Specification of floral organ identity in angiosperm flowers is accomplished by the coordinated activity of A-, B-, C-, and E-class MADS-box genes. In the eudicots, B-class genes specify petal and stamen identity. This eudicot B-class function depends on the simultaneous expression of genes from two paralogous B-class lineages (the DEFICIENS/APETALA3 lineage and the GLOBOSA/PISTILLATA lineage). Proteins produced by genes from these two lineages interact as obligate heterodimers and together regulate the transcription of various downstream targets. These obligate heterodimers also positively regulate the transcription of the B-class genes themselves, thereby mediating a unique B-class autoregulatory feedback loop. There is compelling evidence that B-class function at the phenotypic and molecular level is highly conserved among the eudicots. The degree to which B-class homeotic function, obligate heterodimerization, and autoregulation are conserved in non-eudicot, however, remains a topic of debate. Here we describe loss of function in Sterile tassel silky ear1 (Sts1) a maize ortholog of GLOBOSA/PISTILLATA formerly known as Zmm16. Mutation in Sts1 results in homeotic transformation of lodicules and stamens into bract-like organs in male inflorescences. Female inflorescences are affected in a similar manner. Stamens in these inflorescences are, however, transformed into carpels instead of into bract-like organs. This mutant phenotype suggests that Sts1 has a B-class homeotic function. Using qRT-PCR we also demonstrate that Sts1 participates in positive transcriptional regulation of all of the maize B-class genes. These findings suggest a high degree of B-class functional conservation between the monocots and the eudicots. Analysis of tasselseed1/sts1 and grassy tillers1/sts1 double mutants suggests that maize B-class genes also play a role in the sex determination process.

No description available.

Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are common comorbidities that often coincide and have a significant impact on the severity of diabetes. This current study investigates the pathology and mechanism behind skeletal muscle cachexia and cardiac dysfunction in diabetic dyslipidemia. Stem cells continue to be critical as a regenerative strategy to restore damaged tissue, however, several drawbacks have been observed with use of stem cells including thrombogenesis, low survival, and tumorigenicity. Therefore, we isolated exosomes from stem cells and assessed their ability to attenuate diabetes-induced sarcopenia and cardiomyopathy. Exosomes are nanosized particles released by cells, containing proteins and nucleic acids that allow it to exhibit similar properties to the cell type of origin. To model diabetic dyslipidemia, we utilized ApoE knockout mice (10±2 weeks) and divided them into 4 groups consisting of control (saline intraperitoneal (IP) injection), diabetic (STZ IP injection), treatment group administered intravenous (IV) exosomes derived from miR-1 ES-Exos (microRNA-1 enriched Embryonic Stem Cells) or MSC-Exos (Mesenchymal Stem Cells), and negative control treatment MEF-Exos (Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts). Heart and soleus tissue samples were analyzed for inflammation, inflammatory cell death expression, and adverse tissue remodeling using histology, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, RT-PCR, cytokine, and luciferase-based arrays. In summary we found diabetic dyslipidemic mice acquire cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Administration of miR-1 ES-Exos and MSC-Exos significantly mitigated inflammation and cell death marker expression, resulting in improved cardiac and skeletal muscle function. In conclusion our data shows that miR-1 ES-Exos and MSC-Exos are effective therapeutic agents in attenuating diabetes-induced sarcopenia and cardiomyopathy.

