Akut insjuknande patienter söker vård via akutmottagningen där bedömning av patientens hälsotillstånd sker vilket benämns som triagering. Akutmottagningens miljö utmärks av ett hektiskt arbetstempo som kan upplevas främmande och skrämmande för den inkomna patienten. Den stressiga miljön kan påverka det fysiska, psykiska och emotionella välmåendet och trigga stresspåslaget hos patienterna. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka patientens upplevelse av stressfaktorer på en akutmottagning. Metoden genomfördes som en litteraturstudie genom strukturerade sökningar efter vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserades och sammanställdes i ett resultat vilket skapade en ökad förståelse för problemområdet. Utifrån tio resultatartiklar genererades fyra teman som berörde stressfaktorer ur olika aspekter. De teman som uppkom var Miljöns påverkan, Psykisk påverkan, Väntetid och brist på information samt Sjuksköterskans påverkan. En betydande slutsats från resultatet är att sjuksköterske - patientrelationen är en viktig del i att förbättra patientens upplevelse och för att patienten ska känna förtroende, tillit samt solidaritet till sjuksköterskan. Lärdom från litteraturstudien kan utvinnas och sjuksköterskan kan erhålla bättre förutsättningar att bemöta patienten. / Acutely ill patients seek care through the emergency department, where assessment of the patient's health status occurs which is called triage. The environment of the emergency department is characterized by a hectic work pace that may feel foreign and frightening for the incoming patient. The stressful environment may influence the physical, mental and emotional well-being of the patient and trigger stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the patient's experience of stress factors at an emergency department. The method emerged as a literature study through structured searches for scientific articles, which were analyzed and compiled in a result that created a greater understanding of the problem. Based on the results of ten articles, four themes were generated which referred to stressors from different aspects. The themes that emerged was the environmental impact, psychological impact, waiting time and lack of information and the nurse impact. A significant conclusion from the result is that the nurse–patient relationship is an important part of improving the patient experience and make the patient feel confidence, trust and solidarity to the nurse. Knowledge from the literature study can be extracted which may improve the nurse’s encounter with the patient.

Microbiological monitoring of water is of primary importance for preservation of human health, particularly in an arid zone like the U.S. southwest. In this work, infrared spectroscopic methods were developed to identify and quantify microorganisms present in water and water-related environmental samples. Focus of the work was primarily on evaluating the impact of various sterilization methods on microorganism physiology as gauged by the non-invasive approach of infrared spectroscopy. This work demonstrates that FTIR techniques can be used to identify changes in the physiology of microorganisms and that for heat treatment, a correlation between spectral changes and the viability of microorganisms can be made.

The purpose of this study was to determine the stress factors which create the most difficulty for the superintendent; to determine which, if any, groups are most responsible for generating these stress factors? to determine if variables in the personal life of the individual superintendent are related to the amount of stress felt by him; and to suggest ways in which the amount of stress may be reduced. The population of this study was the school superintendents in Texas. The instrument used in this study was a two-part questionnaire consisting of thirty-five items designed to elicit perceptions of superintendents toward those situations that were most bothersome on their job.

Magister Educationis - MEd / The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of stress by teachers in the Metropole North, Circuit 6 of the Western Cape, South Africa, The study investigated factors causing teachers to experience stress as well as the levels or extent of their stress, to determine whether teacher stress due to learners, conditions of service, workload, resources for teaching and school-community relations could explain the variance in total stress experienced by teachers and to determine if there is no statistically significant difference in sources of stress based on the biographical variables (age, gender, marital status and tenure) amongst educators in primary schools.

The purpose of this review of literature was to explore and critically analyze relevant literature regarding stress factors and the consequences of stress in nursing students. Findings from this review of literature aimed to provide a better understanding of stress factors and the physical and psychological impact of stress on nursing students. Information was collected from the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE- EBSCOhost databases to explore what research has been conducted and to assess the current knowledge base. Analysis of the literature indicated that nursing students reported experiencing increased levels of stress during the academic year. Nursing students reported higher levels of stress in conjunction with elevated external stressors, including increased responsibilities and course requirements. Analysis of the findings suggested that factors related to stress in nursing students arose from clinical sources, academic sources, and personal sources. Further analysis indicated that experiencing elevated levels of stress had a negative impact on the student. Increased levels of stress, combined with poor coping mechanisms, may lead to poor academic performance and burn-out among nursing students. Future research may evaluate means to reduce stress levels and mitigate stress in nursing students through targeting specific causative factors. Findings from this review of literature aim to influence student management of stress.

