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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Interactions spatiales entre régions européennes et politique de cohésion : quel effet sur le développement économique ? / Spatial interactions between cohesion policy and European regions : what effect on economic development?

Védrine, Lionel 22 April 2011 (has links)
La politique européenne de cohésion vise à réduire les disparités de développement économique entre les régions en proposant des subventions à l'investissement aux régions européennes les plus en retard. Cette politique s'inscrit dans le débat sur la répartition et l'évolution des activités dans l'espace.Cette thèse précise la manière dont les interactions spatiales entre régions influencent l'efficacité de la politique de cohésion européenne. Nous analysons notamment comment les interactions spatiales affectent trois aspects de la politique de cohésion.Dans un premier temps, nous présentons une stratégie d'estimation du processus deconvergence des régions européennes permettant d'intégrer ces propriétés spatiales dansun modèle dynamique en données de panel. Les résultats révèlent que la concentrationspatiale initiale des activités agit comme un frein à la convergence des régions les plusen retard. Celles-Ci ne peuvent bénéficier convenablement des effets de débordementéconomique (notamment technologique) alors que ce mécanisme explique une part importantede la croissance européenne. Ces résultats justifient donc la mise en place d'unepolitique d'aide au développement en faveur de ces régions... / European cohesion policy aims to reduce disparities in economic development betweenregions by providing investment subsidies to European regions lagging behind. Theevaluation of this policy is linked to the debate on the distribution of activities in spaceand its evolution.This thesis depicts how spatial interactions between regions influence the effectivenessof European cohesion policy. We analyze how such spatial interactions affect threeacpects whose study is crucial to support, understand and evaluate the cohesion policy.At first, we propose a strategy for estimating the convergence process of Europeanregions to integrate their spatial properties in a dynamic model using panel data. Theresults show that the initial spatial concentration of activities impedes the convergenceof the most lagged regions. They can't benefit adequately from economic spillover effects,including technology. This mechanism explains a large share of European growth. Theseresults therefore justify the establishment of a policy of development assistance for thedevelopment these regions...
2

