Submitted work is based on a critical evaluation of Weber's thesis "the spirit of capitalism", which justified by the "Protestant ethic". The author uses the Weber's starting point for the processing of general spiritual concept, which has a major impact on the emergence, development and maintenance of the economic environment, business and management. After clarification of the fundamental concepts, the work focuses on clarifications to the phenomenon of spirituality, which is connected with the entrepreneurial and managerial activities. Presence of the spiritual character of business potentials was divided into positive and negative factors. General spiritual factors are reflected on the background of basic religious systems -- Judaism, Christianity (Protestantism, Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy), Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and other Asian directions. Spiritual perspectives are compared with the concepts of the science that have their limits or potentials. The practical part is devoted to the proof of spiritual influences on business and economic development. The work culminates in a research of spiritual factors and potentials of entrepreneurship and management between the selected entrepreneurs and managers. The collected factors and potentials are summarized and proposed for their use in the entrepreneurial and managerial practice or managerial training.

<p>What are the social conditions that enable depression to play a significant societal role in contemporary Western societies? This is the leading question of the dissertation. As an alternative to those who claim that contemporary depression is constructed by the exorbitant consumption of antidepressants, it is stated that both depression and the consumption of antidepressants is</p><p>possible due to contemporary social conditions. Inspired by the analysis of modernity by Wagner, and on the basis of the theoretical concept of third modernity as proposed by Carleheden, it is claimed that an ethical conduct of life that demands authentic self-realization has been institutionalised in</p><p>our historical epoch. By analysing how authentic self-realization is being realized in the new spirit of capitalism (Boltanski & Chiapello), it is being concluded that the socializing parameters of third modernity are those of being able to be active, flexible, polyvalent, adaptable, versatile etc. selves. Hence, authentic self-realization in imbued with these normative demands. In relation to the phenomenon of depression this is interesting, because contemporary depression can be understood, not as a subjective condition, but as a phenomenon of lack. What is being applauded in the society of today is just what depressive individuals lack, namely the ability to act in accordance</p><p>with the normative claims of self-realization. Depressed individuals are in that sense failed selves (Ehrenberg) who represent and informs us about the “other side” of contemporary normative self-realization requirements. In other words: Within present-day society the institutionalized demands for authentic self-realization and depression have become each others antithesis. This socially demanded form of self-realization – which is put under the scrutiny of normative critique (Taylor) – is thus exactly what allows for depression to play such a significant role in present-day Western societies.</p><p>Keywords: third modernity, new spirit of capitalism, authenticity, self-realization, depression, normative critique.</p>

What are the social conditions that enable depression to play a significant societal role in contemporary Western societies? This is the leading question of the dissertation. As an alternative to those who claim that contemporary depression is constructed by the exorbitant consumption of antidepressants, it is stated that both depression and the consumption of antidepressants is possible due to contemporary social conditions. Inspired by the analysis of modernity by Wagner, and on the basis of the theoretical concept of third modernity as proposed by Carleheden, it is claimed that an ethical conduct of life that demands authentic self-realization has been institutionalised in our historical epoch. By analysing how authentic self-realization is being realized in the new spirit of capitalism (Boltanski &amp; Chiapello), it is being concluded that the socializing parameters of third modernity are those of being able to be active, flexible, polyvalent, adaptable, versatile etc. selves. Hence, authentic self-realization in imbued with these normative demands. In relation to the phenomenon of depression this is interesting, because contemporary depression can be understood, not as a subjective condition, but as a phenomenon of lack. What is being applauded in the society of today is just what depressive individuals lack, namely the ability to act in accordance with the normative claims of self-realization. Depressed individuals are in that sense failed selves (Ehrenberg) who represent and informs us about the “other side” of contemporary normative self-realization requirements. In other words: Within present-day society the institutionalized demands for authentic self-realization and depression have become each others antithesis. This socially demanded form of self-realization – which is put under the scrutiny of normative critique (Taylor) – is thus exactly what allows for depression to play such a significant role in present-day Western societies.