Syfte: Studien syftar till att få fördjupad förståelse för hur stressfaktorer kan påverka individens innovativa beteende positivt. Metod: Studien tillämpar en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Totalt genomfördes elva intervjuer på Volvo Group Trucks Technology samt en intervju och ett kompletterande samtal med två tidigare anställda. Intervjusvaren har analyserats med tematisk analys Resultat & slutsats: Nio stressfaktorer identifierades vilka skapar stress; krav, tidspress, kontroll, support, roll, kultur, riskvilja, sociala medier och mål. Studien identifierade också fem påverkansfaktorer som kan påverka utvecklingen av positiv stress; personlighet, problemlösande, självledarskap, erfarenhet och motivation. Stressfaktorer i kombination med påverkansfaktorer kan bidra till positiv stress hos individen och leda till ökat innovativt beteende. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Studien efterfrågar mer kvalitativ forskning på stressfaktorer och innovativt beteende. Stress- och påverkansfaktorer som identifierades i studien bör undersökas vidare. Framtida studier bör även undersöka stressfaktorer i relation till innovationsbeteendets alla tre faser. Framtida studier bör också inkludera fler kvinnor och vidare forskning på hur organisationer kan organisera för innovation. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studiens främsta bidrag är Modell 2: Stressors Innovative Development, som visar hur stressfaktorer inverkar på innovativt beteende. Modellen ger stöd till ledare som önskar öka anställdas innovativa beteende, för att öka företagets konkurrenskraft. Modellen ger kunskap om vikten av de personliga förmågorna för att positiv stress ska utvecklas, och påverka det innovativa beteendet positivt. / Aim: This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of how stressors affect the individual innovative behavior positively. Method: The study applies a qualitative approach with semi structured interviews. In total, eleven interviews were conducted within Volvo Group Trucks Technology and one interview and a complementary conversation with two former employees were carried out. Interview responses have been analyzed with thematic analysis. Result & Conclusions: Nine stress creating stressors were identified; demands, time pressure, control, support, roll, culture, risk appetite, distraction and goals. The study also identified five individual capabilities, which are termed as influencing factors; personality, problem solving, personal responsibility, experience, motivation. The study finds that stress can lead to increased innovative behavior when stressors are combined with influence factors contributing to positive stress in the individual. Suggestions for future research: To further increase the understanding of stressors and innovative behavior, more qualitative research within this field is necessary. Stressors and influencing factors, being identified in this study, should be studied in more detail. Future research should aim to study innovative behavior and stress for all three phases of Innovative Behavior. Further studies within this field should also include more women and research on how organizations can organize for innovation. Contribution of the thesis: The study's main contribution is the Model 2: Stressors ID, which shows how stressors affect innovative behavior. The model provides support for leaders who wish to enhance employees' innovative behavior to increase the company's competitiveness. The model provides knowledge about the importance of personal capabilities in order for positive stress to evolve and influence the innovative behavior positively.

Student Number : 9604621R - MEd (Ed Psyc) research report - School of Education - Faculty of Humanities / The Adolescent Stress Identification Inventory (ASII) was developed specifically to identify stress in South African adolescents. It consists of structured questions in response to which the subject is required to rate a statement according to a given scale. The purpose of this research was to assess the usefulness of the ASII as a structured inventory for identifying stress in adolescent girls who attend a private high school in Johannesburg. The sample of adolescents used in this research comprised only of English speaking girls but with the added dimension of the different race groupings namely White, Black, Chinese, Indian and Coloured. This allowed the researcher to compare the stressors identified by Kruger (1992) with the comparative female age cohort selected in this sample and identify and compare the stressors amongst the different racial groups. Understanding what types of things adolescents find stressful in relation to their stage of development is important in helping the adolescent cope with their “daily hassles” and assists teachers, parents and psychologists in treating and preventing the symptoms of stress. Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development is used as a basis for understanding the complex interaction and integration of physical, psychological and social factors that characterize adolescence as a period of development. The findings from this research suggest that the stressors identified by grade 10 and grade 11 girls, can be viewed in terms of the factors associated with the ASII, namely societal demands, self-concept, future expectations, relations and positive experience. The ASII was able to identify stressors and detect the similarities and differences of the types of concerns that the adolescents from the different race groups perceived as stressful. It is recommended that the ASII is used in conjunction with a qualitative means of acquiring more information about the respondents stress experience.