Interactions spatiales et énergie / Spatial interactions and energy

Ndiaye, Youba 13 December 2018 (has links)
Au regard des dégâts environnementaux au cours des dernières années, il est important de mettre en œuvre des politiques environnementales efficaces afin de lutter contre le changement climatique, de préserver la biodiversité, et de réduire les pollutions de l'eau et de l'air. Le secteur énergétique est l'un des principaux contributeurs à la détérioration de l'environnement. Ainsi, afin d'atteindre les objectifs environnementaux, l'établissement de politiques énergétiques efficaces est primordial. A cet effet, il semble indispensable de mener une démarche inclusive et transversale en impliquant l'ensemble des acteurs des différents échelons (locaux, régionaux, nationaux, internationaux,...). Dès lors, l'identification de l’échelon optimal est cruciale dans une optique d'élaboration des politiques énergétiques efficaces. La thèse s'attache précisément à éclairer les enjeux liés à la fiscalité énergétique. Ainsi, l'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'analyser la nature des interactions environnementales, qu'elles soient entre régions ou Etats, en termes de fiscalité ou de dépenses environnementales. Les contributions de cette thèse sont à la fois théorique et empirique. D'un point de vue empirique, cette thèse s'est d'abord focalisée sur l’étude de la fiscalité énergétique sous l'angle des interactions spatiales. En particulier, le chapitre 1 teste la présence des interactions spatiales des départements français via la vignette automobile. Ce chapitre fournit une analyse empirique de la réaction de la politique fiscale d'un département français suite à un changement de la politique fiscale de ces voisins. Tout d'abord, en utilisant une approche économétrique spatiale en panel, les résultats montrent l'existence d'une dépendance spatiale positive, suggérant l'existence d'un comportement mimétique des départements français lors de la détermination des taux de la vignette automobile. Ensuite, ce chapitre met également en évidence une relation entre les impôts directs locaux et ceux indirects locaux. En particulier, les résultats des estimations montrent que le taux de la taxe professionnelle (resp. la taxe sur le foncier non bâti) et la vignette fiscale sont des substituts alors que le taux de la taxe d'habitation (resp. la taxe sur le foncier non bâti) sont des compléments à la vignette automobile. Enfin, les résultats montrent que les départements avec des populations plus grandes, plus jeunes et plus âgées fixent des montants plus élevés de la vignette automobile. D'un point de vue théorique, le but du chapitre 2 est d'analyser les interactions fiscales entre plusieurs niveaux de gouvernements (en particulier deux niveaux de décisions), dans lesquels il existe plusieurs juridictions de niveaux inférieurs identiques, telles que les États ou encore les collectivités locales, et une juridiction unique de premier plan, telle que l'Etat fédéral, un pays ou une union communautaire, toutes ces juridictions pouvant taxer deux bases fiscales à savoir, le capital et la ressource énergétique. Nous déterminons grâce à la formalisation théorique les implications en termes de distorsions fiscales de l'architecture fiscale dans le cadre d'une politique énergétique. En particulier, en recourant au jeu de Nash, nos résultats montrent d'une part une substitution entre les taxes fédérales et locales sur l'énergie impliquant que les gouvernements locaux augmentent leurs taux de taxation de l'énergie en réponse à une baisse du taux de la taxe fédérale sur l'énergie, toutes choses égales par ailleurs. D'autre part, nous constatons que les taxes locales sur l’énergie ont une incidence positive sur la qualité de l’environnement, ce qui suggère que la décentralisation de la politique énergétique peut jouer un rôle crucial pour atténuer les dommages environnementaux. Enfin, à travers le chapitre 3, nous testons d'un point de vue empirique l'existence d'une interdépendance spatiale entre les pays de l'OCDE via les dépenses environnementales. / In the light of environmental damage in recent years, it is important to implement effective environmental policies to combat climate change, preserve biodiversity, and reduce water and air pollution. The energy sector is one of the main contributors to the deterioration of the environment. Thus, in order to achieve environmental objectives, establishing effective energy policies is paramount. To this end, it seems essential to carry out an inclusive and transversal approach by involving all actors at different levels (local, regional, national, international, etc.). Therefore, identifying the optimal step is crucial for effective energy policy development. The thesis focuses on clarifying the issues related to energy taxation. Thus, the main objective of this thesis is to analyze the nature of environmental interactions, be they between regions or states, in terms of taxation or environmental expenses. The contributions of this are both theoretical and empirical.From an empirical point of view, this thesis first focuses on the study of energy taxation from the perspective of spatial interactions. In particular, Chapter 1 tests the presence of spatial interactions of French departments via the car sticker. This chapter provides an empirical analysis of the reaction of the tax policy of a French department following a change in the tax policy of these neighbors. First, by using a spatial econometric panel approach, the results show evidence of spatial dependence, suggesting the existence of a mimetic behavior of French departments when determining the rates of the car sticker. Next, this chapter also highlights a relationship between local direct taxes and indirect local taxes. In particular, the results of the estimates show that the rate of the business tax (or the tax on undeveloped land) and the road tax sticker are substitutes, whereas the residential tax rate (or the tax rate on developed land) are complements to the road tax sticker. Finally, the results show that departments with larger, younger and older populations are setting higher amounts of the car sticker.From a theoretical point of view, the purpose of Chapter 2 is to analyze the tax interactions between several levels of government (in particular two levels of decision-making), in which there are several jurisdictions of similar lower levels, such as local authorities, and a single leading jurisdiction, such as the federal state, a country or a community union, all of which can tax two tax bases, namely, capital and energy resources. Through theoretical formalization, we determine the implications in terms of tax distortions of tax architecture in the context of an energy policy. In particular, using the Nash game, our results show, on the one hand, a substitution between federal and local taxes on energy, implying that local governments increase their energy tax rates in response to a fall in the rate of energy. of the federal energy tax, all other things being equal. On the other hand, we find that local taxes on energy have a positive impact on the quality of the environment, suggesting that decentralization of energy policy can play a crucial role in mitigating environmental damage.Finally, in Chapter 3, we empirically test the existence of spatial interdependence among OECD countries through environmental spending. To this end, we use data from 30 OECD countries for the period 1994-2014 and a wide range of economic and political control variables.
3

