Esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, teve como foco analisar os procedimentos de avaliação adotados por professoras dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública da cidade de São Paulo com alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais em suas turmas. Os procedimentos metodológicos consistiram na realização de entrevistas com as professoras seguida da análise de conteúdo. O tratamento dos dados apontou, de uma maneira geral, que os consensos e conflitos existentes quanto à avaliação dos alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais retomam, em grande parte, os fatores intervenientes que dificultam a implementação de uma avaliação formativa para a sala como um todo. Esses fatores parecem originar-se de concepções de ensino e aprendizagem mais tradicionais, que permanecem na escola, sobre as quais as professoras sentem-se pressionadas a construir práticas pedagógicas supostamente adequadas a um paradigma vigente de atenção à diversidade. As evidências encontradas pelo estudo permitiram alguns direcionamentos para a formação continuada, demandando atenção prioritária da escola na organização de espaços e tempos para o compartilhamento de experiências e planejamento colaborativo dos procedimentos de avaliação. / This qualitative research aims to analyze the evaluation procedures adopted by teachers who have students with special educational needs included in regular classrooms in one elementary public school in São Paulo. The methodological procedures were based on interviews with the teachers, and followed by the content analysis. In a general way, the data treatment showed that the existing consensuses and conflicts about the evaluation of the students with special educational needs actually correspond to the intervening factors that make difficult the implementation of a formative evaluation in the classroom as a whole. These factors seem to originate from traditional conceptions of education and learning, that remain in the school, over which the teachers feel compelled to construct pedagogical practices that supposedly responds to the diversity attention paradigm. The evidences found in this study support the statement of some possibilities for the continuous teacher training. Thus, the most important point should be to allow a better set of time and space in the school in order to share experiences and collaborative planning of evaluation procedures among the teachers.

As politicas de apoio a criancas com Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento precisam que seus cuidadores sejam responsaveis por prover o ensino especial necessario para o manejo dos problemas de comportamento e evitar que sejam objeto de rejeicao social em funcao de seus deficits comportamentais. Essa carga de trabalho pode acarretar impacto a saude mental e qualidade de vida dos cuidadores e justifica a importancia de estudos voltados para o mapeamento de tais dificuldades, afim de sustentar propostas de prevencao e intervencao destinadas a este publico. Este estudo, de corte transversal, teve como objetivo identificar associacoes entre os problemas de comportamento de criancas com Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento e a saude mental e qualidade de seus cuidadores, alem de descrever as praticas parentais educativas utilizadas. A amostra foi composta por 91 diades cuidadorescriancas. Todas as criancas (idade entre 3 e 18 anos) estavam matriculadas em escolas da rede publica do municipio de Barueri-SP como aluno com necessidade educacional especial e apresentavam laudo diagnostico de Deficiencia Intelectual (DI) idiopatica, Transtorno do Espectro Autista ou Sindrome de Down comorbido com DI. Para a avaliacao comportamental infantil foi empregada a Escala de Comportamentos Aberrantes, o Inventario de Problemas de Comportamento e o Inventario dos Comportamentos de Criancas e Adolescentes. Para a avaliacao dos cuidadores, aplicou-se o Inventario de Autoavaliacao para Adultos de 18 a 59 anos, o Instrumento abreviado de avaliacao de qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref) e o World-Safe CORE para as praticas parentais. As analises demonstram nao haver diferenca na saude mental do cuidador em funcao do diagnostico de seu filho. A avaliacao comportamental dos cuidadores evidenciou que suas dificuldades internalizantes foram as areas mais impactadas pelos problemas de comportamento infantis. Entre 3,4% e 20% da variancia dos indicadores de saude mental dos cuidadores foi significativamente explicada pelas queixas externalizantes da crianca, especialmente hiperatividade e agressividade, e as dificuldades internalizantes infantis, principalmente o retraimento. As dificuldades comportamentais infantis nao foram preditores da qualidade de vida total dos cuidadores. Ja a frequencia de comportamento agressivo da crianca foi preditor do Dominio Psicologico do WHOQOLBref. Quanto as praticas parentais, muitos reportaram utilizar metodos coercitivos para tentar controlar o comportamento de seus filhos. As queixas internalizantes dos cuidadores, especialmente Ansiedade/ Depressao e Queixas Somaticas, devem ser alvo de atencao das iniciativas em saude. Assim propostas de intervencao para melhoria da saude mental poderiam ser destinadas a todos os cuidadores independente do diagnostico clinico de seus filhos, dado que muitos reportaram o uso de estrategias coercitivas e que seus problemas de comportamento sao similares / Policies to support children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders need their caregivers to be responsible for providing the special education in order to manage behavioral problems and