Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-04-24T20:27:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLFB.pdf: 1375416 bytes, checksum: aadce32732c2300305b1b8acaac26d25 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-04-26T13:37:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLFB.pdf: 1375416 bytes, checksum: aadce32732c2300305b1b8acaac26d25 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-04-26T13:37:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLFB.pdf: 1375416 bytes, checksum: aadce32732c2300305b1b8acaac26d25 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-26T17:23:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLFB.pdf: 1375416 bytes, checksum: aadce32732c2300305b1b8acaac26d25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This research aims to study the relationship and unfolding of the wage subsidy policy for professional development and teaching work in the state of São Paulo. The initial proposal to subsidize teachers was implemented by the State Secretariat of Education of São Paulo, through Complementary Law No. 891 of 2000, which instituted the Merit Bonus, but the study was delimited in the proposal presented by Complementary Law No. 1,078 of 2008 that deals with the Bonification by Results (BR). These bonuses would be paid to the servants in office at the State Secretariat of Education of São Paulo who have met the established goals, which aim, according to the Law itself, to improve and improve the quality of public education in São Paulo. The research has a qualitative and dialectical character. The collection of official documents was used as data collection procedures on the website of the State Secretariat of Education of São Paulo; The bibliographic survey on websites of periodicals, universities and thesis and dissertation banks; As well as interviews with teachers of basic education in a municipality in the interior of the state of São Paulo. The results were triangulated, analyzed and interpreted through authors who are based on historical-dialectical materialism, seeking to broaden the understanding of the unfolding perceived by teachers in their work and professional development from the relationship between educational goals and salary bonuses. It was found that the bonus policies are linked to a worldwide movement, in which the USA and England stand out as precursors to the development of such wage subsidy policies. In the state of São Paulo, the specific goals for each school unit are proposed based on the São Paulo State Education Development Index (IDESP), which is composed of the São Paulo State School Income Assessment System (SARESP) and the Students in the initial and final years of Elementary and Middle School. The general results indicate the teachers' discontent regarding the way in which the bonus policy is developed, since it negatively impacts on the work of the teacher, devaluing it to the detriment of the achievement of the IDESP goals, with the devaluation of the other disciplines due to the focus Of the Portuguese Language and Mathematics, being configured, in this sense, the teaching for the test. It is also noticed in the teachers' interviews, the feeling of loss of the teaching identity due to the new roles assigned to the school, causing the teaching sometimes to be at the mercy of other demands that are not a function of the teacher, causing them The feeling of devaluation of the exercise of the profession itself and loss of autonomy in teaching due to the strong directives of the teaching board. Finally, professional development has also been negatively impacted, since the offer of continuing education courses has been limited to the courses offered by the SEE, which are directed to the implementation of the curriculum and that, in general, displease the teachers, causing these, only participate in them for salary progression. It should be stressed that continuing education alone does not guarantee the improvement of students' performance and that a better articulation between initial, continuing, career planning and public investment in material conditions is needed to improve education rates. Therefore, the negative impact that the bonus policy generates at school and, especially, on the work and professional development of teachers is revealed. / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a relação e os desdobramentos da política de bonificação salarial para o desenvolvimento profissional e o trabalho docente no estado de São Paulo. A proposta inicial de bonificar os professores foi implementada pela Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo (SEE-SP), por meio da Lei Complementar nº 891 de 2000, que instituiu o Bônus Mérito, porém delimitou-se o estudo na proposta apresentada pela Lei Complementar nº 1.078 de 2008 que versa sobre a Bonificação por Resultados (BR). Esses bônus seriam pagos aos servidores em exercício na Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo os quais tenham cumprido as metas estabelecidas, que visam, segundo a própria Lei, ao aprimoramento e à melhoria da qualidade do ensino público paulista. A pesquisa apresenta caráter qualitativo e dialético. Foram