Interações espaciais e sistemas de transporte público : uma abordagem para Bauru, Marília e Presidente Prudente /

Giraldi Cocco, Rodrigo. January 2011 (has links)
Orientador: Márcio Rogério Silveira / Banca: Maria Encarnação Beltrão Sposito / Banca: Ricardo Abid Castillo / Resumo: A presente dissertação objetiva uma reflexão sobre o transporte público coletivo das cidades de Bauru, Marília e Presidente, no Estado de São Paulo, a partir da análise dos elementos concretos que de modo combinado atuam na geração de profundas desigualdades de acesso à cidade, prejudicando as várias categorias de interações espaciais e, por conseguinte, a própria cidade enquanto condição geral de produção e condição geral de reprodução social. Estas cidades se destacam regionalmente pelos papéis intermediários que assumem na rede urbana paulista, bem como pela proeminência dos setores comerciais e de serviços. Contudo, também mostram indícios da negligência histórica do Estado no que se refere à oferta de serviços de utilidade pública de qualidade. As novas dinâmicas da economia brasileira, trazendo novíssimas demandas por produtividade e versatilidade por parte dos trabalhadores, torna imperiosa a melhoria da qualidade dos serviços de utilidade pública voltados à reprodução ampliada da força de trabalho e entre estes do transporte público coletivo. O transporte público coletivo por ônibus exige infraestruturas específicas e adaptação de infraestruturas de circulação para que a máxima eficiência das interações espaciais seja alcançada, devido ao conflito no espaço viário com os veículos privados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This dissertation aims at discussing the public transportation in the cities of Bauru, Marília and Presidente Prudente in the State of São Paulo, from the analysis of concrete elements that interact on the creation of deep inequalities in access to the city, what damages the various categories of spatial interactions and, as a consequence, impairs the town itself as a general condition of production and general condition of social reproduction. These towns stand out regionally by the intermediary role that they assume in the urban network in São Paulo, as well as their prominence in the trade and service sectors. There is also evidence, however, of historical negligence of the state regarding the provision of high quality public services. The new dynamics of the Brazilian economy, bringing new demands for productivity and versatility of workers, makes it imperative to improve the quality of public services directed to the expanded reproduction of the workforce and, among these, the public transportation. The public transportation by bus requires specific infrastructure and the adaptation of movement infrastructure in order to guarantee that the highest efficiency of spatial interactions is achieved, given congestion of the road space by private vehicles... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
4

O mar azul do Cabo Frio: análise geográfica das atividades ligadas ao mar / The blue waters of Cabo Frio: geographical analysis of the seafaring activies

Leonardo de Freitas Gonçalves 14 September 2007 (has links)
Tendo em vista a importância dos oceanos, o presente trabalho visa investigar os processos de formação e configuração do antigo território cabofriense, no litoral fluminense, a partir da presença do mar, ou seja, tendo o fator maritimidade como influência direta ou indireta na constituição do antigo município de Cabo Frio. Entendemos por antigo território cabofriense, o município de Cabo Frio até 13 de maio de 1986, data da emancipação de Arraial do Cabo, então distrito municipal. Posteriormente, em 12 de novembro de 1996, o também então distrito de Armação dos Búzios emancipou-se, dando origem a atual divisão político-administrativa. Ao longo da pesquisa, temos como fio condutor a análise das interações espaciais inerentes à configuração territorial, apresentando como pano de fundo a presença do mar, determinante para o desenvolvimento de atividades que ao longo do tempo se alternaram ou foram concomitantes como pilares da economia local. Objetiva-se ainda realizar uma comparação entre o antigo território (décadas de 1970 e 1980) e o atual, com as mudanças na relevância das atividades econômicas, administrativas e na ocupação populacional. Atividades como a pesca, o sal e o turismo se alternaram e/ou foram concomitantes na base da economia dos municípios em tela. / Looking the importance of the oceans, this work aims to investigate the processes of formation and configuration of the old territory of Cabo Frio, on the coast of Rio de Janeiro, from the presence of the sea, with the factor maritimity as direct or indirect influence on the formation of ancient city of Cabo Frio. We are understanding old Cabo Frio territory, the municipality of Cabo Frio to May 13, 1986, the date of emancipation of Arraial do Cabo, then township. Subsequently, on November 12, 1996, also the then district of Armação dos Búzios emancipated itself, giving rise to current political-administrative division. Throughout this study, we lead by the analysis of spatial interactions inherent in the territorial configuration, with the backdrop of the presence of the sea is crucial for the development of activities that over time, switched or are concomitant as pillars of the local economy . Another goal is to make a comparison between the old country (the 1970 and 1980) and current with changes in relevant economic activities, administrative and occupancy population. Activities such as fishing, tourism and salt alternated and / or were concurrent at the base of the local economy on the scre
5