avoid social rejection due to their child behavioral difficulties. This caregiver\'s workload can impact one\'s mental health and quality of life therefore supporting the importance of studies aimed to investigate this impact in order to support prevention and intervention programs for this specific public. This crosssectional study aimed to identify associations between the behavioral problems of children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders and the mental health and quality of life of their caregivers, as well as to describe their parental practices. The sample consisted of 91 caregiver and child. All children (Aged between 3 and 18 years) were enrolled in public schools in the city of Barueri-SP as students with special educational needs and diagnostic reports of Idiopathic Intellectual Disability (ID), Autism Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome comorbid with ID. For the child\'s behavioral assessment, the following questionnaires were used: Aberrant Behavior Checklist, Behavior Problems Inventory and Child Behavior Checklist. For the caregiver\'s evaluation were used the Adult Self-Report, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments (WHOQOL-Bref) and the World-Safe CORE for parental practices. The analysis shows that there is no difference in the caregiver\'s mental health due to their child\'s diagnosis. The caregiver\'s behavioral evaluation demonstrated that their internalizing difficulties are the most impacted area due to their children\'s behavioral problems. Between 3.4% and 20% of the variance on the caregiver\'s assessment were significantly predicted by child\'s externalizing complaints, mainly hyperactivity and aggressiveness, and the child\'s internalizing difficulties, especially social withdrawal. Caregiver\'s overall quality of life were not predicted by child\'s behavioral difficulties, whereas the frequency of child\'s aggressive behavior predicts 4% of variance on the Psychological Domain of WHOQOL-Bref. Regarding parental practices, many caregivers reported the use of coercive methods to try to control their children\'s behavior. Caregiver\'s internalizing problems, especially Anxiety/ Depression and Somatic Complaints, should be addressed by health initiatives. Thus, interventions for improving mental health could be targeted to all caregivers regardless their child\'s clinical diagnosis, given that many of them have reported using coercive measures and the similarity of their behavioral problems

This research explored the factors that influence whether Learning Support Assistants (LSAs), who support the learning of pupils with very complex learning needs, are equipped with the necessary skills to help these students learn. A significant feature in the delivery of educational support to pupils with low incidence needs is that it is LSAs who provide the majority of educational instruction and, furthermore, these paraeducators work with only limited supervision from class teachers. It therefore follows that if high quality educational assistance is to be available to pupils, then those undertaking the majority of this support need to have appropriate pedagogical knowledge. I explored this complex subject by undertaking a workplace ethnography at a single special school over the course of an academic year. In my ethnography, I used a number of data collection methods, including semi-structured interviews with teachers, LSAs and therapists, as well as participant and non-participant observations. The limited literature on the topic of LSA learning concludes that they are not being provided with the learning opportunities they need for the demanding work they do. However, because of the scarcity of information in the literature pertaining to the development of this important group of the educational workforce, I needed to look to the literature on organisational learning more broadly to inform my work and relate it to my own area of interest. The lack of priority given to non-formal learning was a key theme across these texts, with opportunities for participative learning emerging as an important feature. However, this aspect alone could not explain the reasons why these paraeducators did not have access to learning provision appropriate to their needs and so I looked to other theories of workplace learning. The conceptual and analytical approach of the Working as Learning Framework (WALF) (Felstead, et al., 2009), with its incorporation of the concepts of systems of production, discretion, and learning environments and territories, offered me the opportunity to scrutinise the situation regarding the learning and development of LSAs from a wide perspective. Through my adoption of the WALF I have identified the influences that shaped the workplace learning environment of the LSAs at the special school. In doing so, I have added to the limited research on this important and yet inadequately understood group. Although my study focused on one special school this research can inform how the abilities of paraeducators in different educational settings can be developed, because of my adoption of the theoretical standpoint of the WALF. Furthermore, by applying the WALF, my thesis has utilised workplace learning theory to make an important intellectual contribution to the discussion about how high quality educational provision can be delivered. My thesis is also apposite, because the number of children with more complex learning difficulties is increasing and these individuals require specialist paraeducators to be appropriately equipped to meet their needs, whether they are being educated in special or mainstream schools.

