The UNESCO World heritage inscription has become popular with 1000+ sites nowadays, when it was introduced after the Second World War in order to protect significant areas such as landscapes and buildings. The popularity is visible in terms of touristic benefits and shows an attractive feature for the designated site, transforming the World Heritage label into a brand. However, this research finds the World Heritage brand is becoming weak in its ability to attract tourists which is in contrast with prevailing views found in preceding studies. The point of departure of this research is the situation on World Heritage Southern Öland what has influenced the scope of research focusing mainly on Nordic perspectives (Sweden, Denmark and Germany). The purpose of this paper is to call for improved stakeholder management at World Heritage sites to improve the brand and analyses the situation and practices in Sweden, Denmark and to a very limited extent, Germany. The research is based on theoretical stakeholder framework and cross-case analysis based on two case studies done in Denmark and Sweden employing data collection by interviews and questionnaires. It describes the stakeholder management and networking as contributors to the branding of the World Heritage sites. This paper shows various limitations of using the World Heritage brand and how World Heritage sites may attempt to strengthen themselves by creating a common network as well as using it as a local destination brand for commercial purpose.

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Due to digitalization and digital transformation, service-based organizations are looking into how to apply innovative digital technology in their models and processes. In the cultural heritage sector, immersive technology is often adopted to enable the digitalization of the museum experience. Applying immersive technology comes with new challenges and opportunities for museums, and it is, therefore, a strategic decision. Current literature focuses on the impact of immersive museum experiences on visitors, leaving a knowledge gap concerning the internal and external strategic stakeholders’ perspectives. The present work presents an explorative qualitative study of the perceived challenges and opportunities by strategic stakeholders of the Swedish cultural heritage sector. The main outcome of this study is a thematization of the challenges and opportunities. The findings on the challenges of immersive technology application are thematized based on innovation management, design value, and organizational model. The identified themes related to the opportunities regard operational efficiency, social sustainability, and experience design. The outcomes of this study can inform the work of researchers and industry professionals with epistemic, experiential, economic, social, and cultural implications.

Corporate responsibility is increasingly involved in corporate reputation, and so, in the economic success of a company. Car fleet operating companies are exposed to criticism and, as a direct result of this many corporate protagonists responsible for the operation of car fleets are developing measures to decrease CO2 emissions and fuel consumption. A second trend is the increasing usage of image-generating marketing actions in the worldwide ‘information society’. For various reasons, these image campaigns do not always lead to the expected improvements in corporate reputation. The crucial question is, how do these marketing actions, in the name of corporate social responsibility, relate to corporate reputation? The objective of this research is to establish rules for these relationships and to derive a new stakeholder approach to optimise corporate reputation regarding car fleet management marketing. First of all this study examines theoretical evidence in preparation for further empirical studies on the behaviour of sustainable car fleet management. With this in mind, the thesis looks at empirical evidence about the factors deemed necessary for successful responsible car fleet operation and its marketing. After conducting an online survey with more than 300 respondents, a multiple-embedded-case study with three cases, six supplementary cases, and several stakeholders represents the main part of this work. As a result, this work depicts, through three models, and via a new stakeholder approach (a combination of the three), the relationships of certain main types of firm with main types of fleet as well as the main types of marketing to support corporate reputation. Unexpected findings regarding the suitable intensity of communication to internal and external stakeholders have emerged. This approach successfully supports the design of sustainable car fleet management and a suitable arrangement of the marketing approach.

This research aims to explore the links between cross-sector collaboration, a holistic multi-stakeholder approach, and Sustainable Development, and identify whether such a holistic approach can lead to better collaboration processes, and ultimately results. Specifically, it focuses on sustainability in relation to food, through the lense of a qualitative case-study on the city of Malmö, which aims to identify and implement a more sustainable food system through the development of a Food Partnership where diverse stakeholders from across society are invited to actively engage in the process on a relatively equal basis. The study explores these theoretical concepts through the research question: How can a cross-sector collaboration with a holistic multi-stakeholder approach be developed and sustained in the pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals?The research uncovers the key factors which should be considered in order to form a holistic and long-term partnership, and based on these factors, an analytical framework is developed and used to assess the empirical findings and develop recommendations for the Malmö Food Partnership.This thesis provides a theoretical contribution by bridging the research gap between the concepts of cross-sector collaboration, a holistic multi-stakeholder approach and Sustainable Development. Furthermore, it also provides a practical contribution with its analytical framework model, which can be adapted to future partnerships for the Sustainable Development Goals in urban settings.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 乙第12964号 / 論地環博第12号 / 新制||地環||29(附属図書館) / 32363 / (主査)教授 ショウ ラジブ, 教授 岡﨑 健二, 准教授 西前 出 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