utilizados como procedimentos de coleta de dados o levantamento de documentos oficiais no site da Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo; o levantamento bibliográfico em sites de periódicos, universidades e em bancos de teses e dissertações; bem como a realização de entrevistas com professores da educação básica de um município do interior do estado de São Paulo. Os resultados foram triangulados, analisados e interpretados por meio de autores que se fundamentam no materialismo histórico-dialético, buscando a ampliação da compreensão sobre os desdobramentos percebidos pelos docentes em seu trabalho e desenvolvimento profissional a partir da relação entre metas educacionais e bônus salarial. Constatou-se que as políticas de bonificação estão atreladas a um movimento mundial, em que se destacam EUA e Inglaterra como precursores do desenvolvimento de tais políticas de bonificação salarial. No estado de São Paulo as metas específicas para cada unidade escolar são propostas a partir do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação do Estado de São Paulo (IDESP) que é composto pelo Sistema de Avaliação de Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo (SARESP) e o fluxo escolar dos alunos nos anos iniciais e finais do Ensino Fundamental e Médio. Os resultados gerais indicam o descontentamento dos professores em relação à forma como a política de bonificação é desenvolvida, pois ela impacta negativamente no trabalho do professor desvalorizando-o em detrimento do alcance das metas do IDESP, com a desvalorização das demais disciplinas em função do foco em Língua Portuguesa e Matemática, configurando-se, nesse sentido, o ensino para o teste. Percebe-se também nas entrevistas dos professores, a sensação de perda da identidade docente em função dos novos papéis atribuídos à escola, fazendo com que o ensino, às vezes, fique à mercê de demais demandas que não são função do professor, causando-lhes a sensação de desvalorização do próprio exercício da profissão e perda de autonomia no ensino em função das fortes diretrizes da diretoria de ensino. Por fim, o desenvolvimento profissional também foi impactado negativamente, pois a oferta de cursos de formação continuada tem sido limitada aos cursos oferecidos pela SEE-SP, que são direcionados à implementação do currículo e que, de maneira geral, desagradam os professores, fazendo com que estes, só participem dos mesmos para progressão salarial. Destaca-se que a formação continuada por si só não garante a melhoria dos desempenhos dos alunos e que é necessária maior articulação entre a formação inicial, continuada, plano de carreira e o investimento público nas condições materiais para se melhorarem os índices da educação. Desvela-se, portanto o impacto negativo que a política de bonificação gera na escola e, em especial, no trabalho e no desenvolvimento profissional dos professores.

Trata-se de estudo sobre a política de criminalização imposta aos jovens residentes das comunidades carentes do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Pretende-se identificar as visões antagônicas sobre essa questão e as discussões sobre o aumento do uso de drogas, associado à criminalidade e ao interesse de amplos setores da sociedade no combate a esse consumo e ao tráfico. Destacam-se os motivos que pressionam o Estado a construir uma política de combate às drogas, assim como a economia da droga influenciando e determinando os rumos de uma mentalidade que persegue uma eficácia questionável de consumo zero de drogas nas sociedades. Para melhor entendimento dessa questão, pretende-se examinar a influência da política norte-americana antidrogas numa economia globalizada. A análise está fundamentada nos estudos teóricos sobre economia das drogas, redução de danos e na legislação brasileira. Também foram consideradas as fontes orais, extraídas de discursos de parlamentares e especialistas em criminalização de comportamentos transgressores sociais. Os relatos, retirados de periódicos, discursos e entrevistas, receberam a forma de texto-relato, seguindo os métodos utilizados pelas Ciências Sociais. / This is a study on the criminalization politics imposed on young residents of poor communities in the State of Rio de Janeiro. It is intended to identify the opposing views on this issue and discussions on the increasing use of drugs, the associated crime and the interest of broad sectors of society in combating this trafficking and consumption. Noteworthy are the reasons that push the state to build a policy to combat drugs, and the drug economy influencing and determining the direction of a mindset that pursues a questionable efficacy of zero consumption of drugs in society. To better understand this issue, we intend to examine the influence of U.S. antidrug policy in a globalized economy. The analysis is based on theoretical studies on economics of drugs, harm reduction and Brazilian law. Also considered were oral sources, taken from speeches of parliamentarians and experts on criminalization of offensive social behavior. The reports, drawn from journals, speeches and interviews, given the form of text-report, following the methods used by the Social Sciences.