The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to examine the stressors that Saudi students experience while studying in the United States and their impact on academic performance. The study found a considerable amount of stress as a consequence of cultural differences, lack of social integration, the academic environment, and inadequate orientation. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended several strategies for improving the experiences of Saudi students at American universities. These recommendations include better interactions between the staff/administrators and students, more social events for the Saudi students and their families, and more opportunities to interact with American fellows inside and outside the classroom. The researcher also recommends that colleges and universities improve the relevance of course and program assignments for the Saudi students as well as the administrative support, mentoring relationships, and orientation programs they provide to these students.

Bakgrund : Att arbeta som sjuksköterska ses idag som ett stressigt yrke där sjuksköterskor möter arbetsrelaterade stressfaktorer i det dagliga arbetet. Trots att arbetskraven har ökat ska sjuksköterskan kunna genomföra en god omvårdnad och ha kunskap inom flertal områden. Det är betydelsefullt att belysa vilka stressfaktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans arbete för att kunna ge en god och säker vård och för att minska stressen hos sjuksköterskor. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva arbetsrelaterade stress faktorer hos sjuksköterskor. Metod: En litteraturstudie har genomförts med hjälp av kvantitativa och kvalitativa artiklar, femton artiklar inkluderades. Resultat: Arbetsrelaterade stressfaktorer hos sjuksköterskor identifierades såsom hög arbetsbelastning, samarbetsproblem och konflikter samt emotionella stressfaktorer vilket påverkade sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsarbete negativt. Slutsats: Det är viktigt att belysa arbetsrelaterade stressfaktorer för att förebygga stress på arbetet och för att ge sjuksköterskor en bättre arbetsmiljö vilket i sin tur leder till patientsäker vård. / Background: Working as a nurse is a stressful job today, where nurses meet work-related stress factors in their daily work. Regardless of the fact that work requirements have increased, the nurse must be able to carry out good care and have knowledge in several areas. It is important to highlight which stress factors affect the nurse's work in order to provide good and safe care and to reduce the stress of nurses. Purpose: The purpose was to describe work-related stress factors in nurses. Method: A literature study was conducted using quantitative and qualitative articles, fifteen articles were included. Results: Work-related stress factors in nurses were identified as high workloads, collaborative problems and conflicts, and emotional stressors, which negatively affected the nurse's nursing work. Conclusion: It is important to highlight work-related stress factors to prevent stress at work and to give nurses a better working environment.

The study aimed at investigation the sources of stress that english instructors who work at the English Preparatory Schools of the Middle East Technical University and Ankara University experience and the strategies that they use to cope with stress related to their professions. Two scales which consist of a demographic inventory, two questionnaires and a semi structured interwiew were developed by the researces the first scale is &quot / stress factors and coping strategies questionnaire for english instructors&quot / the result of which was analyzed by SPSS under five headings. This data gathering instrument was implemented on 174 English Instructors working at four univesities in Ankara. Data gathered from 112 English Instructors in Ankara University and METU English Preparatory Schools represented the result of the main study. In analayzing the data, descriptive statistics as frequency, percent, average and standart deviation, and inferential statistics as ANOVA was used. The second scale of the current study is a semi structured interview. This scale was piloted with 6 instructors to check the reliability. Finally,was conducted with 6 instructors from two represent the participants of the main study. The result of the interviews were analyzed through content analysis. The result of the study revealed an inverse correlation between the stress level of english instructors and their effectivness in coping. The most stress causing factors were &quot / student attitudes&quot / and &quot / working overload&quot / while the most employed coping strategies were &quot / in class coping&quot / , &quot / planfulness&quot / , and &quot / self support&quot