Orientador: Sadao Omote / Banca: Dagoberto Buim Arena / Banca: Maria de Lourdes Morales Horiguela / Banca: Enicéia Gonçalvez Mendes / Banca: Olga Maria Piazantin Rolin Rodrigues / Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo geral avaliar como a política de educação inclusiva instituída pelo Governo do Estado, na Res. SE nº 95/00 se manifesta em um sistema educacional, através da comparação de como era antes e como foi o período posterior à implantação desta política. E ainda, descrever o desempenho acadêmico e o espaço social ocupado por alunos que freqüentavam classes do ensino comum concomitante às salas de recurso, a atitude social dos professores em relação à inclusão e a percepção desses profissionais sobre seus alunos nos aspectos acadêmicos e interpessoais. A metodologia utilizada foi o Estudo de Caso sobre um sistema educacional do ensino fundamental ciclo I. Tivemos como objeto de estudo as escolas públicas estaduais do ciclo I do Ensino Fundamental de uma cidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo, no ano de 2005. Os dados foram coletados, por meio de entrevista, questionários sobre a posição social dos alunos, provas do Sistema de Avaliação do Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo - SARESP-, Escala Lickert de Atitudes Sociais em relação à Inclusão - ELASI e ficha avaliativa do professor sobre o desempenho acadêmico e as relações interpessoais de seus alunos. Os dados foram analisados quantitativamente e qualitativamente. Os resultados apontam para o aumento tanto do número de alunos encaminhados para a escola especial quanto para o número de alunos com atendimento concomitante em sala de ensino comum e sala de recurso que dobram nos cinco anos posteriores à Res. SE/SP nº 95/00. Quanto ao desempenho dos alunos no SARESP encontramos diferença significante no desempenho em Leitura e Escrita entre alunos com e sem NEE, em todas as séries de todas as escolas pesquisadas, exceto nos resultados da Redação, quando analisadas as 3ªs e 4ªs séries juntas. Um terço dos alunos pesquisados (27%) apresentaram baixa...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract:The general goal of this study is aimed at evaluating how the policy of inclusive education established by the State Government through resolution SE No 95/00 manifests itself in an educational system, by comparison, as it was before and how it was during the period after the implementation of this policy. And also, describe the academic performance and social space occupied by students who attended common classrooms and special educational needs classrooms, the teacher's social attitudes regarding the inclusion and the perception of these professionals on their students in academic and interpersonal aspects. The methodology used was the case study. WE had as object of study the 1st cycle of the elementary public schools in the countryside of São Paulo state, in 2005.The data was gathered through interviews, questionnaires on the social position of pupils, tests of "SARESP" an evaluation system that evaluates the students academic performance of São Paulo state, Lickert scale of Social Attitudes regarding the inclusion -ELASI and the reports of the teachers about the academic performance of their students and interpersonal relationship of the students. The data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show an increase both in the number of students sent to special schools as to the number of students with concomitant care in the common classrooms and special needs classrooms that double in the 5 years subsequent to Resolution. SE / SP No 95/00 .The results from SARESP's students point to significant difference in the performance of Reading and Writing skills among students with and without SEN, in all grades of all schools surveyed, except in the results of Writing, when analyzed the 3rd and 4 th grade together. One third of students surveyed (27%) presented low acceptance of their peers. Comparing the beginning and the end of the academic year of 2005,...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Doutor

