There has been a global decline of specialist species observed in recent decades due to the impacts of climate change, invasive species, and habitat loss. Habitat loss and degradation may lead to a mismatch between habitat attractiveness and actual quality, otherwise known as an ecological trap. Ecological traps occur when an organism is constrained by its evolutionary past to select for cues that no longer accurately predict habitat quality. Specialist species are more susceptible to ecological traps due to greater reliance on and fidelity to historic sites and resources. The burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia), a specialist bird species adapted to open ecosystems, has declined throughout its extent. Anthropogenic activity has drastically and rapidly altered burrowing owl native habitat, exposing their habitat to disturbances such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion. The presence of cheatgrass is known to impact the biota of a region and understanding those impacts is becoming increasingly important. The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of cheatgrass on burrowing owl populations. By assessing how cheatgrass influences the resource selection, nesting success, and food habits of burrowing owls, we provided information that can be utilized to make more informed decisions on how to conserve burrowing owls and their critical nesting habitat. In addition, this information can provide insight into the risk of ecological traps occurring to all specialist species experiencing degradation of their native habitat.

This report examines how academic librarians and theorists have discussed the issue of discipline-based information literacy instructional approaches since the publication of the ACRL Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education in 2000. As Kate Manuel has recently noted, the Standards balance outcomes and indicators of universal or general information-literacy skills with more discipline-specific skills. Prior to the publication of the ACRL Standards, Stephen Plum argued that disciplinary standards can provide valuable frameworks for library instruction; more recent theorists have focused attention on general skills, some arguing that discipline-based skills are the province of subject faculty, others suggesting that discipline-based skills are modeled on more general skills, still others suggesting that liaison librarians work collaboratively with faculty to address discipline-specific information needs. Based on a literature survey, my report is a thought piece addressing the following interlocking questions: how do discipline-based skills relate to more general skills? Who should teach discipline-based information literacy? Is information literacy a discipline in its own right? What role might the subject specialist play in discipline-based information literacy initiatives? / text

The initiation, persistence, and termination of harmful algal blooms (HABs) can all be influenced by nutrient availability. Recent studies have highlighted the role of both organic and inorganic nitrogen sources in HAB dynamics. The pelagophyte Aureoumbra lagunensis causes ecosystem disruptive algal blooms and is responsible for the longest recorded harmful algal bloom (1989-1997). Because of Aureoumbra's small size and its inability to use nitrate, it has been hypothesized that its ability to use ammonium and organic nitrogen, especially at low concentrations, contributed to the unusual persistence of this bloom. This project aimed to assess the response of Aureoumbra to inorganic and organic nitrogen sources by examining the expression of genes responsible for nitrogen assimilation, with an eventual intent of developing expression assays that are indicative of nitrogen source use and/or sufficiency in Aureoumbra. Large volume batch cultures of Aureoumbra were grown with either ammonium or urea as a nitrogen source. Physiological characteristics (C:N, chlorophyll [alpha] cell⁻¹, and Fv/Fm) were monitored throughout the growth period, and the expression of the AMT-1, AMT-2 and UREC genes was assayed at early-, mid- and late-exponential phases. The results show that Aureoumbra can use both ammonium and urea, and that it is well adapted to low-nutrient environments. Only one gene, AMT-1, appeared to be transcriptionally regulated in response to changing nitrogen concentration, and only to ammonium. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of how algae in general cope with low nutrient availability and should ultimately help to define the dynamics of these HAB events. / text

Bakgrund: Regionalt Läkarstöd (RLS) har utformats för att säkra prehospital involvering från läkare. Dagens ambulanssjukvård ställer höga krav på att bedöma och triagera patienter till rätt vårdnivå. Till sin hjälp i sitt dagliga arbete med detta behöver sjuksköterskan en läkare som är väl insatt i verksamheten. Syfte: Att beskriva läkares erfarenhet av att fungera som rådgivare till sjuksköterskor inom ambulanssjukvården Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie med tio läkare som tjänstgör som RLS. Analysen genomfördes med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet beskrivs med de fyra kategorierna Teamsammanhållning, Frustration, Bristande ansvarskänsla och Lyhördhet, som speglade läkarnas erfarenheter av att vara telefonstöd till sjuksköterskor. Ett latent huvudbudskap identifierades som Skör tillit. Att som en del i teamet finnas som stöd och rådgivare till sjuksköterskor i ambulanssjukvården upplevdes som positivt och funktionen ses som relevant och viktig. Det krävs en god teamsamverkan mellan professionerna för en patientsäker vård och för att uppnå det utkristalliserades tillit som en nyckelfaktor. Konklusion: En telefonbaserad bakjourslinje dit sjuksköterskor kan vända sig för råd