No / Conventional models of economic behavior have failed to account for a number of observed empirical regularities in macroeconomics and international economics. This may be due to preference specifications in conventional models. In this paper, we consider preferences with the ¿spirit of capitalism¿ (the desire to accumulate wealth as a way of acquiring status). We analyze a number of potential effects of international catching-up and the spirit of capitalism on savings, growth, portfolio allocation and asset pricing. Moreover, we obtain a multi-factor Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Our results show that status concerns have non-trivial effects on savings, growth, portfolio allocation, asset prices and the foreign exchange risk premium.

MAIA, Camila Moreira. Economia solidária, o novo espírito do capitalismo e o governo das subjetividades: uma análise do discurso dos trabalhadores do assentamento Coqueirinho. 2013. 123f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2013. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-26T17:23:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-CMMAIA.pdf: 694978 bytes, checksum: ae427a6eeccc4831b086e0438d39b809 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-26T17:28:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-CMMAIA.pdf: 694978 bytes, checksum: ae427a6eeccc4831b086e0438d39b809 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-26T17:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-CMMAIA.pdf: 694978 bytes, checksum: ae427a6eeccc4831b086e0438d39b809 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / This work aims to understand how discourses of workers of solidarity collective enterprises help reproduce the social order characteristic of the last capitalism (since 1970). According to the New Sociology of Capitalism, each version of the model of capitalist production has been accompanied by an ideology that justifies it. This ideology, called the "spirit of capitalism", is transformed by the criticisms that it receives. A new spirit, then, arises, as a result of the relationship between the former spirit and the criticism that is only partially met, and, hence, loses its demanding power. The new spirit of capitalism arises in response to criticism from the 1960s and is based on networking, flexibility and the incentive for the empowerment of individuals. From the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis, the new spirit of capitalism is an order of discourse that constrains the discourse of social actors whilst being constrained by it. This order of discourse can, thus, be incorporated into the discourse of the subjects in its various roles, be it of representation, of inter(action) or identification, and this is what allows its reproduction. Solidarity Economy has been adopted by the last governments (2002 - 2013) as a strategy for solving the "social issue". Considering the close link between the State and the maintenance of hegemonic orders, it is clear that these incentives from the Federal Government to solidarity collective enterprises have been presented as one of the manifestations of the incorporation of elements of criticism that benefit capitalist restructuring. Our argument lies in the response to three working hypotheses: the first concerns the correspondence between the discourse of Solidarity Economy and the criticism to the second spirit of capitalism, since they share the claims developed by both the labor movements of the nineteenth century and the social movements of the 1960s; the second advocates the closeness between the speech of solidarity economy workers and the ideologies that have justified the new spirit of capitalism; and the third consists in the understanding of Solidarity Economy as a strategy for the government of subjectivities, once it promotes the feeling of empowerment in the solidarity worker that ceases his motivation for criticism. We conducted an ethnographic approach in an association of farmers settled in the state of Ceará, which functions along the lines of Solidarity Economy. The research corpus was obtained from field diaries, made from participant observation and interviews, and analyzed through Critical Discourse Analysis. It was concluded that the State ambiguously engages in overcoming poverty and unemployment and in neoliberal forms of management that generate inequality. The relationship between the solidarity worker and the State is contradictory because, while the first develops productive activities aimed at autonomy regarding the latter, their speech points to the dependence on the incentives granted by it. Lastly, there is inconsistency between the workers’ precarious condition and their feelings of autonomy, freedom and security. / Este trabalho visa a compreender de que forma discursos de