Bakgrund: Förlossningssmärta är en av de mest intensiva formerna av smärta. Det finns både farmakologiska och icke farmakologiska metoder för att lindra förlossningssmärta. En icke farmakologisk smärtlindringsmetod är sterilvatteninjektioner. Sterilt vatten injiceras intrakutant eller subkutant. Smärtlindrande effekten kommer snabbt, oftast inom 10 min och kan sitta kvar i upp till två timmar. Enda bieffekt injektionerna ger är en brännande känsla när det sterila vattnet injiceras. Syfte: Att analysera betydelsen av den smärta som uppstår vid behandling med sterilvatteninjektioner. Metod: Kvalitativ metod i enlighet med hybridmodellen har använts. Hybridmodellen är uppdelad i tre faser. I den första, teoretiska fasen, gjordes artikelsökningar. I den andra, empiriska fasen, intervjuades åtta kvinnor och fyra barnmorskor. I den tredje fasen sker en sammanfattande analys. Resultat: Sticksmärtan har betydelse i kvinnans val att använda sterilvatteninjektioner. När barnmorskorna informerar kvinnorna om sterilvatteninjektioner får de information om att de kommer uppleva en smärta i samband med injektionen. Efter erhållen sterilvatteninjektion uttrycker kvinnorna att det gjorde ont att få injektionerna. Konklusion: Smärta uppkommer när kvinnor erhåller sterilvatteninjektioner. När barnmorskan upplyser om sterilvatteninjektionernas effekt vill kvinnorna ändå testa. De kvinnor som erhöll en god smärtlindring av injektionerna kände att smärtan var överkomlig och kunde då rekommendera metoden till andra. / Background: Labor pain is one of the most intensive forms of pain. Sterile water injected intradermal or subcutaneously is a non-pharmacological pain-relief method. The analgesic effect comes quickly and can remain for up to two hours. The only side-effect is a burning pain during injection. Aim: To analyze the importance of the pain that occurs during treatment with sterile water injections. Method: A qualitative method in accordance with the hybrid model has been used. The hybrid model is divided into three phases. In the first, theoretical phase, search of scientific articles was made. In the second, empirical phase, interviews were conducted with eight women and four midwives. In the third phase a summary analysis takes place. Results: Injection pain is of importance in the woman's choice of the use of sterile water injections. Midwives inform women of sterile water injections, they informed that they will experience a pain associated with the injection. After the women received sterile water injection they expressed that it hurts to get the injection. Conclusion: Pain arises when obtaining sterile water injections. Women who received a good pain relief from the injections felt that the pain was affordable and could then recommend the method to others.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, is a highly invasive species throughout the world and considered as one of the most successful agricultural and economical pests. The increase of global trade in fruit and human travel combined with the biology of the medfly has allowed the species to spread from its proposed Afrotropical origin, to a number of locations throughout the world. In the Western Cape various control strategies have been implemented to control medfly populations, including insecticides and more environmentally-friendly techniques such as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). In order to be effective, however, an SIT program requires some knowledge of the population structure and the movement of individuals between pest-occupied sites. The identification of sites from which re-invasion is most likely to occur and knowledge regarding the primary routes through which pests are likely to re-establish are critical to ensure successful SIT programmes. To provide this important information to SIT and area-wide pest control programs in South Africa, sampling at two different spatial scales (regional- and fine-scale) in South Africa was undertaken. Regional scale sampling was done at 13 locations in the Western Cape and fine scale sampling was done at 13 locations within the Ceres-valley. All individuals were genotyped at 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers and selected individuals from the regional scale were sequenced for the mitochondrial gene COI. Our results show that populations at regional- and fine-scale in the Western Cape are characterized by high levels of genetic diversity (HEregional = 0.805; HEfine = 0.803). Little or weak population differentiation was detected at the regional- and fine-scales, suggesting