Dinâmicas territoriais e interações espaciais: o circuito espacial produtivo da avicultura de corte no município de Pocinhos-PB

Buriti, Maria Marta dos Santos 26 August 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Leonardo Cavalcante (leo.ocavalcante@gmail.com) on 2018-05-08T11:07:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 2259414 bytes, checksum: 7933670168794ed23b7c865ab45259b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T11:07:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 2259414 bytes, checksum: 7933670168794ed23b7c865ab45259b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Given the technical, political, economic and social which began to rationalize the geographical space in the globalization period, the feature of the territory is indicative of the progress of the capitalist mode of production in the different directions of space and the various local scenes. At the moment of our history, the geographical dissociation of production as a strategy for better flow of production processes clarified the concepts of productive spatial circuit and cooperation circles as fundamental theoretical and analytical tools for understanding the movement of economic activities in space and its developments in the organization, regulation and uses of the territory. In accordance with this thinking, this study points to a reading of the territorial dynamics of productive spatial circuit of poultry making in the municipality of Pocinhos-PB, from the action of two forces that, at different times, were made hegemonic. These forces, Azeven company and Agrobusiness Cialne in the light of competitive, organizational and individual technical factors were responsible for creating spatial interactions and distinct territorial dynamics in the productive space circuit of poultry making, which reverberated directly in the territory uses. Given this context, the objective of the research is to understand the spatial interactions and territorial dynamics in the productive space circuit court of poultry and its consequences in the territory of uses in Pocinhos-PB. The study revealed that, under the hegemony of Azeven action in the productive spatial circuit, the spatial interactions and territorial dynamics were designed from relational plots on a small scale, which reflected the accommodation of the competing demands on a forced circulation space inside the state of Paraiba. Already, under the hegemony of Cialne action in the productive spatial circuit of poultry making, the expansion of productive contexts and the expansion of flow spaces corroborated for the establishment of spatial interactions and more complex territorial dynamics that reached the complementarity levels necessary for the operation of the production circuit on a regional scale. Keywords: Spatial Productive Circuit, Poultry Production, Territory, Spatial Interactions. / Diante da ordem técnica, política, econômica e social que passou a racionalizar o espaço geográfico no período de globalização, a feição do território é indicativa dos avanços do modo de produção capitalista nas diferentes direções do espaço e nas diversas cenas territoriais. No atual momento de nossa história, a dissociação geográfica da produção como estratégia para melhor fluir os processos produtivos clarificou os conceitos de circuito espacial produtivo e de círculos de cooperação como instrumentos teórico-analíticos fundamentais para o entendimento do movimento das atividades econômicas no espaço e dos seus desdobramentos na organização, na regulação e nos usos do território. Em conformidade com esse pensamento, o presente trabalho aponta para uma leitura da dinâmica territorial do circuito espacial produtivo da avicultura de corte no município de Pocinhos-PB, a partir da ação de duas forças que, em períodos diferentes, fizeram-se hegemônicas. Essas forças, a empresa Azeven e a Agroindústria Cialne, à luz de fatores competitivos, organizacionais e técnicos particulares, foram responsáveis por criar interações espaciais e dinâmicas territoriais distintas no circuito espacial produtivo da avicultura de corte, que repercutiram diretamente nos usos do território. Considerando esse quadro, o objetivo da pesquisa consiste em compreender as interações espaciais e as dinâmicas territoriais no circuito espacial produtivo da avicultura de corte e os seus desdobramentos nos usos do território em Pocinhos-PB. O estudo revelou que, sob a ação hegemônica da Azeven no circuito espacial produtivo, as interações espaciais e as dinâmicas territoriais se projetaram a partir de tramas relacionais em pequena escala, o que refletiu a acomodação das demandas competitivas em um espaço de circulação constrangido no interior do estado da Paraíba. Já sob a ação hegemônica da Cialne no circuito espacial produtivo da avicultura de corte, o alargamento dos contextos produtivos e a expansão do espaço dos fluxos corroboraram para o estabelecimento de interações espaciais e dinâmicas territoriais mais complexas, que alcançam na escala regional os níveis de complementaridade necessários ao funcionamento do circuito produtivo. Palavras-chave: Circuito espacial produtivo, avicultura de corte, território, interações espaciais.
6