trabalhadores de empreendimentos coletivos solidários ajudam a reproduzir a ordem social característica do último capitalismo (a partir de 1970). Segundo a Nova Sociologia do Capitalismo, cada versão do modelo de produção capitalista tem sido acompanhada por uma ideologia que o justifica. Essa ideologia, denominada de “espírito do capitalismo”, transforma-se ao sabor das críticas que lhe são empreendidas. Um novo espírito surge, então, como resultado da articulação entre espírito anterior e crítica que é, atendida, apenas, parcialmente, perdendo seu poder de reivindicação. O novo espírito do capitalismo surge em respostas às críticas das décadas de 1960 e fundamenta-se pelo funcionamento em redes, pela flexibilidade e pelo incentivo à autonomização dos sujeitos. Sob a perspectiva da Análise Crítica do Discurso, o novo espírito do capitalismo trata-se de uma ordem de discurso que, ao mesmo tempo em que constrange o discurso de atores sociais, é constrangida por eles. Essa ordem de discurso, então, pode ser incorporada ao discurso dos sujeitos em suas diversas funções, seja de representação, de inter(ação) ou de identificação e isso, é o que permite sua reprodução. A Economia Solidária tem sido adotada nos últimos governos (2002 – 2013) como estratégia de resolução da “questão social”. Considerando a íntima relação entre Estado e manutenção de ordens hegemônicas, percebe-se que esses incentivos do Governo Federal a empreendimentos coletivos solidários têm-se apresentado como uma das manifestações da incorporação de elementos da crítica que favorece às reestruturações capitalistas. Nossa argumentação reside na resposta a três hipóteses de trabalho: a primeira diz respeito à correspondência entre o discurso da ES com a crítica ao segundo espírito do capitalismo, uma vez que partilham das reivindicações desenvolvidas tanto pelos movimentos operários do século XIX, como pelos movimentos sociais da década de 1960. A segunda defende a aproximação do discurso de trabalhadores de ES às ideologias que tem justificado o novo espírito do capitalismo e a terceira consiste no entendimento da ES como uma estratégia de governo das subjetividades, uma vez que engendram um sentimento de empoderamento no trabalhador solidário que cessa sua motivação para a crítica. Realizamos uma aproximação etnográfica a uma associação de agricultores assentados do interior do Estado do Ceará que funciona nos moldes da Economia Solidária. O corpus de pesquisa foi obtido através de diários de campo, construídos a partir de observação participante e de entrevistas individuais, e analisado à luz da Análise de Discurso Crítica. Concluiu-se que: o Estado se compromete ambiguamente com a superação da pobreza e do desemprego e com formas neoliberais de gestão que são, elas próprias, geradoras de desigualdade; a relação entre o trabalhador solidário e o Estado é contraditória, pois, ao mesmo tempo em que aquele desenvolve atividades produtivas que visam à autonomia em relação a este, seu discurso aponta para a dependência dos incentivos concedidos pelo mesmo; por fim, há uma incoerência entre a condição precária do trabalhador e o seu sentimento de autonomia, de liberdade e de segurança.

Given the breadth of the concept of new capitalism and possible topics that present themselves here, the main objective of this work is especially presentation of new capitalism as reflected in sociological literature and reference to its highly efficient nature. The work is also a reflection on key topics opened by leading theoreticians of contemporary capitalism. Using Weberian sociology, the work seeks to capture the development of capitalism and to grasp new contemporary capitalism. The development of capitalism is described by the development of three important aspects that appear early in modern capitalism which are important during its whole history up to the present. It is the development of the phenomenon of work, consumption and time. For these three phenomena, the presented work deals in particular with their tendency to become increasingly more efficient. Efficiency is part of the rationalization process; the work uses a more suitable term for contemporary Euro-American society - effectivization (efficiency boost of society), due to its ubiquity and topicality, and also due to the fact that current changes are being legitimized under the designation of efficiency. Where the logic of money takes control (at the market), thinking is being rationalized and resources are being used more...