Cette recherche s'inscrit dans une démarche originale d'évaluation de politiques publiques en France à travers l'étude du concours national d'aide à la création d'entreprises de technologies innovantes (crédit incitatif issu de la Loi sur l'Innovation du 12 Juillet 1999). <br />Son efficacité est évaluée sous l'angle de la qualité de son ciblage et de l'information qu'il procure aux autres agents (notamment les investisseurs) en s'appuyant sur le concept de quality certification (ou label public). <br />Le travail empirique se base sur le traitement statistique d'un échantillon de 500 entreprises créées sur la période 1999-2006, sur une étude de cas portant sur 11 entreprises issues du concours ayant réalisé une forte levée de fonds sur le marché du capital risque, et sur une enquête de satisfaction auprès d'une vingtaine d'investisseurs. <br />Les résultats mettent en valeur l'impact positif de ce financement public en termes de ciblage, de performance des bénéficiaires, d'effet de levier financier et d'efficience systémique. Mais la viabilité des entreprises créées reste incertaine et la quality certification est insuffisante auprès des différents partenaires financiers. Dans un contexte institutionnel encore peu favorable, la pluralité et la forte décentralisation de l'intervention publique est plus largement pointée tout comme les déterminants et barrières à la croissance et au financement des Jeunes Entreprises Innovantes. Des préconisations méthodologiques, pratiques et politiques sont enfin formulées.

<p>The study is based on the need for economic development and higher employment in South Africa. Political measures encourage organisations, like the Christian, non-governmental organisation, Project Gateway to educate disadvantaged groups in entrepreneurship. Through interviews, I have studied a group of 23 entrepreneurs, who participated in the program four years ago. I was able to find 15 people, of who two fulfilled Project Gateways goal of the program. I do find this to be low and recommend that the organisation work on networking, changes in the mentorship program, education in Zulu and encouraging lending awareness among the students.</p> / <p>Denna studie grundar sig i behovet av arbeten och ekonomisk utveckling i Syd Afrika. Politiska åtgärder uppmuntrar organisationer som den kristna frivillige organisationen Project Gateway att utbilda utsatta grupper i entreprenörskap. Genom intervjuer har jag undersökt en grupp på 23 entreprenörer, fyra år efter det att de deltog i programmet. Av dessa hittade jag 15 personer varav 2 uppfyllde Projects Gateways mål med utbildningen. Detta anser jag vara lågt och rekommenderar organisationen att prioritera nätverks byggande, förändringar i mentorskaps programmet, utbildning i Zulu och kunskap i hur man lånar pengar för att starta företag.</p>

Bakgrund Entreprenörer som startar nya företag kommer troligtvis att behöva antingen kapital, eller kompetens i hur ett företag drivs, men mest sannolikt är att de behöver både och. Affärs-änglar är individer som investerar sina privata pengar mestadels i företag som befinner sig i en utvecklingsfas eller en tidig tillväxtfas. Affärsänglar kan också bidra med icke-finansiella resurser till företag såsom kompetens, färdigheter, kunskap och erfarenhet. Problem/Syfte Vad kan entreprenörer som är i behov av både kapital och kompetens göra för att hitta den ”rätta” affärsängeln, hur kan entreprenören attrahera denna, samt vilka faktorer är avgö-rande för att en arbetsrelation med en affärsängel ska bli lyckad? Syftet med denna uppsats är att utifrån entreprenören som investeringsobjekt så väl som kapitalsökare, beskriva olika faktorer som entreprenörer kan beakta för att öka sina möjligheter till att inleda och genomföra ett lyckat samarbete med en affärsängel. Slutsats Vi fann ett antal faktorer som kan påverka utgången av en arbetsrelation med en affärsäng-el. Dessa är den personliga relationen, att entreprenörens behov stämmer överens med vad affärsängeln kan erbjuda, överensstämmande avsikter, och ett väl genomarbetat aktieägar-avtal. / Background Entrepreneurs who start a new venture will probably need either capital, or competence in how to run a business, but most likely they need them both. Business angels are individuals who invest their private money in companies in a start-up or early growth phase. Business angels can also contribute non-financial resources to companies such as competence, skills, knowledge and experience. Problem/Purpose What can entrepreneurs who are in need of both capital and competence do to find the “right” business angel, how can they attract these investors, and which factors are decisive for a successful working relationship with a business angel? The purpose of this thesis is, with a starting point in the entrepreneur as an investment project and capital seeker, to de-scribe a number of factors entrepreneurs can consider in order to increase their possibilities in initiating and carrying out a successful working relationship with a business angel. Conclusion The authors found a number of factors affecting the outcome of a working relationship with a business angel. These are the personal relationship, a match between the entrepre-neur’s needs and the business angel’s competence, an agreed agenda, and a thoroughly worked out shareholder agreement.

