As complicações de estoma e de pele periestoma comprometem a vida dos estomizados intestinais na realização do autocuidado e na sua reabilitação, e a demarcação de estoma pré-operatória tem sido considerada importante na prevenção destas. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever as complicações de estoma e de pele periestoma de estomizados intestinais demarcados e não demarcados, submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico no ano de 2009, em um hospital universitário de ensino público (CEP/EERP-USP 341.314). Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, de levantamento de 70 prontuários de pacientes demarcados e não demarcados, submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico com confecção de estomia intestinal, no ano de 2009. Do total de 70 (100%) analisados, verificamos que 37 (52,9%) pertenciam ao sexo feminino e 33 (47,1%) masculino. Houve predomínio de 31 (44,3%) sem comorbidades, diagnóstico oncológico 46 (65,8%), 54 (77,1%) nunca haviam sido submetidos às cirurgias intestinais prévias, 56 (80%) cirurgias eletivas e 40 (57,1%) registros de tratamentos adjuvantes. Em relação ao tipo de estoma predominou 46 (65,7%) colostomias e 31 (44,3%) estomas definitivos. Do total, 33 (47,1%) foram demarcados no pré-operatório e 37 (52,9%) não. Em relação às complicações de estoma, no G1 Demarcados identificamos 15 complicações, sendo a hérnia periestoma a mais frequente em quatro (12,1%) pacientes. No G2 Não demarcados obtivemos 32 complicações, sendo a dermatite a mais frequente seis (16,1%) pacientes. Entre os 70 prontuários, as complicações mais registradas foram a dermatite 9 (12,9%), a hérnia periestoma 8 (11,4%), mau funcionamento do estoma 5 (7,1%), prolapso 4 (5,7%), sangramento 4 (5,7%) e extravasamento 4 (5,7%). Diante disso, estudos prospectivos controlados sobre os fatores de risco e a influência da demarcação de estoma pré-operatória poderão contribuir para a prevenção destas complicações em estomizados intestinais / Complications of stoma and peristomal skin compromise the lives of individuals with intestinal ostomy in performing self-care and rehabilitation, and the preoperative stoma site-marking has been considered important in preventing these complications. This study aimed to describe the complications of the stoma and peristomal skin in individuals who had preoperative stoma site-marked and who had not preoperative stoma site-marked underwent surgery in 2009 in a university hospital (CEP/EERP-USP 341.314).This is a quantitative, the survey of 70 medical records of patients stoma site marked and stoma site unmarked, underwent surgical treatment with confection of an ostomy, in 2009. Out of 70 (100%) analyzed, we found that 37 (52.9%) were female and 33 male (47.1%). Predominated 31 (44.3%) without comorbidities, oncologic diagnosis was 46 (65.8%), 54 (77.1%) had never been submitted to intestinal surgeries, 56 was (80%) elective surgery and 40 (57,1%) registers of adjuvant treatments. Regarding the type of stoma 46 predominated (65.7%) colostomies and 31 (44.3%) permanent stomas. In general, 33 (47.1%) were marked preoperatively and 37 (52.9%) was not. Regarding complications of stoma, we had identified 15 complications in the G1 demarcated and peristomal hernia was the most common complication with four (12.1%) cases. We have got 32 complications in the G2 not marked and the most common complication was dermatitis with six cases (16.1%). Among the 70 records, the most common complications recorded were dermatitis 9 (12.9%), peristomal hernia 8 (11.4%), malfunction of the stoma 5 (7.1%), prolapse 4 (5.7%) bleeding 4 (5.7%) and leakage 4 (5.7%). Therefore, prospective controlled studies about the risk factors and the influence of preoperative stoma site-marking may contribute to prevention of these ostomy complications

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2015-12-03T15:28:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Ferreira da Silva.pdf: 872777 bytes, checksum: 4f2b77d8829ef12c68fb625f3098f96e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T15:28:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Ferreira da Silva.pdf: 872777 bytes, checksum: 4f2b77d8829ef12c68fb625f3098f96e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde / Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa sobre o autocuidado do paciente oncológico estomizado que tem como objetivos: analisar os requisitos de autocuidado do paciente oncológico estomizado, descrever a trajetória do paciente oncológico com o estoma intestinal e identificar os requisitos de autocuidado referidos por estes pacientes. A pesquisa foi realizada no ambulatório de estomaterapia de um Instituto de tratamento oncológico localizado na região central da cidade do Rio de Janeiro com treze pacientes oncológicos adultos com estoma intestinal de eliminação definitivo ou não, matriculados na instituição que estavam em acompanhamento ambulatorial. Para a coleta de dados foi realizada entrevista semiestruturada e, após análise de conteúdo temática, foram elaboradas as seguintes categorias: vivendo com o estoma intestinal; o desafio do autocuidado: da reflexão à ação e as expectativas e os sentimentos. Os resultados apontaram que o paciente oncológico vivencia uma trajetória marcada por surpresas, ansiedade, medo e falta de esperança, entretanto, durante o processo de adoecimento passa a refletir sobre sua vida buscando estratégias de enfrentamento e adaptação frente à doença e tratamento. A