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:10:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angelina Sinato.pdf: 4423636 bytes, checksum: d730b2743c12cd1b2ea763288de39597 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 / The objective of this study t is to analyze the global discourse of the social entrepreneurship scene. Therefore, we use the methodology of critical discourse analysis (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001) and (VAN DIJK, 2003) on social entrepreneurs life narratives to understand their social role in contemporary society. The object is the narratives present in digital media, which constitute the image of social entrepreneurs worldwide institutions: Ashoka, Skoll Foundation and Schwab. These organizations articulate new possible worlds (LAZZARATO, 2006) and represent in an emblematic way the new spirit of capitalism (BOLTANSKI and CHIAPELLO, 2009). Moreover, attribute legitimacy to social entrepreneurs, who are seen as modern Olympians, true culture models (MORIN, 2011). The social entrepreneur, in summary, joins the competence as a regular entrepreneur with dedication to work for the "common good". The pragmatism of the entrepreneurial figure combines heroic characteristics, which are the symbolic power (BOURDIEU, 2005). This process occurs through a complex network of production, circulation and consumption of these globalized symbolic heroic narratives. From the spread of the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship, we seek to understand their origin, their rhetoric constitution and how the social and cultural aspects are linked to it, as the process of celebritization (TORRES, 2014) the figure of the social entrepreneur. / O objetivo desse estudo é analisar o discurso globalizado da cena do empreendedorismo social. Para tanto, utilizamos a metodologia da análise crítica do discurso (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001) e (VAN DIJK, 2003) de narrativas de vida de empreendedores sociais para compreender seu papel social na contemporaneidade. Tomamos como objeto as narrativas, presentes na mídia digital, que constituem a imagem dos empreendedores sociais em instituições de abrangência mundial: Ashoka, Skoll Foundation e Schwab. Essas organizações articulam novos mundos possíveis (LAZZARATO, 2006), e representam de maneira emblemática o novo espírito do capitalismo (BOLTANSKI e CHIAPELLO, 2009). Além disso, atribuem legitimidade aos empreendedores sociais, que passam a ser vistos como olimpianos modernos, verdadeiros modelos de cultura (MORIN, 2011). O empreendedor social, em síntese, une a competência para empreender com a dedicação ao trabalho pelo bem comum . O pragmatismo da figura empreendedora se alia a características heroicas, que constituem o poder simbólico (BOURDIEU, 1989) desses atores sociais. Esse processo se dá por meio de um complexo circuito de produção, circulação e consumo simbólico dessas narrativas heroicas globalizadas. A partir da difusão do fenômeno do empreendedorismo social, buscamos entender sua origem, sua constituição retórica e quais são os aspectos sociais e culturais a ele atrelados, como o processo de celebrização (TORRES, 2014) da figura do empreendedor social.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:10:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Manente Batista.pdf: 4649864 bytes, checksum: c666dfe73d91b1e9578186467c15d93b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / This research aims to discuss the social entrepreneurship involved the in the crowdfunding platforms, researched from its communicational aspect. The social entrepreneurship configures itself as the new spirit of capitalism (BOLTANSKI; CHIAPELLO, 2009) adjusting its projects within the commodity aesthetics (HAUG, 1997) to convince the public to consume/investment in its cause. We consider the crowdfunding platforms as a discursive market (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001), whose commodities are the projects launched for funding purposes, constituting its forms of symbolic consumption. In that way, we pursue to comprehend the meanings of discursive strategies of social entrepreneurship on these platforms. The research methodology is based on the Critical Analysis of Discourse of Fairclough (idem). / Esta pesquisa tem como tema o empreendedorismo social nas plataformas de financiamento coletivo, também conhecidas como crowdfunding, investigado sob seu aspecto comunicacional. O empreendedorismo social configura-se como o novo espírito do capitalismo (BOLTANSKI; CHIAPELLO, 2009) adequando seus projetos com a estética da mercadoria (HAUG, 1997) para convencer o público ao consumo-investimento de sua causa. Consideramos as plataformas de crowdfunding como um mercado discursivo (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001) cujas mercadorias são os projetos lançados para o financiamento, constituindo suas formas de consumo simbólico. Por isso, buscamos compreender os significados das estratégias discursivas do empreendedorismo social nestas plataformas. A metodologia de pesquisa é fundamentada na Análise Crítica do Discurso de Fairclough (idem).