This thesis deals with the topic of inclusion and perception of inclusive education by teachers at primary schools. The aim is to explore opinions, attitudes of teachers, their experience and experience in relation to inclusive education, which has been implemented in the Czech Republic since 1st September 2016. The theoretical part describes the history and current concept of inclusive education on the basis of school documents, so far elaborated expert studies and other specialised literature. The theoretical part also introduces pupils with special educational needs. There is also a chapter devoted to school assistants. The practical part introduces the description and evaluation of the research. The research is carried out by means of a qualitative survey approach, namely using the method of semi-structured interviews with teachers from the 1st and 2nd grade of primary schools. Subsequently, the content analysis of the data is used and the interviews are transcribed and analysed so that they can be evaluated and the results processed. Results are compared in steps. n the discussion there will be a comparison of my acquired knowledge and knowledge of Czech experts and also the influence of teachers having a special pedagogy degree working with pupils who have special educational needs. Finally, there is an interview with a teacher who works in a special school as a representative of a different view of inclusive education.

<p>Syftet med vår studie var att undersöka några pedagogers tankar och erfarenheter kring IKT (informations- och kommunikationsteknik) i klassrumsundervisningen. Vi ville ta reda på pedagogernas syfte med IKT-arbetet i undervisningen, hur pedagogerna arbetar med IKT för att främja elevernas lärande samt vilka påverkansfaktorer på IKT-användningen pedagogerna beskriver. Enligt våra tidigare erfarenheter används inte datorn i så stor utsträckning i tidigare åren, därför var det av stort intresse för oss att få en förståelse för tidigarelärares pedagogiska synsätt kring IKT i undervisningen. Metoden som användes bestod av kvalitativa halvstrukturerade intervjuer för att samla in data. Respondenterna bestod av tre klasslärare i år 1-3, en speciallärare tillika IT-resurs samt två rektorer. Studien genomfördes i två närliggande kommuner i Mellansverige. Intervjusvaren analyserades och redovisades i form av porträtt av respondenterna och utifrån de fyra teman som framträdde; fördelar med IKT, svårigheter/hinder, utbildning/fortbildning samt IKT och barn i behov av särskilt stöd.</p><p> </p><p>Studiens resultat visar att den stora fördelen som respondenterna upplever är att de lättare kan individualisera undervisningen. De respondenter som arbetar med metoden ”Skriva sig till läsning” ser de största fördelarna och minst hinder för IKT-användningen i undervisningen. De anser att problem med tekniken är det största hindret för IKT-användningen. Majoriteten av respondenterna menar att bristen på utbildning/fortbildning inom IKT är ett problem och påverkar IKT-användningen i undervisningen. Alla respondenter är överens om att IKT är ett bra verktyg för barn i behov av särskilt stöd.</p>

Syftet med vår studie var att undersöka några pedagogers tankar och erfarenheter kring IKT (informations- och kommunikationsteknik) i klassrumsundervisningen. Vi ville ta reda på pedagogernas syfte med IKT-arbetet i undervisningen, hur pedagogerna arbetar med IKT för att främja elevernas lärande samt vilka påverkansfaktorer på IKT-användningen pedagogerna beskriver. Enligt våra tidigare erfarenheter används inte datorn i så stor utsträckning i tidigare åren, därför var det av stort intresse för oss att få en förståelse för tidigarelärares pedagogiska synsätt kring IKT i undervisningen. Metoden som användes bestod av kvalitativa halvstrukturerade intervjuer för att samla in data. Respondenterna bestod av tre klasslärare i år 1-3, en speciallärare tillika IT-resurs samt två rektorer. Studien genomfördes i två närliggande kommuner i Mellansverige. Intervjusvaren analyserades och redovisades i form av porträtt av respondenterna och utifrån de fyra teman som framträdde; fördelar med IKT, svårigheter/hinder, utbildning/fortbildning samt IKT och barn i behov av särskilt stöd.   Studiens resultat visar att den stora fördelen som respondenterna upplever är att de lättare kan individualisera undervisningen. De respondenter som arbetar med metoden ”Skriva sig till läsning” ser de största fördelarna och minst hinder för IKT-användningen i undervisningen. De anser att problem med tekniken är det största hindret för IKT-användningen. Majoriteten av respondenterna menar att bristen på utbildning/fortbildning inom IKT är ett problem och påverkar IKT-användningen i undervisningen. Alla respondenter är överens om att IKT är ett bra verktyg för barn i behov av särskilt stöd.

