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The dissertation analyses the topic and problems of selection and management of investment portfolio in terms of market dynamics. The global financial crisis has revealed that investments bear not only return possibilities but also a relatively high risk of loss. The main aim of the Thesis is to propose and test empirically investment portfolio selection and management solutions matching the tendencies of modern markets for the investors with different investing preferences. The Doctoral Thesis consists of the introduction, three body chapters and conclusions. The introduction presents the scientific problem, its relevance, the object of the research, the aim and tasks of the research, methods of research, scientific novelty of the Thesis, practical significance of its results and defended statements. The first chapter provides analysis of possibilities for a widely diversified investment portfolio selection. The study of proposals of scientists on different assets combining into an investment portfolio is carried out. Portfolio of exchange traded funds is created and its efficiency is evaluated. The method for actually incurred risk evaluation is suggested. Solutions for active investment portfolio management with financial leverage are specified in the second chapter. The changes of efficient set of portfolios and expediency of active portfolio management with financial leverage are evaluated. Forecasts integration method, based on prediction accuracy in the past, is... [to full text] / Disertacijoje nagrinėjama investicijų portfelio sudarymo ir valdymo rinkų dinamikos sąlygomis problematika. Globali finansų krizė parodė, kad investuojant atsiranda ne tik uždarbio galimybės, bet ir gana didelė praradimų rizika. Pagrindinis disertacijos tikslas – pasiūlyti ir empiriškai aprobuoti šiuolaikinių rinkų dinamikos iššūkius atitinkančius investicijų portfelio sudarymo ir valdymo sprendimus skirtingus investavimo polinkius turintiems investuotojams. Daktaro disertaciją sudaro įvadas, trys skyriai ir bendrosios išvados. Įvade suformuluojama mokslinė darbo problema, pagrindžiamas jos aktualumas, įvardijamas tyrimo objektas, darbo tikslas ir uždaviniai, pristatoma tyrimo metodika, darbo mokslinis naujumas ir gautų rezultatų praktinė reikšmė, įvardijami ginamieji teiginiai. Pirmajame skyriuje nagrinėjamos plačiai diversifikuoto investicijų portfelio sudarymo galimybės. Įvertinami mokslininkų pasiūlymai dėl skirtingų aktyvų (investicinio turto klasių) įtraukimo į investicijų portfelį, sudarytas biržoje prekiaujamų fondų portfelis ir įvertintas jo efektyvumas. Pasiūlytas investuotojo realiai patirtos rizikos vertinimo metodas. Antrajame skyriuje detalizuoti aktyvaus investicijų portfelio valdymo taikant finansinį svertą sprendimai. Įvertinti efektyviosios portfelių ribos pokyčiai bei aktyvaus portfelio valdymo taikant finansinį svertą tikslingumas. Pasiūlytas prognozavimo tikslumu praeityje paremtas prognozių integravimo metodas ir įvertintas jo efektyvumas integruojant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Bakgrund: Både aktieinvesteringar samt fastighetsinvesteringar har blivit populära investeringsalternativ hos den svenska befolkningen. Låga bostadsräntor och nya förmånliga aktiesparformer har bidragit till ett gynnsamt investeringsklimat på både fastighetsmarknaden och aktiemarknaden. Trots osäkerheter relaterade till utbrottet av coronapandemin nådde båda marknader rekordhöga prisnivåer under 2020 och förväntningarna på marknaderna har varit fortsatt höga. Eftersom det saknas tidigare studier på den svenska marknaden kring vilken investering som faktiskt har varit den mest lönsamma samt hur korrelationen ser ut mellan tillgångarna är detta av intresse att studera. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att jämföra den riskjusterade avkastningen mellan en aktieinvestering och en bostadsrättsinvestering under olika tidsperioder samt studera korrelationen mellan dessa två tillgångar på lång sikt och under coronapandemin.  Metod: Studien har genomförts med en kvantitativ metod samt en deduktiv ansats. Månadsdata för aktieindexet OMXSPI samt prisdata för bostadsrätter på den svenska marknaden har inhämtats för tidsperioden 2011–2020. Den riskjusterade avkastningen och korrelationen har beräknats för att undersöka eventuella skillnader mellan de två tillgångsslagen. Slutligen har signifikanstester gjorts på resultatet och regressioner har genomförts för att analysera sambandet mellan volatilitet och avkastning. Slutsats: Resultatet visade inte på någon signifikant skillnad mellan de två tillgångsslagens avkastning. OMXSPI visade dock på en högre riskjusterad avkastning än bostadsrätter för alla de studerade tidsperioderna. På lång sikt var korrelationen mellan de två tillgångarna starkt positiv och det gick även att se en förstärkt korrelation under coronapandemin. / Background: Stock- and real estate investments are both investments that have become very popular in Sweden. Low mortgage interest rates and new affordable ways to invest in stock have created an investment friendly climate for both the real estate market and the stock market. Despite uncertainties related to the outbreak of the covid-pandemic, both the realestate market and the stock market reached record high levels in 2020 and the expectations on the market have been continuously high. There is a research gap on the Swedish market regarding which investment is the most profitable and how the two investments correlate witheach other, making it a relevant subject to study. Purpose: The purpose with this essay is to compare the risk-adjusted return between an investment in stock and an investment in real estate and study the long-term correlation between these two investments, and the correlation during the covid-pandemic. Methodology: The study was conducted through a quantitative method and a deductive approach. Monthly data for the stock index OMXSPI and real estate price data from the Swedish market were gathered for the time period 2011-2020. The risk-adjusted return and the correlation was calculated to study potential differences between the two investments. Finally, the results were statistically tested, and regressions were conducted to analyze the relationship between volatility and return. Conclusion: The result did not show any significant difference between the return of the two asset classes. However, OMXSPI did show a higher risk-adjusted return than the real estate index for all studied time periods. The correlation between the two asset classes was strongly positive in the long term and it was also possible to see an increased correlation during the covid-pandemic.