confecção de um estoma é uma etapa difícil do tratamento do câncer, pois os pacientes entendem o estoma intestinal como algo assustador que rompe com a normalidade do corpo, mesmo quando traz alívio das dores provocadas pela doença. O estoma intestinal provoca mudanças de ordem emocional, física, fisiológica e social no cotidiano desses pacientes, com repercussões na sua autonomia, independência e autoimagem que limitam sua convivência social. Os requisitos de autocuidado de maior importância referidos pelos sujeitos da pesquisa foram: provisão de cuidados associados com o processo de eliminação e os excrementos; manutenção do equilíbrio entre a solidão e a interação social e modificações do autoconceito e autoimagem, aceitando estar em determinado estado de saúde e necessitar de formas específicas de atendimento de saúde. Em contrapartida, constatou-se que passam a desenvolver habilidades para a limpeza do dispositivo coletor, mas não se sentem preparados para realizar a troca do dispositivo, necessitando da ajuda de um familiar ou amigo para essa atividade. Concluiu-se que frente às necessidades destes pacientes o enfermeiro precisa atuar implementando ações educativas que proporcionem suporte a esses pacientes, estimulando ainda um processo de conscientização junto com esses pacientes acerca do seu autocuidado e da necessidade de adotar estratégias frente aos desafios da vivência com o estoma, contribuindo assim para reduzir os riscos e agravos à sua saúde. Nesse sentido é necessário que o enfermeiro reflita sobre as necessidades e demandas desses pacientes visando promover um cuidado que contribua para sua recuperação, manutenção e adaptação a nova situação de saúde em uma relação dialógica em que conhecimentos e experiências sejam compartilhadas tendo como meta a melhoria da qualidade de vida desses pacientes. / It is a qualitative research on the self-care of ostomate oncologic patient that has as objectives: To analyze the self-care requirements of the ostomate oncologic patient, to describe the trajectory of the oncologic patient with intestinal stoma and to identify the self-care requirements referred by these patients. The research was done in the stoma therapy of an oncologic treatment Institute located in the central region of Rio de Janeiro city with thirteen adult oncologic patients with intestinal stoma of definitive or not elimination, enrolled in the institution and who were in ambulatory treatment. For data collection it was done a halfstructured interview and, then, after analysis thematic contents the following categories were created: living with intestinal stoma; the challenging of self-care: from reflection to action and the expectative and feelings. The results indicated that the oncologic patient experiences a trajectory marked by surprises, anxiety, fear and lack of hope, although during the process of sickening he/she reflects on his/her life looking for strategies to face and get adapted to the sickness and the treatment. The confection of a stoma is a very hard step in the cancer treatment, since the patients understand the intestinal stoma as something scaring that breaks the normality of the body, even when it brings relief of the pain provoked by the illness. The intestinal stoma provokes changes of emotional, physic, physiologic and social aspects in the quotidian of these patients with repercussions in their autonomy, independence and self-image that limit their social relations. The self-care requirements of the greatest importance referred by the subjects of the research have been: provision of care associated with elimination process and the excrements/ maintenance of the balance between solitude and the social interaction and modifications of the self-concept and self-image, accepting to be in determined state of health and to need of specific ways of health attending. On the other hand it was found that they develop abilities for cleaning the collecting device, but they are not prepared to make the change of the device, needing the help of a family member or a friend to do this activity. One concludes that before the needs of these patients the nurse needs to act implementing educative actions that provide support to these patients, still stimulating a process of consciousness-raising of these patients about their self-care and the need of adopting strategies before the challenges of living with the stoma, contributing this way to reduce the risks and damages to their health. In this sense it is necessary that the nurse reflects on the needs and demands of these patients with the aim of promoting a care that can contribute to their recovery, maintenance and adaptation to the new health situation in a dialogic relation in which knowledge and experiences are shared, having as aim the improvements of the life quality of these patients.