och stöd är en relevant funktion för läkarna, där de känner sig som en del i det prehospitala teamet. I arbetet med bättre teamsamverkan inkluderande god kommunikation för säker vård, är gemensamma möten och övningar en viktig del för att ge professionerna en chans att mötas som personer och främja ökad förståelse för varandras kunskap och utforma gemensamma mål. / Background: Regional Medical support has been designed to ensure an involvement of doctors in the prehospital field. The current system for ambulance care raise high demands to ensure a correct patient assessment and triage to the right level of care, and for their assistance in this daily work, the nurse needs a doctor who is very knowledgeable in the organization. Purpose: To describe doctors’ experience of functioning as advisors for nurses working in the ambulance. Method: A qualitative research design was conducted including interviews with nine doctors serving as Regional Medical support. The content analysis was conducted according to a qualitative content analysis method.  Result: The analysis resulted in the four categories team spirit, frustration, lack of sense of responsibility and responsiveness, which mirrored the doctors’ experiences of acting as a phone support for specialist nurses on the ambulance. An underlying main message was identified as delicate trust. To be part of the team and act as a support and advisor for nurses working on the ambulance was perceived as positive, relevant and important. Good teamwork between the professions is required to guarantee patient safe care, and to obtain that, trust came through as a key factor. Conclusion: For the nurses to have an on call doctor that they can reach on the phone for support and advice was seen as a relevant system for the doctors, where they feel as a part of the prehospital team. In the continuous work for better teamwork, including good communication for safe care, it's important with common gatherings and training sessions to give the professions a chance to meet in person and gain a better understanding for each other’s roles, and enunciate common goals.

The theoretical part of this thesis describes the historical development and current play work in the UK and also watches the development in the Czech Republic. The author elaborates the importance of play specialist and the posibility of playing and teaching of pediatric patiens. The author mentions the use of individual approach, methods of the play specialist and focuses on the specifics of the playworker. Great attention is paid to game work during hospitalization. In the empirical section the author formulates the problem, objectives and methodology of the research and introduces the choice of respondents. The aim is the hospital environment, which is also the author's work place. This work is trying to solve the answer what is the role of the play worker in the Czech Republic and what options of the play work are currently offered in the hospital. The author also maps the role of play workers in the child hospital care system of in the Czech Republic. The results are analysed and elaborated clearly. Finally, the author examines the current status of play specialists in the Czech Republic, summarizes the outcome of the research and presents recommendations for possible implementations of the game work in medical facilities in the Czech Republic.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Vieira de Oliveira.pdf: 455081 bytes, checksum: 45813aa8dd382a2ec3624608684c8782 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-09 / Promoting specialists to leaders without previous preparation can be considered an acceptable practice in some organizations. When promoted, those professionals can face some difficulties in leading a group because they are still connected to their previous competencies as a technician, and the organization can lose some efficiency if it does not take the responsibility in developing its leadership giving support on leaders development. This paper intends to identify how and why technical specialists became leaders, and if they completed their knowledge after being promoted, connecting technical and leadership skills. It has been tested three hypotheses (1) specialists have been desired leadership position in their career planning, (2) specialists considered promotion to leader as a pay grade increase, and have a prominent position, and (3) if there was a continuous improvement of Alvo Telecom leaders, identifying talents and developing them before and after they take the leadership role. Supported by a theoretical framework that describes the professional experts in information technology (IT) and contemporary leadership, the research adopted a case study as a research method, with exploratory and qualitative methodological approach, based on interviews with structured questionnaire composed by open and closed questions. The result obtained after interviewing nine leaders of that organization, almost all of them no longer wished to continue in their technical career, however few have really prepared before getting an opportunity to lead a team, although they possessed characteristics and traits of leadership. The promotion was due to their performance as technician, and their superiors also considered existent leadership skills. There was not a direct objective of getting a raise, but contribute more to the organization beyond their technical role, and transmit knowledge to team members. Leaders had own characteristics of leadership, however lacked developing others, and they expected, somehow, that the organization could direct them and do a periodic evaluation of their accomplishments / Promover especialistas em líderes sem o devido preparo pode ser visto como uma prática aceitável dentro de uma determinada organização. Quando promovido, estes profissionais podem ter dificuldades em liderar um grupo, pois ainda estão fortemente ligados às atividades e competências técnicas e a organização pode perder eficiência se não assumir a responsabilidade em promover um ambiente de aprimoramento em gestão, dando condições e também exigindo que os novos líderes se desenvolvam nas novas habilidades. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar como e por quais motivos os técnicos especialistas de uma empresa de telecomunicações alcançaram a posição de líderes e se eles complementaram sua formação após serem promovidos, alinhando habilidades técnicas e de liderança. Foram testadas três hipóteses (1) os especialistas almejavam a carreira gerencial dentro do planejamento de carreira, (2) os especialistas viam a promoção a líder como uma possibilidade de aumentar salários e ter uma posição de destaque e (3) se havia um trabalho de melhoria contínua dos gestores da organização Alvo Telecom, identificando talentos e desenvolvendo-os antes e depois de assumirem a função de liderança. Sustentada por um referencial teórico que descreve o profissional especialista na área tecnologia da informação (TI) e a liderança contemporânea, a pesquisa adotou o estudo de caso como método de pesquisa, com abordagem exploratória e procedimento metodológico qualitativo, baseado em entrevistas estruturadas com questionário de questões abertas e fechadas. Do resultado obtido nas entrevistas de nove líderes daquela organização, quase a totalidade dos entrevistados desejavam não mais seguir a carreira puramente técnica, porém poucos se estruturaram academicamente com antecedência à primeira oportunidade oferecida para gerenciar pessoas, embora detivessem características e os traços de liderança. A promoção se dava através do reconhecimento pelo desempenho como técnico e também considerava potenciais habilidades de liderança identificadas pelos superiores. Não havia um desejo de obter apenas um aumento salarial, mas sim contribuir com a organização além de suas funções técnicas e repassar seu conhecimento aos membros de um grupo. Os líderes tinham características próprias para o exercício da liderança, entretanto faltava desenvolvimento de outras e eles esperavam, de alguma maneira, que a organização os orientasse e fizesse um balanço periódico de suas realizações

Les Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication ayant nouvellement investi les services en ligne et en particulier le domaine du e learning- largement occupé par les sciences de l’éducation, les sciences cognitives, la psychosociologie ou encore l’informatique- notre objectif est d’aborder cette question selon trois figures de pensée rencontrées dans la recherche en enseignement à distance : la substance, la relation et le mouvement. Après avoir envisagé les médiations à partir de la fonction de la substance qui s’intéresse aux caractéristiques des acteurs/actants par rapport au dispositif ou à la nature de celui-ci, on a porté notre attention sur la relation, car c’est depuis ce « entre » que chaque sujet en lui-même va se construire. Il en va ainsi du modèle de communication, lui-même intermédiaire, un « entre ». Dans cette perspective, la communication médiatisée procède d’abord de la qualité de la relation, des situations comme celles qui se nouent entre les registres, comme la dimension technique et les composantes médiationnelles du e-learning. Enfin, avec la figure du mouvement, on s’est affranchi de la figure de la substance et de la relation en les dépassant, pour penser en termes de dynamique et de processus, soit dans notre cas aux modalités de l’agencement homme-machine ou homme-homme. Le modèle qui en résulte semble ne reposer qu’en partie sur la proposition technologique, voire pédagogique, mais sur des formes persistantes de médiation agissant dans le dispositif. La spatialisation des compétences à distance ramène le curseur autour d’un axe médiationnel dans un domaine que l’on pourrait désormais appeler apprentissage intégré («integrated learning ») et qui renvoie à l’intégration de toutes les dimensions d’un objet de connaissance. / The Communication and Information sciences have lately invested on-line services and in particular the field of the e-learning, largely occupied by the sciences of education, cognitive sciences, social psychology or data processing. Our objective is to tackle this question according to the three figures of thought in research in elearning: the substance, the relation and the movement. After having considered the mediations starting from the function of the substance which is interested in the characteristics of the actors/agents compared to the process or nature of this one, we have focused our attention on the relation, because it is from this “between” that each subject in itself will be built. It goes from there thus from the model of communication, in itself intermediary. In this point of view, the mediatized communication proceeds first of all from the quality of the relation, of the situations as those which are tied between the registers, such as technical dimension and the mediational components of the e-learning. Finally, with the figure of movement, we freed ourselves from the figure of substance and relation by exceeding them, by thinking in terms of dynamics and of process. Thus in our case thinking according to the process man-machine or man-man, which calls for an “engineering”. The model which is implied seems to rest only partly on the technological, even pedagogical proposal, but also on persistent forms of mediation acting as a process. The spatialization of e-learning skills brings back the cursor around a mediational axis in a field which we could from now on call “integrated learning” and which sends back to the integration of all dimensions of an object of knowledge.