Ett aktieinnehav är en etablerad form av sparande som syftar till att ett sparkapital växer. Det finns många olika faktorer som är avgörande för hur en individ tänker när denne ska investera i aktier, vissa grundar sig i personlighet och vem individen är, medan andra i individens preferenser och omgivning. Det finns även ett antal metoder att tillgå vid aktieplacering. De kan exempelvis basera sig på matematiska formler för aktieplacering, analyser av företag eller aktiemarknaden. Faktorerna och metoderna är många, därmed kan frågan om en människa kan beakta alla påverkande faktorer och göra en kvalificerad gissning om vilken aktie som kommer ge störst avkastning ställas. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka om en människas aktiva val av sammansättningen av aktier kan påverka resultatet i en aktieportfölj. Studien mäter därför om det finns en skillnad i avkastningen mellan slumpmässigt sammansatta aktieportföljer och de sammansatta av personer med intresse i aktiesparande. Vidare undersöker studien hur Covid-19s utbrott påverkat avkastningen i de båda portföljslagen. Studien bygger på ett deduktivt angreppssätt och en kvantitativ forskningsmetod. Primärdatan består av enkätsvar från personer som är medlemmar i föreningar och grupper för aktieintresserade. Vidare utgörs den av aktieportföljer sammansatta med hjälp av Excels slumpgenerator. Studiens resultat visade att de aktivt sammansatta portföljerna fick bättre avkastning jämfört med de slumpmässigt sammansatta portföljerna på kort sikt, men inte på längre sikt. Under Covid-19 gick värdena på portföljerna kraftigt ner och sträckte sig över ett lägre spann än tidigare. Det betyder att innan krisen avvek värdet på portföljerna i genomsnitt mer från medelvärdet, men efter krisen låg de närmare det. / To hold stocks is an established form of savings, with the aims to grow the capital. There are many different factors that determine how an individual will act when investing in stocks. Some are based on personality, while others are based on the individual's preferences and immediate environment. There are a numbers of methods to apply when investing in stocks too, these can be based on mathematical formulas, extensive company or stock market analyses. Since the determinants regarding stock investments are many, the question is if a person can make qualified decision amongst them, to yield the greatest profit.The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether a person's choice regarding investments in stocks can affect the performance of a stock portfolio. Therefore this study measures whether there is a significant difference in the return between a randomly composed stock portfolio and one put together by a person with a personal interest in stocks. This paper also examines how Covid-19's outbreak affected the return between the two kinds of portfolios.This study is constructed with a deductive approach and with a quantitative research method. The primary data consists of a survey conducted by individuals who are members of groups with a shared interest in shareholding. Furthermore, the primary data is compiled of stock portfolios, composed by using Excel's random number function. The results indicate that the portfolios compiled by the surveyees gained greater returns compared to the randomly composed portfolios during a period of three months, during a year the differences in the portfolios are insignificant. On average, the both types of portfolios gained over 30 percent yield during the period 2019-01-15 to 2020-01-15. After the economic crisis that Covid-19 generated, the yield from the two different types of stock portfolios had a lower standard deviation, which means that all the stock portfolios had a yield closer to the average than before. This may origin from the overvaluation of the market or that economic crises generated a more efficient market.This paper is written in Swedish.