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:54:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreiaMagelladaSilvaDuarteEsteves-dissertacao.pdf: 480009 bytes, checksum: 6d725edbfd0da5232a30389f24cb5223 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-09 / An intestinal stoma produces numerous changes in patients' lives, a fact that requires adaptation and can change their quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the quality of life of patients with intestinal stomas registered in the Ostomized Patient Program of Stoma of an outpatient service in a municipality in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. This is an epidemiological, descriptive, cross-sectional quantitative study that included 13 ostomized patients who were interviewed at home in July and August 2007. Two instruments were used to collect data: (1) characterization of participants and (2) the WHOQOL-Bref, for the "quality of life". For data collection, the interviewees signed an informed consent form, and the protocol was approved by the UNIFENAS Committee of Ethics in Research. The software SPSS version 10 was used for data analysis and the Chi-square and the Cronbach alpha tests were used for the crossing of variables. The results showed that most of the patients were 61 years or older, female, from urban areas, catholic, had elementary school; widow / separated / divorced, had 1 to 3 children and family income of 4 to 6 times the minimum wage. With respect to the physiological need for sleep, 61.5% of the population studied had insomnia, a situation that was aggravated after ostomy. Most of them reported 1 to 2 intestinal evacuations per day, with a pasty consistency. Their greatest difficulty was to adapt themselves to the stoma. When crossing gender and marital status with the difficulty of adapting to the bag and self-care, there was statistical significance. Most respondents did not return to sports, work, and sexual and social activities after ostomy, and showed increased feelings of loneliness, contempt, tearfulness and dependence. Their family was the main help. The most evident complications were bleeding and peristomal dermatitis. With regard to the rights of the ostomized, 84.6% reported having been informed by the physician and / or outpatient clinic and the main way of acquiring the collection equipment is through the SUS, free of charge. The measurements of the quality of life of this population were: mean score of overall QOL, 3.61; physical domain, 3.40; psychological domain, 3.43; social relationships domain, 3.46;and the environment domain, 3, 49. The higher average scores rated the quality of life as being above the "neither bad nor good." The WHOQOL-bref was effective to evaluate the QOL of patients with intestinal stomas, with internal consistency above 0.72. Finally, it is important that the ostomized patients be informed about their disease, and receive emotional support and rehabilitation care in order to be able to lead an active, productive and self-sufficient life. / Um estoma intestinal gera inúmeras alterações na vida dos pacientes, fato que requer adaptação e pode alterar sua qualidade de vida. Sendo assim, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade de vida dos portadores de estomias intestinais cadastrados no Programa de Estomizados de um serviço ambulatorial em um município do sul de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, transversal, quantitativo. Participaram do estudo 13 estomizados, que foram entrevistados em suas residências, nos meses de julho e agosto de 2007. Para a coleta dos dados utilizaram-se dois instrumentos: um, de caracterização dos participantes, e outro, referente à qualidade de vida , sendo usado o WHOQOL-Bref. A coleta de dados seguiu os preceitos éticos, onde os entrevistados assinaram um Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido e tiveram anuência do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UNIFENAS. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o software SPSS versão 10 e, no cruzamento das variáveis, aplicou-se o teste do qui-quadrado, além do Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos pacientes estudados tinha 61 anos ou mais, era do sexo feminino; procedente da zona urbana; da religião católica; tinha o primeiro grau incompleto; estava viúvo/desquitado/divorciado; tinha 1 a 3 filhos e renda familiar de 4 a 6 salários mínimos. Com relação à necessidade fisiológica de sono, 61,5% da população estudada demonstrou apresentar insônia, situação que foi agravada após a confecção do estoma. Quanto à freqüência e características das eliminações intestinais, a maioria referiu de 1 a 2 eliminações diárias, com consistência pastosa. A maior dificuldade de adaptação referida pelos estomizados foi com relação ao estoma. Ao cruzar as variáveis sexo e estado civil com a dificuldade de adaptação à bolsa e ao autocuidado, houve significância estatística. A maioria dos entrevistados não retornou às atividades esportivas, de trabalho, sexuais e sociais após a realização da estomia, onde se observou um aumento de sentimentos, como solidão, desprezo, choro fácil e dependência. A principal ajuda referida pela população estudada foi da família. As complicações mais evidenciadas foram sangramento e dermatite periestomal. Quanto aos direitos dos estomizados, 84,6% referiram ter sido informados pelo médico e/ou serviço ambulatorial e a principal forma de aquisição dos equipamentos coletores é a gratuita através do SUS. Quanto à qualidade de vida desta população, o escore médio da QV geral foi de 3,61; do domínio físico, 3,40; domínio psicológico, 3,43; domínio relações sociais, 3,46; e domínio meio ambiente, 3,49, evidenciando elevados escores médios, que classificam a qualidade de vida como sendo acima do nem ruim, nem boa . O WHOQOL-bref mostrou-se eficaz para avaliar a QV de pacientes com estomias intestinais, apresentando consistência interna superior a 0,72. Por fim, é importante que o estomizado seja informado acerca de sua doença, recebendo aporte emocional que lhe garanta suporte e reabilitação, sendo capaz de levar uma vida ativa, produtiva e autossuficiente.