overall high levels of gene flow among sampling locations. These findings were supported by coalescent based methods indicating sufficient levels of gene flow to prevent population differentiation between neighbouring (200m) and distant (350km) populations. However, natural dispersal in C. capitata has been shown to rarely exceed 10 km. As such, high levels of gene flow between distant populations are more likely the result of humanmediated dispersal, linked to the movement of fresh produce within South Africa. This high level of gene flow has important implications for pest management practices, as my results suggests that area-wide pest management should be undertaken at a regional scale, rather than on a farm or valley scale. My results are placed within a management framework, and I argue for more stringent control when fruit are transported within South Africa. Of particular interest for future studies is the investigation of gene flow at broader spatial scales (i.e. the whole of South Africa) and a comparison of the genetic diversity, population differentiation and gene flow patterns of C. capitata with that of Ceratitis rosa will be important to establish a successful pest management strategy in South Africa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Mediterreense vrugtevlieg (medvlieg), Ceratitis capitata, is ‘n indringerspesie wêreldwyd en word beskou as een van die mees suksesvolle ekonomiese en landbou peste. Die medvlieg het ‘n Afrotropiese oorsprong, maar die toename in wêreldwye handel en reis, gekombineer met die biologie van die medvlieg het gelei tot die verspreiding van die spesie na ‘n groot aantal bestemmings regoor die wêreld. Die Wes-Kaap provinsie van Suid-Afrika implementeer tans verskeie strategieë om medvlieg bevolkings te beheer. Hierdie strategieë sluit in die gebruik van plaagdoders sowel as meer omgewingsvriendelike tegnieke soos die Steriele Insektegniek (SIT). Om ‘n effektiewe SIT program te implementeer vereis basiese kennis ten opsigte van die genetiese struktuur van die bevolking sowel as van die beweging van individue tussen verskillende pesvoorkomsgebiede. Die identifisering van areas van waar herkolonisering mees waarskynlik kan plaasvind en kennis in verband met die primêre roetes waardeur pes spesies hervestig, is van kritiese belang om ‘n suksesvolle SIT program te verseker. Medvlieg individue is op twee verskillende ruimtelike skale (streeks- en plaaslike-skaal) versamel om die nodige inligting aan SIT en area-wye pes beheer programme in Suid-Afrika te verskaf. Streeks-skaal individue is by 13 lokaliteite regoor die Wes-Kaap versamel en plaaslike-skaal individue by 13 lokaliteite in die Ceres-vallei. Alle versamelde individue is vir 11 polimorfiese mikrosatelliet merkers gegenotipeer en DNS volgordebepaling van geselekteerde individue vanuit die streek-skaal is gedoen vir die mitochondriale geen COI. My resultate toon dat bevolkings op beide skale gekarakteriseer word deur hoë vlakke van genetiese diversiteit (HEstreeks = 0.805; HEplaaslik = 0.803) en geen of swak bevolkings differensiasie. Hierdie resultate dui daarop dat daar hoë vlakke van geenvloei tussen bevolkings is. Hierdie bevindinge word verder ondersteun deur metodes gebaseer op die statistiese eienskappe van die genealogiese verhouding tussen allele onder sekere mutasie en demografiese modelle, wat voldoende vlakke van geenvloei aandui tussen nabye (200m) sowel as verafgeleë (350km) bevolkings om bevolkings differensiasie te verhoed. Natuurlike beweging in C. capitata is egter selde meer as 10 km, sodanig kan die hoë vlakke van geenvloei toegeskryf word aan die verspreiding van individue met menslike hulp, spesifiek in die vervoer van varsprodukte in Suid-Afrika. Hierdie hoë vlak van geenvloei het verreikende implikasies vir pes beheer praktyke, omdat my resultate voorstel dat area-wye pes beheer onderneem moet word op ‘n streeks-skaal eerder as op ‘n plaas-tot-plaas of vallei wye area. Ek plaas my resultate in ‘n bestuursraamwerk, waarin ek streng beheer van vrugtevervoer in Suid-Afrika beklemtoon. Verdere navorsing moet fokus op die ondersoek van geenvloei op ‘n landswye skaal (hele Suid-Afrika) in C. capitata, sowel as die vergelyking van die genetiese diversiteit, bevolkings differensiasie en geenvloei patrone van C. capitata met die van Ceratitis rosa om ‘n suksesvolle pes beheer strategie vir Suid-Afrika te formuleer.

Thesis (MSc (Conservation Ecology and Entomology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / Please refer to full text to view abstract.

No description available.