Education reform changes taking place in Lithuania, one of the main tasks of this reform became the reorganization of education of children with special needs. The reorganization of special education changes not only the state of children with special needs but also the whole educational system. The isolation of these children that existed before the reorganization objected the principle of equal learning opportunities. The accepted child’s birthright to live in his/her own family, to be brought up in familiar environment which meets his/her needs. It became the main assumption of disabled children integrated learning at secondary schools. More and more children, having cerebral palsy (CP), are being educated at secondary schools. Despite big attempts to create optimal conditions for educating these children, it is not always successful. The author of this work was interested in difficulties that children of this category, their pedagogues, parents and classmates meet with, when these children are educated to integrate into secondary schools. Aim of research: to view and to evaluate providing complex help to children, having CP, integrating into secondary schools. Object of research: education of children having children cerebral paralysis at integrated secondary schools. Aims of research: 1. Evaluate special educational needs of children who took part in this research. 2. To find out the breaches of educating children with CP at secondary schools. 3. Referring to... [to full text]

Darbe atlikta teorinė specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių mokinių ugdymo individualizavimo samprata ir analizė. Iškelta hipotezė, kad ugdymo individualizavimo problemos glaudžiai susiję su bendrojo lavinimo pedagogų gebėjimais, įvertinant mokinio gebėjimus, parenkant pagal jo gebėjimus mokymo tikslus, ugdymo turinį, metodus ir būdus bei pasiekimų vertinimo kriterijus. Anketinės apklausos metodu buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas - ištirti bendrojo lavinimo mokyklos pradinio ugdymo pedagogų, mokytojų dalykininkų bei specialiųjų pedagogų ir logopedų nuomones apie ugdymo turinio individualizavimą specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių mokiniams. Tyrime dalyvavo 22 pradinių klasių pmokytojai, 33 aukštesniųjų klasių mokytojai, 16 specialistų. Empirinėje dalyje nagrinėjamos adaptuotos matematikos ir lietuvių kalbos ugdymo programos, parengtos 2007- 2010 m. m. Svarbiausios tyrimo išvados: 1. Ugdymo individualizavimas įvardijamas kaip prieinamumo principas, reiškiantis jog mokymo turinys pritaikomas, kad atitiktų skirtingas mokinių savybes ir kiekvienam padėtų siekti geresnių rezultatų. Individualizuojant specialiųjų poreikių mokinių ugdymąsi svarbu ne tik ugdymo turinys, bet ir mokymo metodai, paruoštos individualizuotos užduotys, kurias atlikdami jie mažai skirtųsi nuo bendraamžių. 2. Tyrimo metu paaiškėjo, kad ne visiems pedagogams pakanka turimų žinių, rengiant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In the work was accomplished theoretical individualized analysis of the special educational needs of pupils. The hypothesis is broached that individualized education issues are closely linked to general education teachers’ skills, assessing student skills, according to the choice of the skills training objectives, training content, methods and techniques and outcomes of assessment criteria. Questionnaire survey method was conducted with the aim - to explore secondary school teachers in primary education, objective teachers and special education teachers and speech therapists views on the individualization of the curriculum for pupils with special educational needs. The analysis of the adapted program was made. The study included 22 primary school teachers, 33 higher school teachers, 16 specialists. Key findings: 1. Individualization of training is identified as the principle of availability, meaning that the curriculum is adapted to suit different students’ features, and each contributes to improved results. Individualization of education for students with special needs is not only educational content but also teaching methods prepared a custom tasks for which they are doing little different from their contemporaries. 