Based on an analysis of challenges and enablers of circular economy (CE) practices for outdoor brands and retailers, we aim to identify which of these CE practices are best suited for the outdoor sporting goods industry. To develop the study, we used a qualitative methodology through a content analysis of 21 expert interviews. From these interviews, we derived challenges and enablers for different CE elements in the categories reduce, circulate products, circulate materials, and shift towards renewable resources. Our findings indicate trade-offs related to the high complexity and functionality of many products, the juxtaposition of extremely technical and less technical products, and the low product return rate as challenges, while design for durability, design for repairability, and linking the degree of circularity to product types were identified as enablers. Based on our data, we argue that among circular practices reduce should form a basis upon which other aspects can build, with durability and repairability best suited for technical outdoor gear. As our study adds an industry-specific perspective, it contributes new knowledge to the CE literature. It also helps managers with the practical implications, as we argue they should be aware of potential downsides of CE elements and thus consider carefully which of those elements can help support their overall business and sustainability strategies.

Micro-property developers are social entrepreneurs operating in townships and offer high quality rental units that upholds the dignity of community members. Although they are making a valuable contribution they are also faced with many challenges and the biggest being access to funds. This study looks at how impact investing, an emerging funding model can be used to address this challenge. Impact investing can be described as a cross-sectional initiative that involves the professional participation of various stakeholders; to drive social entrepreneurship to a level which can drive the socio-economic impact within communities, to create a social good that optimises financial, social and environmental returns ( Annual Impact Investor Survey, 2019). This research study seeks to explore and understand collaboration strategies that can be employed by micro-property developers in the context of South African townships. This study investigates how micro-property developers, through institutional systems and a multi-stakeholder approach can collaborate with impact investors by applying the concept of collective impact effort in township areas. Further on, this study highlights the importance of impact investing and unpacks the successes and challenges in township areas by illuminating how risk-taking, organisational values and funding contribute to corporate considerations in generating measurable, social and environment impact combined with financial return. Through relevant literature consulted and the use of in-depth interviews this study adopted a qualitative research methodology. Research participants included micro-property developers, impact investors and intermediaries. The research findings indicate that in the corporate ambit of social entrepreneurship and impact investing; variables such as income, risks, impact measurement, the situated area of human settlement and investor readiness are key considerations in the successful acquisition of funding opportunities. In addition, although impact investment in township areas is still an untapped market in South Africa, community leadership and partners should equally advocate the need of inclusion and innovation to steer sustainable impact investment opportunities in such communities. This study suggests that impact investors and funders should work toward cross-sectional initiatives that are scalable and inclusive, and that can create a positive impact in township communities. This study also recommends that a level of deeper knowledge is required through informed research, to understand the value and the impact of impact investments in township areas. This way, scientific data can override all stereotypical notions linked to township investments, as stigmas of crime and risks still hinder investment opportunities in townships compared to their urban counterparts.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the understanding of human rights in Agenda 2030 and the role of companies by adopting a human rights-based approach to sustainable development. It applies a qualitative idea analysis of the primarily material where central concepts are operationalized by constructing a model of analysis based on dimensions. The dimensions of human rights as moral, politics and law, derives from previous research by the ethical theorist Elena Namli. A potential fourth dimension, the economic dimension of human rights, is further developed, applying research of the economists Dan Seymour and Jonathan Pincus. Furthermore, this research considers what Agenda 2030 indicates in terms of human rights obligations for companies and the impacts the perceived role of companies may have for human rights. Therefore, the theoretical framework is complemented by research of the political theorist Thomas Pogge's, and international lawyer Andrew Clapham’s ideas of human rights obligations for companies. The results show that Agenda 2030 encourages a multi-stakeholder approach and addresses companies as partners in order to achieve a sustainable development based on human rights. This can be regarded as an opportunity to enhance the respect, protection and fulfillment of human rights, inviting more actors to contribute in a complementary way to states. At the same time challenges remains in creating policies, accountability and monitoring mechanisms towards companies bothin terms of human rights and companies’ performance on the SDGs. Until there is more legal clarity, the moral question of what is good and fair business practice becomes central.