Cette thèse prend pour objet la diffusion dans les grandes écoles et les universités de modules de sensibilisation et de formation à « l’entrepreneuriat » ou à l’ « esprit d’entreprendre » destinés aux étudiants. Articulant science politique, sociologie de l’éducation et sociologie économique, ce travail retrace la genèse d’un problème public, sa mise en politique publique, et sa traduction en curriculum pour produire des conduites économiques d’un type particulier. Basé sur une enquête combinant méthodes qualitatives (entretiens, observations, archives) et quantitatives (passage et traitement de questionnaires), cette recherche montre, d’une part, comment certains espaces de l’enseignement supérieur se transforment sous l’effet de l’appropriation de cette nouvelle mission éducative et, d’autre part, comment le projet d’éduquer à l’entreprise se voit à son tour transformé par sa mise en forme scolaire et académique. Par ailleurs, ce travail établit que, si l’acclimatation de l’entrepreneuriat dans l’enseignement supérieur est rendue possible par la variété des usages dont il fait l’objet dans cet espace, ceux-ci ne sont toutefois jamais en mesure de modifier radicalement la signification d’un projet d’ « éducation au libéralisme » dont le cadre sémantique s’est cristallisé de longue date. En proposant une sociologie historique et politique de l’éducation à l’entrepreneuriat, cette thèse entend renouveler la connaissance de l’enseignement supérieur de deux façons : d’abord, en en donnant à voir des espaces et des acteurs jusqu’ici mal connus ; ensuite, en étudiant conjointement des dimensions rarement appréhendées ensemble (politiques universitaires et contenus d’enseignement). Ce faisant, ce travail contribue à la compréhension des mécanismes sociaux de production, de circulation et de légitimation de croyances et de pratiques économiques propres au capitalisme contemporain. / This thesis analyzes the dissemination of training modules on « entrepreneurship » or « entrepreneurial spirit » to the students of the « grandes écoles » and universities in France. Located at the intersection of political science, sociology of education and economic sociology, this research traces the genesis of a public problem, policy-making surrounding it and its translation into a curriculum to produce specific economic behaviors.Based on a field survey combining qualitative methods (interviews, participatory observations, archival research) and quantitative methods (questionnaires), this thesis demonstrates how certain areas of higher education are transformed by the appropriation of this new educational mission, and how the project of entrepreneurship education is in turn transformed by its school and academic formatting. This thesis then highlights that if the various uses of entrepreneurship in higher education have made its acclimatization in this space possible, these uses, however, are never able to radically change the meaning of a project of « education to liberalism » whose semantic framework has crystallized for a long time. Proposing a historical and political sociology of entrepreneurship education, this research intends to renew the knowledge on higher education in two ways : first, it analyzes spaces and actors that are typically/historicallunderstudied ; second, it analyzes two dimensions rarely considered together (university policies and content). This thesis therefore contributes to understanding the social mechanisms of production, circulation and legitimization of economic beliefs and practices characteristic of contemporary capitalism.

Il tema della tesi è il legame tra potere e mobilità ai vertici della scala sociale. Il campione della ricerca è costituito da oltre duecento intervistati - tra cui top manager di multinazionali, artisti internazionali e accademici globali, esponenti della proprietà ed eredi di grandi fortune basati principalmente in una delle tre città in cui si è svolto il lavoro empirico - Milano, Parigi, Londra. Dalla comparazione dei planning di mobilità e della time schedule dei diversi gruppi sociali, emergono forme di mobilità internazionale diverse - e relative strutture di costi personali: la mobilità è contemporaneamente una risorsa e una norma che pesa, oggi, su categorie ai vertici della gerarchia professionale -, strategie di presenza su scene sociali disperse e differenziali di potere sul ritmo di altri. Tali risultati contrastano con le retoriche della letteratura manageriale attuale sulla formazione di un’élite omogenea di cittadini del mondo e forniscono indizi sulla specifica morfologia sociale correlata al capitalismo avanzato. / The topic of the thesis is the link between power and mobility on the higher levels of the social scale. The sample of the research is formed by more than two hundred of interviewees – among them are top managers in multinational companies, international artists and leading global academics, large proprietors and heirs of great fortunes mainly based in one of the three cities where the empirical analysis took place – Milan, Paris and London. Comparing the mobility plannings and the time schedules of these social groups, we show different forms of international mobility - and correlated structures of personal costs: mobility is a resource and at the same time a constriction weighting today on higher-grade professionals -, strategies for the presence on dislocated social scenes and differences in power on somebody else’s rhythm. These results contradict the rhetoric of contemporary managerial literature concerning the rise of an homogeneous elite of citizens of the world and indicate the specific social morphology in post-fordist capitalism.