The study is based on the need for economic development and higher employment in South Africa. Political measures encourage organisations, like the Christian, non-governmental organisation, Project Gateway to educate disadvantaged groups in entrepreneurship. Through interviews, I have studied a group of 23 entrepreneurs, who participated in the program four years ago. I was able to find 15 people, of who two fulfilled Project Gateways goal of the program. I do find this to be low and recommend that the organisation work on networking, changes in the mentorship program, education in Zulu and encouraging lending awareness among the students. / Denna studie grundar sig i behovet av arbeten och ekonomisk utveckling i Syd Afrika. Politiska åtgärder uppmuntrar organisationer som den kristna frivillige organisationen Project Gateway att utbilda utsatta grupper i entreprenörskap. Genom intervjuer har jag undersökt en grupp på 23 entreprenörer, fyra år efter det att de deltog i programmet. Av dessa hittade jag 15 personer varav 2 uppfyllde Projects Gateways mål med utbildningen. Detta anser jag vara lågt och rekommenderar organisationen att prioritera nätverks byggande, förändringar i mentorskaps programmet, utbildning i Zulu och kunskap i hur man lånar pengar för att starta företag.

This thesis focuses on the application of model predictive control approaches to optimize the combined cycle power plants start-ups. Generally, the optimization of start-up is a very problematic issue that poses significant challenges. The development of the proposed approaches is progressive. In the first part a physical model of plant is developed and adapted to optimization purposes, by using a methodology which transforms Modelica model components into optimization-oriented models. By applying this methodology, a library suitable for optimization purposes has been built.In the second part, based on the developed model, an optimization procedure to improve the performances of the start-up phases is suggested. The proposed solution optimizes, in continuous time, the load profile of the turbines, by seeking in specific sets of functions. The optimal profile is derived by considering that this profile can be described by a parameterized function whose parameters are computed by solving a constrained optimal control problem. In the last part, the open-loop optimization procedure has been integrated into a receding horizon control strategy. This strategy represents a robust solution against perturbation and models errors, and enables to improve the trade-off between computation time and optimality of the solution. Nevertheless, the control approach leads to a significant computation time. In order to obtain real-time implementable results, a hierarchical model predictive control structure with two layers, working at different time scales and over different prediction horizons, has been proposed.

