Introdução: Como coordenadora de Curso de Enfermagem, vivenciei dois currículos com propostas pedagógicas diferentes levando a seguinte questão em consideração: o desempenho dos estudantes no campo de prática do currículo no modelo da compreensão é diferente dos estudantes do currículo disciplinar? Esta questão motivou a elaboração deste estudo que visa analisar o desempenho dos estudantes de ambos os grupos. Objetivos: Analisar o desempenho dos estudantes no estágio curricular supervisionado do projeto pedagógico baseado em Competências e dos estudantes do projeto pedagógico na perspectiva do Ensino Para Compreensão. Método: Estudo exploratório descritivo, documental, quantitativo que se utiliza de comparações entre os dois currículos e as categorias e subcategorias do instrumento de avaliação de estágio curricular supervisionado. O local da pesquisa foi uma universidade privada do município de São Paulo e os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram os documentos de avaliação de desempenho dos estudantes da disciplina em questão, perfazendo um total de 52 estudantes e 312 instrumentos de avaliação. Resultados e Discussão: Os estudantes são, na sua maioria, mulheres, entre 26 e 35 anos de idade, técnicos de enfermagem que trabalham no turno da tarde. A avaliação do desempenho dos estudantes do currículo A, não teve diferença em relação à média geral dos estudantes do currículo B. Os estudantes do currículo A mostraram melhor desempenho em relação ao B apenas na unidade de terapia intensiva. O estudante mais velho tem melhor desempenho que o mais novo. As mulheres têm desempenho melhor que os homens. Os estudantes que são técnicos de enfermagem têm desempenho melhor que os que são auxiliares de enfermagem e dos que não têm formação na área da saúde. O aluno que trabalha à tarde tem melhores notas na avaliação de desempenho do que aqueles que trabalham à noite e os que não trabalham. Os resultados apontam a necessidade de realizar pesquisas para desmitificar o estudante do turno vespertino, pois existem diversos estudos sobre o estudante e o trabalhador do turno noturno. Conclusão: A hipótese de que o desempenho dos estudantes do currículo modular baseado no marco conceitual do ensino para compreensão era melhor que dos estudantes do currículo por competência não se confirmou. Concluímos também que, como a maioria das variáveis eram as mesmas (campo de estágio, professores e os instrumentos) o currículo passou a ser uma variável de pouca expressão para o resultado final dos alunos. Novas pesquisas são sugeridas para uma melhor interpretação e análise da avaliação de desempenho dos estudantes durante o estágio supervisionado, pois acreditamos ser esse o ponto chave da formação do estudante de enfermagem no qual ele aprende fazendo. Consideramos também que esses dados contribuem para um adensamento da linha de pesquisa \"formação e gerenciamento de recursos humanos em enfermagem e em saúde\" uma vez que aponta a necessidade de melhor estruturação na avaliação de desempenho do estudante no estágio curricular supervisionado e principalmente um processo de capacitação dos professores para a execução dessa atividade. / Introduction: As the coordinator of a Nursing Course, I experienced two curricula with different pedagogical proposals taking the following question into consideration: Is the student\'s performance on the practice field in the curriculum model of understanding different from the student\'s performance on the disciplinary curriculum? This issue motivated the development of this study in order to analyze the performance of students in both groups. Objectives: To analyze the performance of students in the supervised traineeship of the pedagogical design based on skills and students of the pedagogical project \"Teaching For Understanding\". Method: A descriptive exploratory study which uses quantitative comparisons between the two curricula and the categories and subcategories of the assessment instrument of the supervised curricular internship. The search location was one private university in São Paulo and the instruments of data collection were documents for performance evaluation of the students of the discipline in question, making a total of 52 students and 312 assessment tools. Results and Discussion: The students are mostly women between 26 and 35 years old, nursing technicians who work in the afternoon. In the performance evaluation of the curriculum, the students had no difference compared with the overall average student of the curriculum B. The student\'s resume showed better performance compared to B only in the intensive care unit. The older student performs better than the younger one. Women perform better than men. Students who are nursing technicians have better performance than those who are nursing assistants and who have no working experience in healthcare. The student who works in the afternoon have better grades in performance evaluation than those who work at night and do not work. The results indicate the need to conduct research to demystify the student\'s afternoon shift, because there are many studies about the student and the worker who works at the night shift. Conclusion: The hypothesis that the performance of the students from the modular curriculum based on the conceptual framework for teaching for understanding was better than the students of the curriculum for skills was not confirmed. We also conclude that, as most of the variables were the same, (the training field, teachers and instruments) the curriculum was a variable of little importance for the students\' final outcome. Further research to better interpret and analyze the performance evaluation of students during supervised training is suggested, therefore, we believe this is the key point in the training of nursing students, where he learns doing. We also believe that these data contribute in order to intensify the research and training of human resources management in nursing and health research field, since it indicates the need of a better structure in the evaluation of student performance in relation to supervised traineeship and mostly a process of training teachers for the implementation of this activity