A rational long-horizon stock investment decision is a complex process due to uncertainty in supply and demand, competitive advantage, macroeconomic parameters and various perspectives of investors. Today, the '€˜non-tangible assets'€™ (NTA) that include goodwill and intangible assets are a significant part of corporate assets, but their role in stock performance has not well studied. The purpose of this research is to empirically analyze the implications of NTA and of gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States on the stock price. According to the efficient market hypothesis, stock price reflects all relevant information. The research question focused on the extent to which NTA and the GDP reflected in the stock price. To determine the extent to which NTA and GDP reflected on the stock price, regression analysis and other statistical tests were used. The sample for the empirical study was 56 corporations listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (NASDAQ). The required data from October 2007 to September 2018 were collected from the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the United States Bureau of Economics (BEA). The key findings of the study are: the NTA and stock price of 45 corporations have a statistically significant correlation as opposed to 11 corporations. The combined NTA of these 11 corporations for the third quarter of 2018 was $531.64 billion. Furthermore, the GDP and stock price of 53 corporations have a statistically significant correlation, but no evidence for three corporations was found. The significance for positive social change is knowledge from this research about the implications of NTA and GDP on stock performance that the investors, policymakers, and other stakeholders could use for preserving the limited resources and creating wealth.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:20:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 136776.pdf: 1359872 bytes, checksum: 41fdde01b9d823cdaaf0f0b1851b8f9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-25T00:00:00Z / This study examined empirically the ability to explain the stock return from a set of financial ratios used in valuation processes of traded companies in the BOVESPA. The financial ratios were selected considering criteria of information availability and calculation easiness. Thus, we used the available financial ratios of the Economática software, totalizing nine financial ratios derived from the financial statements accounts, and six market multiples derived from the combination of the financial statements accounts with the firm quotation or value. The results presented low correlations and low values for R 2 . However, financial ratios and their groups can be analyzed and classified according to the absolute information content (simple regressions) and the incremental information content (multiple regressions). The profitability ratios presented the best results for absolute information content and for incremental information content, primarily the ROA and the ROE, followed by the multiple of patrimony, Ppatrim. The capital structure ratio, Exi_Ati, comes in the 3 rd position of absolute information content and the earnings multiples, FVEbitda, FVLucro, Pebitda and Plucro, come in 4 th position. On the other hand, the incremental information content had the earning multiple, Plucro, in 3 rd position and the capital structure ratio in 4 th position. The financial cycle ratios, the sales multiple and the liquidity ratios come in 5 th , 6 th and 7 th positions for absolute information content and weren’t evaluated for the incremental information content due to their low performance. Summing up, the financial ratios and market multiples can and must be used to support the investment decision, but the investor must rely on other valuation methodologies as showed in this study. Obviously, the financial ratios always must be ranked according to their power to explain the stock return. / Este estudo examinou empiricamente a capacidade de explicar o retorno das ações a partir de um conjunto de indicadores utilizados em processos de avaliação de empresas negociadas na BOVESPA. Os indicadores foram selecionados considerando critérios de disponibilidade das informações e facilidade no cálculo. Desta forma, utilizaram-se indicadores disponibilizados pelo software da Economática, totalizando nove indicadores financeiros (derivados das contas dos demonstrativos financeiros), e seis múltiplos de mercado (derivados da combinação das contas dos demonstrativos financeiros com a cotação ou valor da firma). De modo geral, todos os resultados apresentaram baixas correlações e R2 reduzido. Porém, pode-se analisar os indicadores e seus grupos e classifica-los de acordo com seu conteúdo informacional absoluto (regressões simples) e de acordo com seu conteúdo informacional incremental (regressões múltiplas). Os indicadores de rentabilidade apresentaram os melhores resultados tanto para o conteúdo informacional absoluto quanto para o incremental, destacando- se o ROA e o ROE, seguidos pelo múltiplo de patrimônio, Ppatrim. Na 3a posição do conteúdo informacional absoluto, veio o indicador de estrutura de capital, Exi_Ati e na 4a, os múltiplos de lucro, FVEbitda, FVLucro, Pebitda e Plucro. De forma inversa, o conteúdo informacional incremental, teve o múltiplo de lucro, Plucro, na 3a posição e o indicador de estrutura de capital na 4a posição. Os indicadores de ciclo financeiro, o múltiplo de vendas e os indicadores de liquidez vieram na 5a, 6a e 7a posições para o conteúdo informacional absoluto e não foram avaliados para o conteúdo informacional incremental devido a sua baixa performance. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que os indicadores financeiros e múltiplos de mercados podem e devem ser usados como suporte à decisão de investir ou não em uma ação, mas, não como forma única de avaliação. Obviamente, devem ser priorizados sempre os indicadores que tem um maior poder em explicar o comportamento do retorno das ações.