Aedes aegypti é o principal vetor envolvido na cadeia de transmissão de arboviroses como dengue, chikungunya, zika e febre amarela. Diante dos desafios para diminuir o nível de infestação do vetor e do recente aumento do número de casos e agravos dessas doenças, torna-se indispensável aderir a novas estratégias para complementar o controle vetorial. O controle autocida é uma estratégia que induz um controle de natalidade sobre a população do inseto e que tem a criação em massa como etapa fundamental. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi aprimorar o protocolo de criação em massa, manipulação e transporte de adultos de Aedes aegypti para aplicação em biofábricas. Foram avaliados dados de 59 lotes de produção em massa da linhagem bissexual MBR-001 (Juazeiro, Bahia) e alguns dos seus parâmetros produtivos. A análise da MBR-001, mostrou baixo rendimento na produtividade de machos (<span style=\"text-decoration:overline; font-style: italic;\">X =18&#37;), com reduzida produção de ovos (24,5 ovos/fêmea), em comparação com outra linhagem da mesma espécie. Com relação aos seus parâmetros produtivos, a manutenção de adultos em diferentes proporções sexuais nas gaiolas não afetou a produção de ovos viáveis (<span style=\"text-decoration:overline; font-style: italic;\">X = 60&#37;). A MBR-001 apresentou também um baixo rendimento, revelando que ajustes no protocolo de criação são necessários. Tais adaptações são cruciais para reduzir a demanda de espaço físico e o custo da produção. Atrelado a isso, foram desenvolvidas gaiolas de criação em massa, e determinadas densidades de adultos (DRS: cm2/mosquito) para otimizar a produção de ovos viáveis. Os testes realizados com a linhagem Rockefeller revelaram melhor desempenho produtivo em DRS de 1.7 e 1.4 (cm2/mosquito). No que diz respeito à criação larval, foi verificada que não há ocorrência de protrandria em fase larvária logo após eclosão, e ainda, foram desenvolvidas seis dietas com insumos nacionais de baixo custo, uma delas apresentou maior rendimento acumulado de machos (<span style=\"text-decoration:overline; font-style: italic;\">X = 45&#37;) em relação à dieta controle (<span style=\"text-decoration:overline; font-style: italic;\">X = 37&#37;). Além disso, uma ampla faixa de densidades larvais foi testada para determinar as condições ótimas de criação, sendo evidenciado que densidades entre 1.0 e 2.5 larvas/mL são adequadas para a produção em massa. Esses resultados contribuem para o aprimoramento das condições ideais de produção de machos estéreis de qualidade, com uma melhor relação custo-benefício. Por fim, foram determinadas as condições iniciais para o transporte de adultos entre biofábrica e áreas-alvo de liberação de insetos estéreis. A imobilização de Ae. aegypti à 2-5&#176;C (45 minutos) com subsequente transporte em baixas temperaturas (4-7&#176;C) por até seis horas, não afetou a sobrevivência e habilidade de voo do mosquito. De forma geral, o presente trabalho forneceu informações, produtos e condições que contribuíram para o desenvolvimento de um protocolo padronizado e para o aprimoramento da criação em massa de Ae. aegypti, visando a produção de insetos de qualidade e a redução dos custos operacionais em estratégias de controle autocida. / Aedes aegypti is the main vector involved in the transmission chain of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, zika and yellow fever. Faced with the challenges to reduce the level of vector infestation and the recent increase in the number of cases and diseases, it is essential to adhere to new strategies to complement vector control. Self-control is a strategy that induces a birth control over the insect population and that has mass creation as a fundamental step. Thus, the objective of this study was to improve the mass rearing protocol, handling and transport of adults of Ae. aegypti for application in facilities. Data from 59 mass production batches of the bisexual strain MBR-001 and some of its productive parameters were evaluated. he analysis of MBR-001 showed low yield in males (<span style=\"text-decoration:overline; font-style: italic;\">X = 18&#37;), with reduced egg production (24.5 eggs/female), compared to another line of the same species. Regarding their productive parameters, the maintenance of adults in different sex ratios in the cages did not affect viable egg production (<span style=\"text-decoration:overline; font-style: italic;\">X = 60&#37;). MBR-001 also showed low performance, revealing that settings in the breeding protocol are required. Such adaptations are crucial to reduce the demand for physical space and the cost of production. Linked to this, mass - rearing cages and certain adult densities (DRS: cm2 / mosquito) were developed to optimize viable egg production. Tests performed with the Rockefeller line showed better productive performance in DRS of 1.7 and 1.4 (cm2 / mosquito). Regarding larval breeding, it was verified that there is no occurrence of protrandria in the larval stage shortly after hatching, and six diets with low cost national inputs were developed, one of them presented higher accumulated males yield (<span style=\"text-decoration:overline; font-style: italic;\">X = 45&#37;) in relation to the control diet (<span style=\"text-decoration:overline; font-style: italic;\">X = 37&#37;). In addition, a wide range of larval densities was tested to determine the optimum breeding conditions, showing that densities between 1.0 and 2.5 larvae/mL are adequate for mass production. These results contribute to the improvement of the ideal conditions of production of quality sterile males, with a better cost-benefit ratio. Finally, initial conditions were determined for the transport of adults between biofacility and target areas of sterile insect release. The immobilization of Ae. aegypti at 2-5&#176;C (45 minutes) with subsequent transport at low temperatures (4-7&#176; C) for up to six hours did not affect the survival and flight ability of the mosquito. In general, the present work provided information, products and conditions that contributed to the development of a standardized protocol and to the enhancement of Ae. aegypti, aiming the production of quality insects and the reduction of operational costs in self-control strategies.

A dengue é atualmente uma das doenças tropicais com maior rapidez de propagação e de grande alcance mundial (OMS, 2013). No Brasil, o governo federal, bem como os estados e os municípios gastam montantes significativos em sua prevenção e controle. O presente trabalho analisa aspectos econômicos e sociais da implementação de uma nova técnica de combate ao mosquito Aedes aegypti, a TIE, vis-à-vis os métodos convencionais. Essa técnica é avaliada com base no estudo de caso da Biofábrica Moscamed, responsável pelo desenvolvimento da mesma no Brasil. A TIE consiste na esterilização dos insetos e posterior soltura no ambiente, com a finalidade de diminuir a população de insetos selvagens, estes vetores do vírus da dengue. Dois cenários são analisados: cenário atual de medidas de prevenção e controle adotadas pelas prefeituras e o cenário de adoção da TIE, em substituição aos métodos atuais. São tomados como estudos de caso a aplicação da TIE em Jacobina e Juazeiro, na Bahia, cujos dados foram extrapolados para uma simulação também para o município de Piracicaba, em São Paulo. Calcula-se o VPL para o cenário da TIE, considerando um horizonte temporal de quatro anos e a discussão é conduzida no escopo simplificado de uma Análise de Impacto Regulatório (AIR). Foram analisados ainda os gastos das prefeituras para o controle da dengue e de seu vetor, com base no ano de 2013. Realizou-se uma análise dos aspectos sociais e econômicos concernentes à dengue, que apontou como impactos relevantes as mortes, o afastamento dos doentes de suas atividades e o alto número de notificações mesmo após aplicação dos métodos de controle vigentes. Por se tratar de uma questão de saúde pública a análise tem foco majoritariamente social, uma vez que para se implementar projetos com benefícios sociais a intervenção e os investimentos públicos são de