O mar azul do Cabo Frio: análise geográfica das atividades ligadas ao mar / The blue waters of Cabo Frio: geographical analysis of the seafaring activies

Leonardo de Freitas Gonçalves 14 September 2007 (has links)
Tendo em vista a importância dos oceanos, o presente trabalho visa investigar os processos de formação e configuração do antigo território cabofriense, no litoral fluminense, a partir da presença do mar, ou seja, tendo o fator maritimidade como influência direta ou indireta na constituição do antigo município de Cabo Frio. Entendemos por antigo território cabofriense, o município de Cabo Frio até 13 de maio de 1986, data da emancipação de Arraial do Cabo, então distrito municipal. Posteriormente, em 12 de novembro de 1996, o também então distrito de Armação dos Búzios emancipou-se, dando origem a atual divisão político-administrativa. Ao longo da pesquisa, temos como fio condutor a análise das interações espaciais inerentes à configuração territorial, apresentando como pano de fundo a presença do mar, determinante para o desenvolvimento de atividades que ao longo do tempo se alternaram ou foram concomitantes como pilares da economia local. Objetiva-se ainda realizar uma comparação entre o antigo território (décadas de 1970 e 1980) e o atual, com as mudanças na relevância das atividades econômicas, administrativas e na ocupação populacional. Atividades como a pesca, o sal e o turismo se alternaram e/ou foram concomitantes na base da economia dos municípios em tela. / Looking the importance of the oceans, this work aims to investigate the processes of formation and configuration of the old territory of Cabo Frio, on the coast of Rio de Janeiro, from the presence of the sea, with the factor maritimity as direct or indirect influence on the formation of ancient city of Cabo Frio. We are understanding old Cabo Frio territory, the municipality of Cabo Frio to May 13, 1986, the date of emancipation of Arraial do Cabo, then township. Subsequently, on November 12, 1996, also the then district of Armação dos Búzios emancipated itself, giving rise to current political-administrative division. Throughout this study, we lead by the analysis of spatial interactions inherent in the territorial configuration, with the backdrop of the presence of the sea is crucial for the development of activities that over time, switched or are concomitant as pillars of the local economy . Another goal is to make a comparison between the old country (the 1970 and 1980) and current with changes in relevant economic activities, administrative and occupancy population. Activities such as fishing, tourism and salt alternated and / or were concurrent at the base of the local economy on the scre
7

Instituição da Região Metropolitana de Goiânia – Goiás (1980-2010): configuração e interações espaciais entre os municípios / Establishment of Goiânia Metropolitan Region - Goiás (1980-2010): configuration and spatial interactions between municipalities