Dual coding theory implies that engaging multiple modalities (e.g., visual, auditory) in instruction enhances learning. Presenting information via 3D images and 3D animations appears to improve student performance but the results are inconsistent across multiple studies. The present study investigated the effect of the Sensavis visual learning tool, a 3D educational software, on performance in chemistry among students in a Swedish elementary school. Thirty-seven students from grades 7 and 9 received training involving a 3D animation on chemical bonds while nineteen students in grade 8 had traditional instruction. ANCOVA results controlling for age and average chemistry grade revealed a statistically significant difference in the posttest performance with the control group outperforming both experimental groups. These results indicate that the Sensavis tool did not have a positive effect on learning chemistry compared to traditional instruction. Interpretation of the results is presented in discussion. / Enligt “dual coding theory” hjälper det att kombinera flera sätt att inta information (t.ex. visuellt, verbalt) inom lärandet. Presentation av information genom 3D-bilder och 3D-animationer verkar förbättra prestation bland elever, men resultaten är inkonsekventa i flera studier. Denna studie undersökte effekten av ett visuellt verktyg från Sensavis, en  pedagogisk programvara med 3D-animationer, på prestation inom kemi bland elever i en svensk grundskola. Trettiosju elever från årskurs 7 och 9 använde en 3D-animering om kemisk bindning förutom föreläsningar, medan nitton elever i årskurs 8 fick traditionell undervisning. ANCOVA-resultat som kontrollerade för ålder och kemibetyg visade att kontrollgruppen presterade bättre än bägge experimentgrupperna. Dessa resultat tyder på att Sensavis-verktyget inte hade en positiv effekt på lärande i kemi jämfört med traditionell undervisning. Tolkningen av resultaten presenteras i diskussion.

The Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP) has replaced its predecessors, the National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) and the Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC) as the new sole accreditor for educator preparation in the United States. As the new accreditor, CAEP has established a new set of accreditation standards and cross-cutting themes by which it intends to measure educator preparation programs (EPPs) worthiness to received accredited status. These new standards and cross-cutting themes are untested and need to be researched in order to determine the degree to which they constitute valid and reliable measures of an EPP's potential to produce quality teachers. To evaluate one aspect of CAEP's new standards and cross-cutting themes (i.e., diversity), this study used hierarchical liner modeling to regress elementary candidates' student teaching performance assessment scores on school- and classroom-level diversity variables to evaluate the impact that being placed in a diverse field experience might have had on candidates' performance during student teaching. The analysis found that the levels of diversity in the student teaching placements had little to no impact on the elementary candidates' performance on diversity items on their teacher performance assessments completed by university supervisors and mentor teachers during student teaching. A confirmatory factor analysis also determined that the diversity related contextual factors of the schools used in the study could not be reduced to a single diversity score. Diversity is clearly a complex multidimensional construct comprised of a variety of interdependent yet distinct constructs. Developing competency in diversity and multiculturalism clearly requires more than simply being placed in a diverse student teaching placement. This does not discredit the practice of providing candidates a variety of field experiences; however the findings from this study call into question CAEP's assumptions regarding diversity and multicultural education embedded in its standards and cross-cutting themes.