<p>Bakgrund</p><p>Entreprenörer som startar nya företag kommer troligtvis att behöva antingen kapital, eller kompetens i hur ett företag drivs, men mest sannolikt är att de behöver både och. Affärs-änglar är individer som investerar sina privata pengar mestadels i företag som befinner sig i en utvecklingsfas eller en tidig tillväxtfas. Affärsänglar kan också bidra med icke-finansiella resurser till företag såsom kompetens, färdigheter, kunskap och erfarenhet.</p><p>Problem/Syfte</p><p>Vad kan entreprenörer som är i behov av både kapital och kompetens göra för att hitta den ”rätta” affärsängeln, hur kan entreprenören attrahera denna, samt vilka faktorer är avgö-rande för att en arbetsrelation med en affärsängel ska bli lyckad? Syftet med denna uppsats är att utifrån entreprenören som investeringsobjekt så väl som kapitalsökare, beskriva olika faktorer som entreprenörer kan beakta för att öka sina möjligheter till att inleda och genomföra ett lyckat samarbete med en affärsängel.</p><p>Slutsats</p><p>Vi fann ett antal faktorer som kan påverka utgången av en arbetsrelation med en affärsäng-el. Dessa är den personliga relationen, att entreprenörens behov stämmer överens med vad affärsängeln kan erbjuda, överensstämmande avsikter, och ett väl genomarbetat aktieägar-avtal.</p> / <p>Background</p><p>Entrepreneurs who start a new venture will probably need either capital, or competence in how to run a business, but most likely they need them both. Business angels are individuals who invest their private money in companies in a start-up or early growth phase. Business angels can also contribute non-financial resources to companies such as competence, skills, knowledge and experience.</p><p>Problem/Purpose</p><p>What can entrepreneurs who are in need of both capital and competence do to find the “right” business angel, how can they attract these investors, and which factors are decisive for a successful working relationship with a business angel? The purpose of this thesis is, with a starting point in the entrepreneur as an investment project and capital seeker, to de-scribe a number of factors entrepreneurs can consider in order to increase their possibilities in initiating and carrying out a successful working relationship with a business angel.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The authors found a number of factors affecting the outcome of a working relationship with a business angel. These are the personal relationship, a match between the entrepre-neur’s needs and the business angel’s competence, an agreed agenda, and a thoroughly worked out shareholder agreement.</p>

This document is intended to be used strictly for VOSHUS, LLC as a marketing plan dating from June 2012-May 2013. Within the plan are a variety of elements meant to enhance brand awareness, reach the target market, and increase the overall profit margin. As VOSHUS is a start up brand, the budget for marketing is rather low, but it is divided as best as both the author of this document and the owner of VOSHUS saw fit. With this plan as a guideline to marketing the brand in its first official launch, VOSHUS will finally have the opportunity to become the powerful brand it is meant to be. / text

台灣有很多的新創公司，產業結構以中小企業為主， 2013年台灣中小企業佔全體企業的97.64%；不可否認的是中小企業是台灣經濟的中流砥柱，也是幫助就業與平均分配所得的要角。然而，有超過三成的新設企業在五年以內結束營業，而經濟部2013年所出版的全球創業觀察台灣年報中的調查表示，新設企業在資金周轉不靈或是資源缺乏的情況下，將難以持續營運企業。 當人們再購買產品或是服務之前，多半傾向會去詢問親友或是熟人的意見，有93%的消費者會上網搜尋口碑意見，且有近53%的消費者會上網評論、分享他們的經驗，而當對於商品或服務滿意時，評論的意願會增加。國內外對於口碑效應的研究不在少數，但研究本身多集中在口碑效應的行程以及消費者行為，較少從企業的觀點出發研究口碑管理，如果能夠深入研究口碑管理的操作細節並能夠為新創事業所運用的話，將能夠大大提升資源效率與公司的存活率。 本研究欲探討的問題有三，1. 新創事業在達到穩定期之前如何促進口碑傳播？再者，促進口碑傳播的行為與其成長階段的關係為何？2. 新創事業在達到穩定期之前如何監視口碑？再者，監視口碑的行為與其成長階段的關係為何？3. 新創事業在達到穩定期之前如何回應口碑？再者，回應口碑的行為與其成長階段的關係為何？ 透過深入訪談新創事業-木酢家，並配合相關次級資料的蒐集與整理，本研究獲得以下結論1.新創事業會透過接觸虛擬和實體世界中不同的人際網絡促進口碑傳播。2. 新創事業口碑監視的重點在於，更詳細的了解消費者行為，以及顧客真正想要的產品。3. 口碑回應是對消費者傳達理念的途徑，新創事業再塑造形象時會納入策略的一部分。 / There are many start-up companies in Taiwan, and therefore made the industrial structure full of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In the year of 2013, SMEs account for 97.64% of all the enterprises,and are the mainstay of the employment market andthe economy system in Taiwan. However, the data shows that over 30% of SMEs end up in 5 years, the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) from the Ministry of Economic Affairs said that the lack of money and resources are the biggest challenge of running a start-up company. When making the decision of buying products and services, people incline to ask for the opinions from friends or acquaintances. The data shows that 93% of the respondents search word-of-mouth informations on the internet, and 53% of them shared their experiences. The more satisfaction they perceived, the more likely they would share the experience. There were abundance of researches in the past studying word-of-mouth, much of them gave discussions on word-of-mouth effects and consumer behaviors, while only a few studying about word-of-mouth management from the enterprise view of point. Despite the power that word-of-mouth contains, if it can be apply by some of the SMEs, it might enhance the efficiency of utilizing resources. This thesis is going to study three questions: 1. How does a start-up company foster word-of-mouth before the company comes to a stabilizing phase? Moreover, what is the relationship between the word-of-mouth foster activity and the growing phases? 2. How does a start-up company monitor word-of-mouth before the company comes to a stabilizing phase? Moreover, what is the relationship between the word-of-mouth monitor activity and the growing phases? 3. How does a start-up company responds to word-of-mouth before the company comes to a stabilizing phase? Moreover, what is the relationship between the word-of-mouth responding activity and the growing phases? The research findings are describe as following:1. A Start-up company foster word-of-mouth by attaching different virtual and physical social networks. 2. The word-of-mouth monitor activity of a start-up company focuses on the comprehension of consumer behaviors and the consumer needs. 3. The word-of-mouth responding activity is a way to convey the belief of the company, it would be a part of the strategy when a start-up company is shaping its image.