Cunha, Débora Ferreira da 16 May 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-06-09T10:28:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Débora Ferreira da Cunha - 2017.pdf: 16693929 bytes, checksum: c9fea6b8725c32b5c2c8d6d5f379339a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-06-09T11:50:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Débora Ferreira da Cunha - 2017.pdf: 16693929 bytes, checksum: c9fea6b8725c32b5c2c8d6d5f379339a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-09T11:50:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Débora Ferreira da Cunha - 2017.pdf: 16693929 bytes, checksum: c9fea6b8725c32b5c2c8d6d5f379339a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-16 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The goal of this research is to study territorial organization, growth and urban expansion of Goiânia’s metropolitan region, verified in the last three decades (1980-2010) and its insertion on the metropolization context. The detailed investigation process focused mainly on researching and analyzing relevant transformation occurred in the structural formation of the metropolitan territory and the spatial interactions among the region’s municipalities, by trying to relate them with the process of urbanization and metropolization. Initially we sought to approach the formation and territorial structure of Goiás and its urban dynamics of population distribution and economy. Beginning from 1980’s, there is a strong influence of the metropolitan phenomenon in Goiás, where metropolitan counties start to grow around Goiânia and Brasília composing urban agglomerations that started to represent the main spatialities of the state. Immediately, for a better characterization of the object of this study, we formulated a description and analysis of Goiânia’s Metropolitan Region (RMG) by investigating the formation process of Goiânia’s Urban Agglomerate, even the creation and institutionalization of RMG focusing on the region’s metropolitan expansion and its recent alterations based on the analysis of urban-metropolitan growth vectors. Next we approached and discussed the structuring of RMG beginning from its road system and metropolitan public transport network as form structuring elements and metropolitan integration with the intention of verifying its particular way of developing. Finally we performed the study of the cities and spatial interactions in RMG to demonstrate the metropolitan spatial configuration as a disaggregated form of territorial unity. Therefore, we observed the metropolis and all the cities that compose it and form a network of integrated cities under the theoretical perspective of the “geographical theory of cities' (PUMAIN, 2006, 2011) by considering the geographical differences of its cities, relative to population and work dimension as well as pendular mobility of the metropolitan population, which are established in other hierarchical multi directional articulations in the metropolitan territory. After the analysis of the metropolitan expansion vectors, it was then proved the hypothesis that the growth of Goiânia’s metropolitan region does not occur homogeneously and it presents its own differentiated dynamics, distinct from the classic homogeneous model of center-suburbs that predominated up until Goiânia’s metropolization. The study showed that there are, in fact, new urban-metropolitan processes and they are in conformity with recent urbanization processes, similar to what occurs in other urban agglomerations in Brazil and around the world. These new processes are more evident in the south vector of metropolis expansion, where new types of centrality production can be verified, with the combined presence of continuous and dispersed cores; formed by service equipment, closed vertical and horizontal condominiums and in other vectors, ecological condominiums, recreational small farms dispersed around the region - representing a metropolization - at the same time related to concentration and dispersion. The metropolitan spatial configuration is centered in the metropolis - Goiânia - and it has a striking part in the structuring of metropolitan interdependence logic, revealing a spatial pattern centralized in Goiânia, hierarchical and conurbated. In spite of the strong concentration on the capital, when territorial and spatial organization of Goiânia’s metropolitan subsystem is analysed, from a network of cities, by people’s everyday mobility, it was observed another hierarchical articulation in the metropolitan space, multi directional, in which cities inter relations, by pendular flows (2000/2010) are bidirectional, in part multilateral and semi reticular, transforming itself in a less hierarchical and flexible, yet more complex metropolitan subsystem. / A pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar a organização territorial, o crescimento e a expansão urbana da região metropolitana de Goiânia, verificadas nas três últimas décadas (1980-2010), e sua inserção no contexto da metropolização. A investigação detalhada do processo preocupou-se em pesquisar e analisar as transformações relevantes ocorridas na estruturação do território metropolitano, e as interações espaciais entre os municípios da região, buscando relacioná-las com os processos de urbanização e metropolização. Procuramos, inicialmente, abordar a formação e estrutura territorial de Goiás e suas dinâmicas urbanas de distribuição da população e da economia goiana. A partir de 1980, inicia-se uma forte influência do fenômeno metropolitano em Goiás, quando surgem municípios metropolitanos, no entorno de Goiânia e Brasília, compondo aglomerações urbanas que passaram a representar as principais espacialidades do estado. Em seguida, no sentido de melhor caracterizar o objeto de estudo, elaboramos uma descrição e análise da Região Metropolitana de Goiânia (RMG), investigando o processo de formação do Aglomerado Urbano de Goiânia, até a criação e institucionalização da RMG, enfocando a expansão metropolitana da região e suas alterações recentes, com base na análise dos vetores de crescimento urbano-metropolitano. Na sequência, abordamos e discutimos a estruturação da RMG, a partir do sistema viário e da rede metropolitana de transporte coletivo, como elementos estruturadores da forma e integração metropolitana, com intuito de verificar seu modo particular de desenvolvimento. Finalmente, realizamos o estudo das cidades e das interações espaciais na RMG, para demonstrar a configuração espacial metropolitana enquanto unidade territorial de forma desagregada. Para tanto, observamos a metrópole e todas as cidades que a compõem e formam uma rede de cidades integradas, sob a perspectiva teórica da ‘teoria geográfica das cidades’ (PUMAIN, 2006, 2011), considerando as diferenças geográficas de suas cidades, relativas as dimensões populacionais e de emprego, bem como da mobilidade pendular da população metropolitana, que se estabelecem em outras articulações hierárquicas multidirecionais no território metropolitano. Realizada a análise dos vetores de expansão metropolitana, ficou comprovada a hipótese de que o crescimento da região metropolitana de Goiânia não ocorre mais de modo homogêneo e apresenta dinâmicas próprias e diferenciadas, distintas do clássico modelo centro-periferia, que predominou até o início da metropolização de Goiânia. O estudo demonstrou que existem, de fato, processos urbano-metropolitanos novos e em conformidade com os processos recentes de urbanização, à semelhança do que ocorre em outras aglomerações urbanas do Brasil e do mundo. Essas novos processos são mais evidentes no vetor de expansão sul da metrópole, onde se verificam novos tipos de produção de centralidade, com a presença combinada de núcleos contínuos, e também dispersos; formados por equipamentos de serviços, condomínios verticais e horizontais fechados; e ainda em outros vetores, condomínios ecológicos, chácaras de recreação e lazer, dispostos na região – representando uma metropolização, ao mesmo tempo, relacionada com a concentração e a dispersão. A configuração espacial metropolitana está centrada na metrópole – Goiânia –, que tem um papel marcante na estruturação das lógicas de interdependência metropolitana, revelando um padrão espacial centralizado em Goiânia, hierarquizado e conurbado. Apesar da forte concentração da capital, quando se analisa a organização territorial e espacial do subsistema metropolitano de Goiânia, a partir da rede de cidades, pela mobilidade cotidiana das pessoas, observa-se outra articulação hierárquica no espaço metropolitano, multidirecional, na qual as inter-relações entre as cidades, pelos fluxos pendulares (2000/2010), são bidirecionais, em parte multilaterais e semi-reticular, transformando-se em um subsistema metropolitano menos hierárquico e mais flexível, porém mais complexo.
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Smuggling: its importance in the trinational region in front of the spatial structure / Contrabando: importancia en la región trinacional frente a la estructura espacial