Cette thèse a pour objectif de contribuer à la compréhension du développement des augmentations de capital réservées aux salariés au sein des entreprises en France. Le premier chapitre définit le concept d’augmentation de capital réservée aux salariés et présente le cadre légal au sein duquel s’inscrivent ces opérations. Nous considérons qu’une augmentation de capital réservée aux salariés est une émission d’actions nouvelles réservées aux salariés non-dirigeants adhérents au plan épargne entreprise ou au plan épargne groupe. Le deuxième chapitre présente, sur la base des théories qui traitent de la politique de financement des entreprises, une revue de la littérature qui s’est intéressée aux opérations d’ouverture du capital des entreprises aux salariés. Le troisième chapitre examine si la prise en compte par les dirigeants des intérêts des actionnaires, des modalités de prise de décision des salariés et de la politique de l’Etat influence la décision des entreprises de recourir à une augmentation de capital réservée aux salariés. Les estimations sont menées à partir d’un échantillon de 110 entreprises françaises non financières appartenant au SBF250 de 1998 à 2007 soit 1 083 firmes-années. Les résultats confirment partiellement les prédictions de la théorie positive de l’agence. Ils montrent une relative influence des intérêts des actionnaires (structure de propriété) et de la politique de l’Etat à l’égard des augmentations de capital réservées aux salariés sur la décision des entreprises de recourir à ce mode de financement. Le quatrième chapitre étudie l’impact du niveau d’asymétrie d’information sur la décision des entreprises de recourir à une augmentation de capital réservée aux salariés sur la base du même échantillon. Les résultats confirment partiellement les prédictions de la théorie du financement hiérarchique. Nous trouvons une influence partielle du niveau d’asymétrie d’information et du déficit de financement sur la décision des entreprises de recourir à cette forme d’augmentation de capital. Enfin, le cinquième chapitre teste l’influence de la volonté des dirigeants de créer et protéger une base de connaissances commune sur la décision des entreprises de recourir à une augmentation de capital réservée aux salariés toujours sur la base de l’échantillon des 110 entreprises. Les résultats confirment partiellement les prédictions des théories cognitives. Nous montrons que l’intensité du capital humain et l’effort d’innovation influencent la décision des entreprises d’émettre des actions exclusivement destinées aux salariés. / This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of the development of employee equity issue within French companies. The first chapter defines the concept of employee equity issue and presents the relevant legal framework. We consider that an employee equity issue takes place when new shares reserved to non-executive employees acceding to the company savings plan or group savings plan are issued. The second chapter is a literature review of studies of employee stock ownership based on theories that deal with firms’ financing policies. The third chapter examines whether the fact that executives take into account shareholders’ interests, employees’ decision-making modes and the State policy affects companies’ decision to issue shares reserved to employees. We use a sample of 110 non financial French companies belonging to the SBF250 index covering the period 1998 to 2007, totaling 1,083 firms-years. Results partially confirm the predictions of the positive agency theory. They show the relative influence of shareholders’ interests and of the State policy regarding employee equity issue on the decision of companies to resort to this source of financing. The fourth chapter studies the impact of the degree of asymmetric information on companies’ decision to issue shares reserved to employees on the basis of the 110 companies’ sample. Results partially confirm the predictions of pecking order theory. We find that the level of asymmetric information and financing deficit partially influences the decision of companies to resort to employee equity issue. Still on the basis of the 110 companies’ sample, the fifth chapter examines the extent to which companies’ willingness to create and protect a common knowledge base influences their decision to issue shares to employees. Results partially confirm the predictions of cognitive theories (knowledge based view). We show that the intensity of human capital and the innovation effort influence firms’ decision to issue shares destined to employees.

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The task of the dissertation is an analyse and a summary of problematic of increasing and widespreading of training in the concrete enterprise. The starting point for analyse is the finding out of the basic indicators. The analyses of all system connected with this problematic is followed by the assessment of the found data from the area of education -including improving and widespreading of training , personal planning and care of emploeeyes. Along with all above mentioned , the target of my dissertation is to make some suggestion and to take some measures for possible changes connected with education or social issues. The result of this survey is an improving suggestion related to assessment of effectivness of the gained knowledge - and their using in practice. I have made two assessment forms (they have form of survey) . The next part of my dissertation considers about the state policy of employment. There is (except of role of Labour Bureau, tools of active policy of employment, information about programmes for support of new labour places) also a mention about the financial state support. For this task (and for meeting of each of these targets) I have chosen the enterprise with headquarters in České Budějovice, called Jihočeská plynárenská, joint stock company.

Goal of research is to analyze the organizational and legal foundations of the development of the institute of children's self-government at the level of the municipality, determine the social technologies of its implementation and develop recommendations for the development of the institute of children's self-government for municipal authorities. In the course of research, the current state of the institution of children's self-government in Russia was analyzed; the main problems of the development of the institute of children's self-government are identified and the causes of these problems are established; recommendations were developed to overcome the identified problems in the development of the institute of children's self-government for municipal authorities. / Цель работы − проанализировать организационные и правовые основы развития института детского самоуправления на уровне муниципального образования, определить социальные технологии его реализации и разработать рекомендации развития института детского самоуправления для органов муниципального управления. В процессе исследования проанализировано текущее состояние института детского самоуправления в России; выявлены основные проблемы развития института детского самоуправления и установлены причины этих проблем; разработаны рекомендации по преодолению выявленных проблем в развитии института детского самоуправления для органов муниципального управления.