繼網路創業後，近年來可以看到以行動應用創業的案例越來越多，而之中又以整合虛實通路的O2O (Online to Offline，線上至線下的通路模式)模式更為熱門。過去由於虛擬通路的盛行，造就了電子商務的快速發展，也因而使得消費資訊傳遞得更加快速。在這樣的情況下，企業的策略與經營模式也不斷地調整，電子商務方面則產生了很大的變化，原本只著重於經營虛擬通路的企業，開始反向經營實體通路，而原本只經營實體通路的企業，則開始經營起虛擬通路。 本論文研究主要的目的在於探討台灣新創公司如何經營O2O的模式，本研究以核心資源、營運範疇、事業網路等三構面，探討三家新創公司（食我餐飲顧問公司、百迪爾資訊公司、呼叫師傅公司）O2O方面的經營策略，並藉由第四構面-價值創造，探究該等公司在O2O服務上所創造的價值。 本研究所得到的主要結論包括：(1)新創公司在O2O的初期經營上，會著重於需求端。(2)新創公司在經營O2O的業務推廣上，會尋求外部資源的協助。(3)新創公司在經營O2O的服務品質控管上，會透過廠商篩選機制的建立以及與廠商的合約來加以強化。(4)新創公司在O2O的經營上，會透過在地資訊的即時提供來提高使用者採用O2O平台的意願。本文最後並提出實務上的意涵與後續研究的建議。 / Since the trend of running businesses on the Internet started to foster, we could see that there are more and more cases taking portable devices as the core of their business. Besides, the Online to Offline (O2O) business model of using the clicks-and-mortar channel might be one of the most popular choices. In the past, due to the prevailing of virtual channel, it did make e-commerce to be in vogue, and also help consuming information to transact more rapidly. In this kind of situations, the business strategies and business models of enterprises also kept on making adjustments to follow the flow. As for e-commerce, it did resulted in huge changes. For those enterprises who used to concentrate on virtual channels, they started the business of physical channels; those enterprises who only aiming at running physical channels started to explore the area of virtual channels. The main purpose of the study is to discuss about how those Taiwanese start-up companies operate O2O business. Moreover, the study takes core resources, operating area and business networks to view the O2O business strategies of three start-up companies. Also, by using value creation, the study wants to understand the value created by the O2O business of those companies. After the research of the issues above, the study came up with four main conclusions: 1. Start-up companies would concentrate on the demand side in the beginning of their business. 2. Start-up companies would seek for the help of outer resources when they were promoting their business. 3. In the aspect of controlling the quality of their services, start-up companies would choose to build the filtering system of target companies and signing contracts. 4. In running O2O business, start-up companies would offer local information immediately to raise consumers’ will of using their O2O platform. With those four main point provided by the study, it also brings up the meaning the practical meaning of the study and suggestions of following researches. Keywords: Start-up Company, O2O (Online to Offline), Business Strategy, Value Creation

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