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Alors que le traitement standard du cancer du rectum (traitement néoadjuvant avec chirurgie d’exérèse et stomie temporaire) n’épargne ni la psyché ni le corps, peu d’études se sont intéressées à l’ajustement psycho-social des patients qui y sont confrontés. Le corps est bien souvent perçu, à la suite des traitements, comme dérivant de la norme et générant un sentiment de honte. Ainsi le premier travail de cette thèse a été de valider un outil, en population française, permettant de mesurer la honte liée à l’image du corps. Dans un deuxième travail, nous avons pu comparer la honte liée à l’image du corps ainsi que la qualité de vie, l’image du corps, et la détresse psychologique des patients ayant reçu un traitement standard à ceux traités par excision locale (nouvelle approche proposée aux patients présentant une bonne réponse clinique aux traitements néoadjuvants). Le traitement standard entraînant des difficultés psycho-sociales plus marquées, nous avons évalué plus spécifiquement ses conséquences sur la détresse psychologique et l’image du corps dans un troisième travail. La période avec la stomie temporaire représente un temps spécifique durant lequel les patients semblent mettre leur vie entre parenthèses. Ainsi, dans un quatrième travail, nous avons investigué le rôle du temps comme un déterminant possible de la qualité de vie de ces sujets. Nos résultats ont montré qu’il conviendrait de considérer, dans le parcours de soin du patient, la façon dont celui-ci perçoit le temps, en vue de prévenir une altération de sa qualité de vie. Cette altération persiste plusieurs mois après la fin des traitements mais peu d’études s’y sont, à ce jour, intéressées. Ainsi, dans un cinquième travail, nous avons exploré la qualité de vie, deux ans après le diagnostic de cancer, chez des survivants du cancer du côlon-rectum traités par chirurgie avec ou sans stomie temporaire. Nous avons alors constaté que la qualité de vie physique était significativement plus altérée chez les patients qui ont eu une stomie. Face à ces difficultés, il convenait de proposer une intervention psycho-sociale répondant aux besoins émotionnels de ces patients. Peu d’interventions ont été développées en ce sens. Dans un sixième travail, nous avons développé et mis à l’épreuve une intervention psycho-sociale qui semble s’inscrire davantage dans une approche préventive. L’ensemble de ces travaux pourrait contribuer à améliorer l’accompagnement proposé à ces patients, même s’il est nécessaire de souligner l’importance de promouvoir la recherche dans ce domaine pour mieux comprendre encore les enjeux psycho-sociaux de ce traitement. / While the standard treatment for rectal cancer (neoadjuvant treatment with rectal excision) has spared neither the psyche nor the body, few studies have focused on psychosocial adjustment of patients who have received this treatment. Following treatment, the body is often perceived as deviating from the norm, generating feelings of shame. The first objective of this thesis was to adapt, and validate, for the French population, a body image shame scale. The second step consisted in comparing body image shame, quality of life, body image, and psychological distress between rectal cancer patients treated by surgery with temporary stoma or local excision (a new treatment approach proposed for patients with rectal cancer after a good clinical response to neoadjuvant therapy). Since standard treatment leads to more psychosocial problems, in a third study, we examined the effects of standard treatment on psychological distress and body image. The temporary stoma period represents a specific time during which patients seem to temporarily suspend their lives. Thus, the fourth study of this thesis investigated how the role of time perspective might act as a determinant of quality of life for rectal cancer patients. The time perspective construct provides keys in order to improve quality of life of rectal cancer patients. Quality of life alterations persist several months after the end of treatments but, to date, few studies have focused on this topic. The fifth goal was to assess colorectal cancer survivors’ quality of life two years after diagnosis of colorectal cancer according to their stoma status (reversed or never formed). Participants with a reversed stoma score lower on the physical quality of life scale than participants without stoma. Patients with rectal cancer experience psychosocial challenges. To deal with these challenges, psychosocial interventions focused on emotional needs of rectal cancer patients treated by standard treatment should be proposed. There is a lack of this type of intervention for this population. The sixth purpose was to develop and test a psychosocial intervention which seems to be more in line with a preventive approach. Taken together, these works may contribute to improve the support offered to these patients, even though the importance of promoting research to deal with the psychosocial challenges of this treatment must be underlined.