Chavarría Castillo, Cindy Cecilia, Casquero Jar, Carlos Alfredo, Martínez Castillo, Dionel 10 April 2018 (has links)
The research focuses on the contraband´s spatial interactions that arise front to spatial structure, organization and pre existing complementary links, we identified through a diachronic analysis, establishing our field of study as the geographic area we call Trinational Macro Region: southern Peru, northern Chile and western Bolivia. This activity generates spatial dynamics and flows that are developed in the context of globalization and these exploit existing comparative advantages, i.e. the status of being neighbouring countries, the strategic location with respect to South America and the rest of the world, the communication channels, the absence of the state in these regions and price differentiation between licit products and contraband ones. These dynamic and flows, these are spatialize under various strategies adopted to transport contraband, storage and distribution of products. / La investigación se centra en las interacciones espaciales del contrabando que surgen frentea una estructura espacial, organización y vínculos de complementariedad preexistentes, que identificamos mediante un análisis diacrónico, estableciendo como nuestro campo de estudio el área geográfica que denominamos macrorregión trinacional: el sur del Perú, el norte de Chiley el noroeste de Boliva. Esta actividad genera dinámicas espaciales y flujos que se desarrollan en el contexto de la globalización y aprovechan las ventajas comparativas existentes, es decir, la condición de ser países fronterizos, la localización estratégica con respecto a América del Sur y el resto del mundo, las vías de comunicación, la débil presencia del Estado en estas regiones y la diferenciación de precios entre los productos lícitos y los de contrabando. Estas dinámicas y flujos se espacializan bajo diversas estrategias que adopta el contrabando para el traslado, almacenamiento y distribución de los productos.
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Shopping Malls And Spatial Interactions Of People In Saudi Arabia