fundamental importância, suplantando a visão econômica de viabilidade do projeto. A mensuração dos benefícios da TIE foi limitada pelo curto período em que os experimentos de campo estão sendo aplicados, não havendo ainda resultados publicados sobre sua eficácia. Do mesmo modo, não se tem dados que permitam calcular os benefícios dos atuais métodos de controle do vetor e da doença. Assim, não foi possível conduzir uma comparação de eficácia e uma estimativa da possibilidade de associação entre os métodos tradicionais e a TIE. Em suma, mediante análise fundamentada em um roteiro de referência proposto para análise de impacto regulatório conclui-se que projetos com avaliação positiva do ponto de vista social, mesmo com indicadores econômicos negativos, são geralmente financiados pela esfera pública e, no caso aqui analisado da dengue, devem buscar melhorar os resultados dos atuais programas que não têm sido capazes de evitar os prejuízos sociais e econômicos dessa doença no Brasil. / Dengue has been one of the most important tropical diseases that has showed a fast and worldwide propagation according to the WHO (2013). In Brazil, the federal government as well as states and municipalities are spending significant amounts of resources of all kinds on its prevention and control. Yet it seems worthless. This paper examines the economic feasibility of implementing a new technique to fight the mosquito Aedes aegypti, the TIE (Técnica do Inseto Estéril-Sterile Insect Technique), vis-à-vis the conventional methods employed. The TIE is evaluated through the case study of the Moscamed, a biofirm which is responsible for its development and propagation in Brazil. The TIE consists on the sterilization of insects and their release into the environment, aiming to reducing the population of susceptible wild insects, which can transmit the virus of dengue among population. Two scenarios are analyzed: 1) the current scenario of prevention and control adopted by municipalities, and 2) the scenario that describes the adoption of the TIE, replacing the current methods. The cities of Jacobina and Juazeiro in Bahia are used as case\'s study, and whose data were extrapolated for a simulation also for the city of Piracicaba, located in the state of São Paulo. The Net Present Value (NPV) is calculated for the scenario of TIE, considering a four years\' timeline, and additionally a discussion is conducted in the scope of a simplified Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA). It was also analyzed the spending of municipalities for the control of dengue and its vector, based on the year of 2013. It was conducted an analysis of the social and economic aspects related to dengue, which identified as relevant impacts: deaths, absence of patients of their labor activities and the high number of notifications even after implementation of the existing control methods. Because it is a public health problem, this analysis had mostly a social focus. It is well known that to implement projects with social benefits, the government intervention and public investment are of fundamental importance, despite the economic view of the project feasibility. The measurement of the benefits from the TIE was limited by the short period in where the field experiments were taken place. In fact, there are no enough published results about its effectiveness. Similarly, there is no data allowing calculation of the benefits of the current vector control and disease. Thus, it was not possible to conduct a comparison of efficiency and an estimation of a possible association between traditional methods and TIE. In summary, this analysis, based on a proposed reference roadmap for Regulatory Impact Analysis, concludes that projects with positive assessment from a social point of view, even if they have negative economic indicators, are usually funded by the public sphere. In the specific dengue case, the government should seek to improve the results of current programs that have not been able to avoid the social and economic losses of this disease in Brazil.