Online education continues to evolve and grow dramatically at colleges and universities across the globe. Today’s society is comprised of people who are increasingly busy with work and family obligations and who are looking for more flexible and expedited avenues for higher education. Institutions seek to meet these new demands by offering online distance educational opportunities while increasing cash flow for their college. Unfortunately the pitfalls to this rush to meet online demand results in what some researchers assert are inadequate quality content and curriculum. Others indicate there are not significant differences in the outcomes from online learning compared with traditional face-to-face classes. Much of the research has been conducted on nonquantitative courses, quantitative courses with small sample sizes, or large sample sizes that are not controlled for quality of online content, delivery, or verification of learning. The purpose of this quasi-experimental ex-post-facto study was to compare student outcomes from two Principles of Accounting courses both delivered in two methods of instruction: traditional face-to-face (F2F) and an on-line asynchronous format. The online content for both courses was developed with assistance of academic technology professionals at the participating university. Student learning was measured as final course grade where all exams were administered by a testing center in a proctored environment. The sample size included 124 students from the online sections and 433 students from the traditional face-to-face sections. Eight research questions were examined using independent samples t-test for 6 of the analyses, ANOVA for 1 question, and multiple regression for predictors of mean final course grade. The results indicated students performed significantly better in the face-to-face classes than the online sections. Female students scored significantly higher than male students in both methods of instruction. ACT composite score, ACT math score, GPA, gender, and method of instruction all were significantly related to final course grade. Age was not a significant predictor of final course grade but in the online sections nontraditional students (age 25 and older) scored significantly higher than students under the age of 25.

No description available.

This study investigated the hypothesis that there is a relationship between teacher practices that focus on the provision of involvement, structure, and autonomy support and student engagement (Connell & Wellborn, 1991). The Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) (Pianta, R., Hamre, B., Haynes, N., Mintz, S., & La Paro, K., 2006) was used to assess practices of sixth, seventh, and eighth grade core teachers (N =17) in mathematics, English, science, and social studies in an economically-depressed, rural middle school setting. Student perceptions (N = 299) of relatedness, competence, and autonomy, and mathematics teachers' (N = 5) perceptions of student engagement were assessed using the Research Assessment Package for Schools (RAPS) (IRRE, 1998). While the findings revealed that there were significant relationships between teacher practices that center on involvement, structure, and autonomy support and student engagement, the effect sizes were found to be low. / Ph. D.