O presente trabalho mostra a utilização de métodos computacionais e os resultados obtidos na determinação estrutural de produtos naturais, neste caso sesquiterpenos lactonizados. Nosso grupo de pesquisa tem desenvolvido nos últimos anos o projeto denominado SISTEMAT para a determinação estrutural de produtos naturais. Este sistema é composto de programas utilizados para a construção de bancos de dados capazes de armazenar qualquer tipo de informação referente a substâncias orgânicas, e programas que permitem a recuperação e análise das informações contidas nos bancos de dados (programas aplicativos). Foi também construído um programa para a previsão de espectros de RMN 13C utilizando modelos tridimensionais para a representação das moléculas. O programa considera cada carbono e sua vizinhança química em três dimensões como uma subestrutura. Para encontrar o deslocamento químico equivalente a uma nova subestrutura, ele procura no banco de dados um carbono com uma vizinhança equivalente. O banco de dados criado para o SISTEMAT contém 1300 espectros de RMN 13C de sesquiterpenos lactonizados, enquanto que o utilizado para o programa simulador de espectros de RMN 13C possui 1600 substâncias codificadas. / This work shows the use of computational methods and the results obtained in the structure determination of sesquiterpene lactones. Our research group have developed in the last years the expert system named SISTEMAT, to structure determination of natural products. This system have programs used to construct a database able to store any kind of information about the compounds and programs used to retrieve and analyse informations obtained in the database. It was also planned a program to make predictions of 13C NMR spectra of sesquiterpene lactones. It uses a codification working with tridimensional substructures. The program treats each carbon atom and its neighbouring as a substructure. It can scan all the database for other equal or similar chemical shift values that can be used to predict the 13C NMR spectrum for a new compound. The current database contains about 1300 13C NMR spectra of sesquiterpene lactones. The other database used in the program for 13C NMR prediction has 1600 compounds.

Na Brasil, a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) está estruturada principalmente através da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), buscando induzir a reorientação do modelo de atenção. Nos últimos anos, a ESF apresentou um incremento na sua cobertura, aliada a investimentos governamentais em processos de qualificação. A ESF apresenta diversas dificuldades para sua consolidação, tendo especial destaque as questões relacionadas à gestão do trabalho e da educação dos profissionais que atuam nas equipes de saúde da família. Visando superar tais dificuldades, são crescentes os investimentos públicos em processos de Educação Permanente e continuada, em especial na modalidade de cursos de pós-graduação, voltados para a atuação na APS/ESF. Na Bahia, o Governo do Estado ofertou em parceria com o Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, um Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Familia voltado para trabalhadores das equipes de diversos município baianos. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar a efetividade deste curso de especialização para qualificação da APS a partir da percepção dos profissionais. O tipo de delineamento foi quase experimento, sendo utilizado métodos quantitativo e qualitativo de pesquisa. Para o método quantitativo aplicou-se o instrumento de avaliação chamado Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool) a 102 profissionais de um universo de 199 que concluiram o curso de especialização com êxito, em dois momentos: no início e no término do curso de especialização. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva (média e desvio padrão para variáveis contínuas e percentual para variável categórica). O valor do p < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. A parte qualitativa do estudo foi desenvolvida a partir da análise de dados secundários, por meio da verificação de relatórios de avaliação do curso, produzidos pela Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, tendo como fonte principal as respostas dos profissionais a um questionário semi-estruturado. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que após o curso ocorreu um discreto aumento do escore geral da APS, passando de 6,76 para 6,91, com desvio-padrão de 0,77. Também houve aumento discreto da maioria dos escores dos atributos da APS; no entanto, nenhum resultado obtido foi estatisticamente significativo (p>0,05). A análise qualitativa permitiu inferir que os trabalhadores consideraram que o curso contribuiu para ampliação da sua consciência crítica em relação ao seu processo de trabalho em equipe e da importância de incorporação de novas ferramentas clínicas em suas práticas. Este estudo sugere que a oferta de um curso de especialização pode induzir mudanças na percepção dos profissionais de saúde sobre o seu processo de trabalho, o que influencia na melhoria da qualidade do serviço prestado. Sugere-se a necessidade de outros estudos complementares que possam analisar os diversos determinantes da qualidade do serviço de APS. / In Bahia, the Primary Health Care (PHC) is structured mainly through the Family Health Strategy (FHS), seeking to induce the reorientation of attention. In recent years, the FHS had an increase in coverage, coupled with government investment in the training process. The FHS has several difficulties for its consolidation, with special focus issues related to labor management and education of professionals working in the teams of family health.. Looking for overcome such difficulties, public investments in processes of Permanent and Continuing Education had an increase, in particular in the form of postgraduate courses, focused on performance in the HPC / FHS. In Bahia, the state government offered in partnership with the Conceição Hospital Group, a Specialization in Family Health Teams of workers facing several municipality of Bahia. The objective of this research is evaluate the effectiveness of this specialization course for qualification of PHC from the perception of professionals. The type of design was almost the experiment, and used the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool) applied to 102 professionals from a universe of 199 trainees in two moments: at the beginning and end of the specialization course. We used descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables). The value of p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The qualitative part of the research was developed from the analysis of secondary data, by checking the course evaluation reports produced by the Health Department of the State of Bahia, with the main source professionals' responses to a semi-structured questionnaire . The results show that after the course was a slight increase in overall score of the PHC, from 6.76 to 6.91, with standard deviation of 0.77. There was also a slight increase in scores for most attributes of the PHC, however, no result was statistically significant (p> 0.05). Qualitative analysis allowed to conclude that workers considered positive course towards expansion of their critical awareness in relation to the process of teamwork and the importance of incorporating new tools into their clinical practices. This study suggests that offering a specialized course can induce changes in perception of health professionals about your work process, which influences the improvement of quality of service provided. The quantitative assessment tool PCATool seems to have not been the best tool for identification of this process of change, in this case captured by qualitative analysis. Suggest the need for additional studies that can analyze the various determinants of quality of service PHC.

The purpose of the study was to examine how and why high school students use the library and its resources. It examined how teachers influence students' use of library resources. The participants were 11th-grade students attending public high schools in 3 east Tennessee counties. Participants completed a survey based on library use. Although 350 students were invited to participate in the study, only 130 returned the permission slip, resulting in a 37% response rate. Eleven respondents were asked to participate in a short interview to supplement and add qualitative clarification to the findings. The findings were descriptive in nature, although basic analyses were calculated to identify any relationships between the different variables. A literature review examined the historical development of the library, the purpose of the library, challenges to the role of the library, research in the library science field, influences on library use, library use and academic achievement, studies of library users and nonusers, and lifestyle variables relating to library use. The study's identification of library use patterns and high school students' attitudes about their use of the library could assist librarians in making long range plans for their libraries. These plans could include the identification of materials to purchase, areas in which students need assistance in completing projects, or recreational materials to read. Ultimately, the findings could assist librarians in the development of cooperative programs between school and public libraries to reduce the overlapping of information while increasing student use of the library. The study found most students visited the library at an early age with their mothers, although not on a regular basis. They were more likely to visit the school library than the public library; the primary reason being to locate information to complete school assignments. Parents and English teachers were the most influential in encouraging library use, although teachers had more influence on female students than male students. Female students also visited the library on a more frequent basis.