Tanto as técnicas de controle biológico quanto a Técnica do inseto estéril (TIE), são utilizadas em vários países para o controle, supressão e até mesmo erradicação de moscas-das-frutas e outras pragas da agricultura, pecuária e saúde publica. O uso de tais técnicas minimiza o emprego contínuo de inseticidas, protege o ambiente e se adequa aos padrões de segurança alimentar. No entanto, é necessário para a implementação de tais programas, tecnologia para produzir milhões de parasitóides e a própria praga em laboratório com qualidade biológica similar aos insetos encontrados na natureza e com custo competitivo com o controle químico. Os objetivos deste trabalho foi estabelecer protocolos para criação artificial de A. sp. 1 aff. fraterculus em dieta larval líquida que permita atingir níveis de criação massal, para uma possível diminuição no custo da criação e determinar a dose de radiação esterilizante para adultos de A. sp. 1 aff. fraterculus atendendo os parâmetros de qualidade exigidos pela Técnica do Inseto Estéril com insetos provenientes da criação do Laboratório de Radioentomologia do CENA/USP. Foram testadas sete dietas em relação à dieta convencional utilizada no laboratório de Radioentomologia do CENA/USP, que foi usada como controle. Todas as sete dietas tiveram em comum a exclusão do ágar na sua formulação. Somente duas das dietas testadas foram adequadas para o desenvolvimento larval da mosca, estas quando comparadas com a dieta padrão, apresentaram resultados inferiores com relação ao volume de larvas recuperadas, emergência e o peso das pupas, porém, não apresentaram diferenças significativas quanto aos períodos de desenvolvimento, recuperação pupal, razão sexual e longevidade sob estresse. Concluí-se que é possível a substituição da dieta com ágar por dietas líquidas para criação artificial de A. sp.1 aff. fraterculus, de custo reduzido e com maior praticidade de manejo,porém devidos aos seus parâmetros de qualidade inferiores aos da dieta padrão, são necessários maiores testes principalmente quanto à adaptabilidade do inseto ao novo meio. Para determinar a dose esterilizante o presente trabalho analisou a fertilidade, fecundidade, emergência, habilidade de vôo e longevidade sob estresse de A. fraterculus irradiadas com doses de 40, 50, 60, 70 e 80 Gy. A fonte de radiação gama foi um irradiador de Co-60 (Gammabeam-650) localizado no mesmo laboratório. Os testes foram realizados sob as seguintes condições ambientais: 26 ± 1 ° C, 70 ± 5% RH, e fotofase de 12:12. A dose de r adiação gama esterilizante para machos de A. sp. 1 aff. fraterculus foi determinada sendo 70 Gy. Fêmeas irradiadas, mesmo com a dose mais baixa de 40 Gy, não ovipositaram, possivelmente pela atrofia dos ovários causada pela radiação. A radiação não afetou os demais parâmetros de qualidade do inseto como emergência, longevidade e habilidade de vôo / Both the biological control techniques as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), are used in many countries to control, suppress and even eradicate fruit flies and other pests in agriculture and public health. The use of such techniques minimizes the continuous employment of insecticides, protects the environment and conforms to standards for food safety. However, it is necessary to implement such programs, technology to produce millions of parasitoids and the pest in its own laboratory with biological quality similar to the insects found in nature and cost competitive with chemical control. The objectives of this study was to establish protocols for artificial rearing of A. sp. 1 aff. fraterculus in liquid larval diet that will achieve levels of mass production for a possible reduction in the cost of establishing and determining the dose of radiation sterilization of adult A. sp. 1 aff. fraterculus meeting the quality parameters required by the Sterile Insect Technique with insects from the creation of Radioentomologia Laboratory of CENA / USP. Seven experimental diets compared to the conventional diet used in laboratory Radioentomologia of CENA / USP, which was used as control. All seven diets have in common the exclusion of agar in its formulation. Only two of the diets tested were suitable for larval development of the fly, they compared with the standard diet, showed inferior results with respect to the volume of recovered larvae, pupae and weight of emergency, however, no significant differences regarding the periods of development , pupal recovery, sex ratio and longevity under stress. It is possible to replace the diet with agar for liquid diets for artificial creation of A. sp.1 aff. fraterculus, reduced cost and greater convenience of handling, but due to their quality standards lower than the standard diet, more tests are needed especially regarding the adaptability of the insect to the new environment. To determine the sterilizing dose this study examined the fertility, fecundity, emergence, flight ability and longevity under stress in A. fraterculus irradiated with 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 Gy. The radiation source was a gamma irradiator with a Co-60 (Gammabeam-650) located in the same laboratory. The tests were performed under the following environmental conditions: 26 ± 1 ° C, 70 ± 5% RH and photoperiod of 12:12. The dose of gamma radiation sterilization for male A. sp. 1 aff. fraterculus was determined with 70 Gy. Irradiates females, even with the lower dose of 40 Gy, layed no eggs, possibly due to atrophy of the ovaries caused by radiation. The radiation did not affect the other quality parameters such as insect emergence, longevity and ability to fly