In the search for sustainability in the present days, companies format policy stuffed of the actions with responsible orientations in the social and environmental, at the same time that show concern for the relationships between its stakeholder groups. Explain this format of environmental management a delineation preventive and mitigation of environmental impacts, proposing that the environmental issue is an organizational value. But, from the moment that its operations cause environmental damage and social impacts to the society, such as atmospheric pollution, the environmental context is checkmated. Soon, as the practice of environmental crime comes against socially responsible discourse, this study aimed to understand the causes of a common effect, existing in these contexts: corporate environmental crime versus environmental responsibility. Methodological procedure to achieve the goals we conducted a survey of descriptive character and qualitative nature of documentation of the industries that are accompanied by the Secretaria do Meio Ambiente da Prefeitura Municipal de Uberlândia-MG. The method of procedure adopted was the case study in an industry with the largest historical occurrences of environmental crimes and involved as a source of evidence documentation related to environmental crimes, documents, publications and press releases related to social responsibility initiatives undertaken by the company. When analyzing the possible causes of a common effect, it was possible to show the existence of dissonance between the discourse of the organization that pointed to a stage where environmental initiatives were considered a value and of a preventive nature of environmental damage, but in fact, the company acted only in corrective regarding the mechanisms causing environmental damage. In addition, there was not concern in managing relationships with the community impacted by the crimes caused, mainly air pollution, which makes a case \"perfumed\". This demonstrates the lack of an integrated environmental management, since administrative actions do not go in the same direction of social and environmental policies. Thus, it was possible to characterize the relationships between environmental crimes versus environmental responsibility as: without direction, without pattern and indifferent. And from this characterization, it was possible to propose a framework that enables the company to seek an integrated environmental management. / Na busca pela sustentabilidade nos dias atuais, as empresas formatam políticas recheadas de ações com orientações responsáveis no âmbito social e ambiental, ao mesmo tempo em que evidenciam preocupação com as relações entre seus grupos de stakeholders. Explicitam nesse formato de gestão socioambiental um delineamento preventivo e mitigador de impactos ambientais, propondo que a questão socioambiental é um valor organizacional. Mas, a partir do momento em que suas atividades operacionais provocam danos ambientais e impactos sociais junto à sociedade, como poluição atmosférica, este contexto socioambiental é colocado em cheque. Logo, como a prática do crime ambiental vem de encontro ao discurso socialmente responsável, esse estudo buscou entender a intercausalidade existente nestes contextos: crime empresarial ambiental versus responsabilidade socioambiental. Como procedimento metodológico para atingir os objetivos foi realizada uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo e natureza qualitativa na documentação das indústrias que são acompanhadas pela Secretaria do Meio Ambiente da Prefeitura Municipal de Uberlândia-MG. O método de procedimento adotado foi o estudo de caso em uma indústria com o maior histórico de ocorrências de crimes ambientais e envolveu como fonte de evidência a documentação relacionada aos crimes ambientais; documentos, publicações e comunicados referentes às ações de responsabilidade social desenvolvidas pela empresa. Ao analisar esta intercausalidade foi possível mostrar a existência de dissonâncias entre o discurso da organização que apontava um estágio onde as ações socioambientais eram consideradas como valor e de caráter preventivo de danos ambientais, mas que na verdade, a empresa agia apenas de forma corretiva com relação aos mecanismos causadores dos danos ambientais. Além disso, não houve a preocupação em gerenciar as relações com a comunidade, impactada pelos crimes provocados, principalmente a poluição atmosférica, o que a torna um caso perfumado . Isso demonstra a inexistência de uma gestão socioambiental integrada, uma vez que as ações administrativas não caminham no mesmo sentido das políticas sociais e ambientais. Assim, foi possível caracterizar as relações entre crimes ambientais versus responsabilidade socioambiental como: sem direção, sem padrão e indiferentes. E, a partir dessa caracterização, foi possível propor uma estrutura que possibilite à empresa buscar uma gestão socioambiental integrada. / Mestre em Administração