2. The study showed that not for all schoolmasters suffice the available knowledge in the preparation of the adapted curriculum. Most of the schoolmasters who are preparing adapted programs they take account of... [to full text]

Magistro darbo santrauka Darbe atlikta teorinė specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turinčių mokinių tenkinimo ir pedagogų įsitraukimo į šių mokinių ugdymo procesą samprata ir analizė. Iškelta hipotezė, kad dauguma mokytojų (tiek žemesniųjų, tiek aukštesniųjų klasių) yra linkę įsitraukti į specialiųjų poreikių tenkinimo procesą. Anketinės apklausos bei interviu metodu buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas – išsiaiškinti bendrojo lavinimo mokyklos pradinio ugdymo pedagogų ir mokytojų dalykininkų bei specialiųjų pedagogų požiūrį apie pedagogų į(si)traukimą į specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turinčių mokinių ugdymą. Tyrime dalyvavo 85 pradinio ugdymo pedagogai, 81 mokytojas dalykininkas ir 3 specialieji pedagogai. Empirinėje dalyje nagrinėjami pradinio ugdymo pedagogų, mokytojų dalykininkų bei specialiųjų pedagogų požiūriai apie pedagogų įsitraukimą į specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių (SUP) turinčių mokinių ugdymą. Svarbiausios tyrimo išvados: 1. Atlikus literatūros ir dokumentų analizę paaiškėjo, kad pedagogas privalo suteikti pagalbą visiems SUP mokiniams, tačiau tinkamai ir kokybiškai įsitraukti į šių mokinių ugdymą lemia keletas dalykų: susipažinimas su specialųjį ugdymą reglamentuojančiais dokumentais; gebėjimas atpažinti, analizuoti ir vertinti mokinių specialiuosius ugdymosi poreikius; gebėjimas prisitaikyti prie skirtingų mokinių gebėjimų ir poreikių; tinkamas ugdymo proceso organizavimas bei komandinis darbas (įsitraukimas) su SUP mokiniais ir jų tėvais. 2. Bendrojo lavinimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The work presents theoretical conception and analysis of children’s with special educational needs satisfaction and pedagogues’ involvement into process of such children’s education. The hypothesis has been raised, that most of the teachers (both of junior, and senior classes) tend to involve in meeting the children’s special educational needs. Using methods of survey and interview a special investigation has been carried out with a purpose to examine the level of primary teachers’, discipline teachers’, as well as special educators’ involvement into the process of children’s with special educational needs development. 85 primary teachers, 85 discipline teachers, and 3 special educators participated in the investigation. The primary teachers’, discipline teachers’, and special educators attitudes towards pedagogues’ involvement in the children’s with special educational needs (SEN) development have been reviewed in the empirical part of the work. The following conclusions, drawn from the investigation, are the most important: 1. After literary analysis and examination of documents it has been disclosed that a pedagogue is obliged to provide every SEN child with assistance. However, there are several points that determine appropriate and effective pedagogues’ involvement in such children’s development, such as: acquaintance with documents, regulating special education; ability to recognise, analyse, and evaluate children’s SEN; ability to adapt to children’s different... [to full text]