Alhazmi, Hazim 28 October 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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Analyse économique du développement territorial du tourisme : prise en compte des aménités et des interactions spatiales marchandes et non marchandes / An economic approach of territorial development of tourism : the effect of amenities and market and non-market spatial interactions

Truchet, Stéphanie 23 September 2011 (has links)
La thèse aborde la question des déterminants du développement territorial du tourisme et propose un cadre d'analyse des mécanismes jouant sur localisation des firmes touristiques. D'un point de vue théorique, elle mobilise principalement le champ de l'économie spatiale mais aussi celui de l'économie du tourisme et les théories du capital social. La thèse est constituée de deux parties, mêlant chacune approche théorique et empirique. La première partie est centrée sur l'influence des aménités. Après avoir clarifié les contours de cette notion, elle analyse, à l'aide de modèles micro-économiques, l'influence de leur répartition spatiale sur le développement touristique. Les résultats de ces modèles sont ensuite testés à travers une analyse économétrique. La deuxième partie porte sur l'influence du tissu d'entreprises touristiques et sur le jeu des interactions spatiales. Elle propose une grille de lecture des mécanismes marchands et non marchands à travers lesquels les entreprises touristiques proches interagissent et analyse d'une part les déterminants de ces interactions et d'autre part leurs effets en termes de développement touristique. Méthode économétrique et études de cas sont ensuite mobilisées pour valider l'analyse théorique. La thèse conclut à l'importance de la répartition spatiale des aménités au sein des territoires. En effet, celle-ci conditionne l'attractivité touristique mais aussi l'émergence d'interactions spatiales entre entreprises touristiques qui, jusqu'à un certain seuil, ont pour effet de renforcer le développement touristique. / This PhD thesis aims at identifying the determinants of territorial development of tourism and provides a framework for analysing the mechanisms of tourism firm location. From a theoretical point of view, spatial economics is the main field mobilized, complemented by tourism economics and social capital theories. The thesis is divided into two parts, each one combining theoretical and empirical analysis. The first part focuses on the effect of amenities. After a clarification of the concept of amenities, the impact of their spatial distribution on tourism development is analysed on the basis micro-economic models. The theoretical assumptions are then tested using an econometric analysis. The second part focuses on the interactions between clustered tourism firms interact and on the influence of these mechanisms on tourism development. An analytical framework is proposed in order to highlight market and non-market mechanisms of spatial interactions. This framework allows to identify the determinants of these interactions and their effects on tourism development. A second empirical analysis, which includes estimations as well as case studies, is then designed in order to validate the theoretical analysis. The thesis concludes that the spatial distribution of amenities within the territories plays an important role. Indeed, it affects not only tourist attractiveness but also the emergence of spatial interactions between tourism businesses, which, up to a certain level, may enhance tourism development.

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