Bakgrund: Det finns många olika tillstånd som kan leda till att en person får en tarmstomi, och detta kan påverka en persons syn på den egna kroppen. En persons kroppsuppfattning är starkt kopplad till sexualiteten som är en viktig del i människors liv. Stomioperationer kan även ge fysiska skador som medför problem i opererade människors sexualliv. Patienter med stomi finns i alla vårdinriktningar, och det är därför viktigt för alla sjuksköterskor att kunna bemöta dem. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa hur patienter med enterostomi upplever sin sexualitet. Metod: Metoden var en litteraturöversikt där 15 vetenskapliga artiklar granskades, varav fem var kvalitativa, nio kvantitativa och en använde mixad metod. Artiklarna söktes fram genom kombinationer av olika sökord i databaserna CINAHL Complete och Pubmed med ett tidsspann på år 2008-2017. Resultat: I resultatet kunde fyra huvudteman och sex underteman identifieras. De huvudteman som hittades var En förändrad kropp, Fysisk sexuell funktion, Ett förändrat sexliv och Stöd från omgivningen. Resultatet visade på att många patienter upplever problem med sin sexualitet relaterat till stomin, både fysiska problem och hinder som följd av patientens egna tankar om sin stomi. Ett ökat behov av stöd och information kunde också identifieras hos patienterna, både från en eventuell partner, men även från sjukvårdens sida. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuteras med utgångspunkt i Parse's teori om humanbecoming. I diskussionen tas upp teman kring hur stöd och information från vården saknas av patienterna. Även bristen på forskning kring kvinnors sexuella upplevelser med stomi i jämförelse med den forskning som finns kring män diskuteras. / Background: There are many reasons as to why a person receives a bowel ostomy, and this can affect the person’s view of their own body. A person's perception of the body is strongly linked to sexuality that is an important part of people's lives. Stoma surgery can also cause physical damage that causes problems in the sex life of the operated person. Patients with stoma will appear in all care settings, and it is therefore important for all nurses to be able to treat them. Aim: The aim was to illustrate how patients with an ostomy experience their sexuality Method: The method was a literature review where 15 scientific articles were reviewed, five of which were qualitative, nine quantitative and one used mixed method. The articles were identified through combinations of different keywords in the databases CINAHL Complete and Pubmed with a time span of the years 2008-2017. Results: In the results four main themes and six sub themes could be identified. The main themes were A Changed Body, Physical Sexual Function, A Changed Sex Life and Support from the Surroundings. The results showed that many patients experience problems with their sexuality related to their stoma, both physical problems and obstacles as a result of the patient's own thoughts about one's stoma. An increased need for support and information was also identified by the patients, both from an eventual partner and from the healthcare. Discussion: The result is discussed based on Parse's theory of humanbecoming. The discussion addresses topics about the lack of support and information for patients from the healthcare. The lack of research into women's sexual experiences with a stoma in comparison to the research that exists around men is also discussed.

1 Abstract This thesis presents an analysis of fossil plants from the Cenomanian Peruc-Korycany Formation of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin and from the Bückeberg Formation of the Lower Saxony Basin in Germany. Based on earlier studies, both areas provide sediments that are considered to have developed in tidally influenced fluvial systems. Studied fossil plants are represented by ginkgoalean plant leaves (Ertemophyllum, Tritaenia), branches of conifers (Frenelopsis) and lauroid angiosperms (Eucalyptolaurus). Frenelopsis, Eretmophyllum and Tritaenia are considered to be halophytic plants, while Lauroid angiosperms were considered to grow in fresh water conditions. The fossil plants were studied using cuticle analysis and two methods of stable carbon isotope analysis: Bulk carbon isotope analysis and Compound Specific Isotope analysis. For cuticle analysis samples were observed and documented macroscopically and microscopically. To specify the environmental conditions, recent samples from three salt marshes in Great Britain were studied and analysed using the same methods as the fossil samples. The data from all observations and measurements were processed and their interpretation supported the modelled environment based on the sedimentological data. Frenelopsis were growing in a haline environment with low...