevalent classes is more often a consequence of existing body problems than due to prevention practices or leisure; f) Among women from higher social classes, BMPST is most commonly associated with leisure and avoiding situations prejudicial to health; g) Among men, independently of their social class, BMPST are usually related to leisure and most commonly involved with therapeutic/repairing and not so much with preventive/conservative practices, although the latter may appear among individuals of higher social classes; h) Among men and women, practicing physical exercise is associated with broader body concerns (aesthetics, healthier diet), contrasting with what usually happens in sporting practice; i) Motivations implicated in physical practices diverge from common cultural practices of the subjects; j) Motivation to BMPST are based on subjects‟ sociability, and limited by their objective life conditions; and k) BMPST seem to have a smaller distinctive weight when compared with other cultural practices (music, for example) and, in particular, do not possess a potential for breaking down class differences. / Las Prácticas de Movimiento Corporal en el Tiempo Libre (PMCTL)forman parte de las manifestaciones culturales de los más diferentes grupos sociales. Como prácticas culturales, las PMCTL refieren a diferentes condiciones de producción , actores, significados y función, de acuerdo con las transformaciones de los contextos socio-históricos en los cuales ellas se insertan. Independientemente de esas características, un aspecto que parece no dejar dudas es que las PMCTL ocupan un espacio social relevante, ya que la mayoría de los grupos sociales, con sus diferentes formas y dinámicas, las han creado, conservado, transmitido y transformado. Los estudios socioculturales se han ocupado de este fenómeno, buscando entender el papel que las PMCTL pueden desempeñar en el campo cultural, como también develar, entre otros aspectos, de qué manera los sujetos establecen vínculos y construyen significados sobre tales prácticas. Teniendo como referencia ese campo teórico, esta investigación busca comprender los aspectos socioculturales que subyacen a la participación de los sujetos en las PMCTL. Más precisamente, preguntarse: ¿cuáles son las relaciones entre las disposiciones de los sujetos para participar de PMCTL y su localización y trayectoria biográfica en el espacio social? Analíticamente, esta tesis procura sustentación en los trabajos de Pierre Bourdieu y Bernard Lahire. El primer autor orienta el estudio de la distribución social de las PMCTL en el espacio social, mientras el segundo, promueve el análisis de las disposiciones actualizadas en las PMCTL y en la interpretación de su constitución. La investigación consta de tres etapas, cada una orientada por objetivos específicos que, conjugados, procuran auxiliar en la construcción de las respuestas para el problema de investigación. En la primera etapa, se describe la participación en PMCTL de los habitantes de la Ciudad de Porto Alegre - Brasil, conforme a la posición de los sujetos (entre 25 y 65 años, con actividad principal remunerada) en el espacio social, establecida con base en la macroposición de clase. Para esto, fue desarrollada una investigación survey por cuestionario (n 1090). En la segunda etapa , los objetivos específicos tuvieron como propósito analizar las características de la participación en PMCTL de sujetos con perfiles diferentes de consumos culturales, y también conocer las posibles relaciones entre las disposiciones actualizadas en el universo de las PMCTL y las subyacentes en otras esferas de la vida social. Con este propósito, fueron desarrollados dos procedimientos metodológicos. El Primero, en base a un relevamiento específico sobre las prácticas culturales de los habitantes de Porto Alegre, a través de una investigación survey por entrevista con una muestra por cuota, con ponderación no-proporcional (n 486),donde se investigó: a) la convergencia/divergencia de los consumos culturales de los sujetos y el vínculo con el espacio social ocupado; y b) la relación entre el grado de consonancia/disonancia de legitimidad de las prácticas culturales de los sujetos de la muestra y la participación en PMCTL. El segundo procedimiento metodológico tuvo por objetivo conocer el significado atribuido a la participación en PMCTL por sujetos localizados en espacios sociales distantes, con perfiles de consumos culturales diferentes, y los posibles vínculos de esos significados con prácticas culturales relacionadas al cuidado del cuerpo y de la sociabilidad. Este momento de la tesis consistió en un estudio de casos seleccionados. Fueron descritos en la investigación seis casos, analizados comparativamente? con otros 17. Los sujetos que participaron fueron elegidos a partir de la muestra de la segunda etapa, considerando la combinación de macroposición de clase, género y participación en PMCTL convergentes y divergentes con las tendencias estadísticas del grupo social de referencia. Finalmente, en la tercer etapa de la investigación, se procuró comprender la combinación de los factores específicos de la clase social a la cual el sujeto pertenece (y/o perteneció) y su trayectoria biográfica en dicho universo, en la constitución de sus disposiciones y en la relación de éstas con la participación en PMCTL. Metodológicamente, en esta fase del estudio, se confeccionaron dos retratos sociológicos de casos elegidos de la etapa anterior pertenecientes al mismo espacio social, más participantes de PMCTL diferentes (convergentes e divergentes con las tendencias identificadas en el espacio social a que pertenecen). El conjunto de los procedimientos desarrollados en las tres etapas de la investigación? permite afirmar que: a) La clase social condiciona marcadamente la participación en PMCTL y, en menor medida, también el tipo de práctica realizada – el género es más determinante en ese aspecto; b) La renta aparece fuertemente asociada con la participación en PMCTL, también hay una asociación entre la mayor práctica de ejercicios físicos y deportes y la menor participación en el trabajo doméstico; c) La consonancia (legítima y poco legítima) y la disonancia de consumos culturales parecen no estar asociados de forma consistente con el tipo de PMCTL y el significado atribuido a estas; d) Sujetos localizados en un mismo espacio social y con perfiles culturales similares pueden significar las mismas PMCTL de formas diferentes; e) La práctica de ejercicios físicos entre mujeres de clase popular parece estar más directamente asociada a la intervención sobre problemas manifiestos que a prácticas preventivas y/o de ocio; f) Entre las mujeres de las clases sociales más altas, hay mayor probabilidad de la práctica asumir un carácter preventivo y de ocio; g) Entre los hombres, independientemente de la clase, la participación en PMCTL tiende a ser orientada por el ocio (e identificación) y por prácticas más terapéuticas/reparadoras que preventivas/conservativas, aunque sea más probable que asuma este carácter entre sujetos de clase más alta; h) La práctica en ejercicios físicos, tanto en hombres como en mujeres, se vincula con disposiciones de cuidado del cuerpo más amplias (alimentación, estética), lo que no ocurre con la práctica de deportes; i) Las disposiciones que subyacen a las prácticas corporales no son comunes al conjunto de las prácticas culturales de los sujetos; j) Las disposiciones para la participación en PMCTL son construidas en las relaciones de socialización de los sujetos, restringidas por las condiciones objetivas de vida; y k) Las PMCTL parecen tener un peso distintivo mucho menor que otras prácticas culturales (música, por ejemplo) y, particularmente, no cargan un potencial desclasificador en su práctica, posiblemente en la forma o en el contexto de la práctica.