The discovery and dissemination of new knowledge are essential in food science. To advance our understanding of fruit chemistry, analytical methods were compared and applied. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites in fruits of particular importance in food science, as they contribute to the sensory attributes and health benefits of the products. Evaluation of common analytical methods for the quantification of polyphenols, including the Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C), Lowenthal permanganate (L-P), 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) and the bovine serum albumin (BSA) precipitation methods, was conducted using analytical method validation procedures. The F-C method was not specific to polyphenols, and the L-P method had the widest working range but lacked accuracy. The DMAC method was the most specific to flavanols, and the BSA method was not suitable for quantification of smaller flavanols. Quantitative performance of these four methods was evaluated using a broad range of fruit-derived samples. Variation in quantitative results obtained using these four methods was explained by differences in polyphenol and matrix composition of these samples and differences in operating principles of the methods. The reactivity of individual polyphenol compounds (catechin, epicatechin, PC B2, PC pentamer, chlorogenic acid, phloretin, and quercetin) to the polyphenol and flavanol quantification results using Prussian blue (P-B), F-C, DMAC and BSA precipitation methods were also assessed and determined to differ by up to thirteen-fold, depending on the assay. Furthermore, the contribution and interactions of polyphenol compounds (catechin, PC B2, and chlorogenic acid) and potentially interfering compounds likely to be found in fruit and fruit products (ascorbic acid, glucose, and SO2) to the quantitative results of these methods were evaluated using a full factorial design. Significant interactions among polyphenol compounds, and among the interfering compounds were found. The standardized coefficient (β) for all factors and interactions of polyphenol compounds varied from 0.347 to 129, and from near 0 to -46.8 for all factors and interactions of interfering compounds. Our findings indicate that the choice of standards, polyphenol and matrix composition of the sample may cause disparity among the quantitative results of these methods. Amino acids in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) juice not only influence the quality of fermented cider through fermentation kinetics but also impact the flavor of the cider through yeast metabolism. Due to recent advances in analytical instrumentation, amino acids profiles in apple juice were determined much faster and more accurately than by previously applied methods. Twenty amino acids were quantified by UPLC-PDA in juices from 13 apple cultivars grown in Virginia. The relative amino acid profile was significantly different among the apple juices evaluated. The total amino acid concentration ranged from 18 mg/L in Blacktwig juice to 57 mg/L in Enterprise juice. L-Asparagine, L-aspartic acid and L-glutamine are the principal amino acids observed in most apple juices. These results will inform future research on yeast metabolism and nitrogen management during cider fermentation. To better disseminate knowledge gained through research to the next generation of food scientists, the effectiveness of new instructional technology—a cellphone-based personal response system—in food science education was evaluated. Students' academic performance was improved by the incorporation of this technology into lectures, and its use was well perceived by the students (easy to use and positively impacted their learning). This finding contributes to the scholarship of teaching and learning in food science by providing useful insight into the potential for application of such tools with improved student engagement and learning outcomes. Advances in food chemistry research will enable the development of value-added food products, and the pedagogical advancement in food science education will better convey new and existing knowledge to students, who will apply this knowledge to promote a safe and nutritious food supply that enhances human health and increases the value of specialty crops. / Doctor of Philosophy / In food science, both the discovery and dissemination of new knowledge are essential. To advance our understanding in fruit chemistry, several analytical methods were compared and applied. Polyphenols are important bioactive compounds in fruits associated with health benefits, and they also contribute to the bitterness and astringency of the products such as chocolate and red wines. Systematic evaluation of common analytical methods used to quantify polyphenols was conducted. When different methods were used to evaluate a broad range of fruit-derived samples, different results were obtained for a given sample, depending on the method applied. This was explained by the difference in polyphenol composition of these samples. Furthermore, different individual polyphenol compounds contributed differently to quantitative results for these methods. Interactions among polyphenol compounds and interference from constituents of the juice samples other than polyphenols were also found. These findings demonstrate that when comparing fruit chemistry (polyphenol concentration) results obtained using the methods evaluated, it is necessary to consider the polyphenol composition as well as the sample matrix composition. This knowledge will improve our ability to interpret and compare existing data on polyphenol content in fruits, advancing the understanding the polyphenols and health and informing producers to improve their fruit products with optimized quality and sensory characters. Secondly, amino acids in apple juice influence the quality of fermented cider, through not only controlling the fermentation rate, but also impacting the flavor of the cider through yeast metabolism. Twenty amino acids were quantified in juices from 13 apple cultivars grown in Virginia with potential use in cider making using a recently developed method in analytical chemistry. The relative amino acid profile was significantly different among the apple juices evaluated. L-Asparagine, L-aspartic acid and L-glutamine are the principal amino acids observed in most apple juices. This knowledge will help with the development of fermentation strategies for production of ciders with targeted sensory attributes. To better disseminate new knowledge in food science to the next generation, the effectiveness of a new educational technology application—a cellphone-based personal response system (similar to clickers)—in food science education was evaluated. Using this application during lecture resulted in improved quiz grades, and students felt that it was easy to use and positively impacted their learning. This application has the potential to improve effectiveness of lectures in higher education classrooms. Advances in food chemistry research will enable development of value-added food products, and the pedagogical advancement in food science education will better convey new and existing knowledge to students, who will apply this knowledge to promote a safe and nutritious food supply that enhances human health and increases the value of specialty crops.

O atual cenário das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) privadas brasileiras, caracterizado por alta competitividade, pressupõe que o perfil do coordenador de curso, entendido neste processo como gestor universitário, deve ser adequado às novas demandas para a função. Este estudo buscou reconhecer se o conjunto de competências identificáveis nestes pode ser inerente ao exercício da função de coordenador de curso de IES privada, e, com vistas a garantir a visão sistêmica para atuação como gestor de curso, se estas competências estabelecem-se nos campos políticos, gerenciais, acadêmicos e institucionais, que contribuiriam para a sobrevivência deste curso no mercado. Foram pesquisados coordenadores de curso, cujas graduações alcançaram conceito máximo no ENADE (Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes). A metodologia utilizada consistiu na utilização de pesquisas bibliográfica e de campo. A pesquisa de campo considerou a aplicação de um protocolo de investigação proposto por Franco (2002), que busca identificar o coordenador ideal, precedido por instrumento confeccionado para identificar o perfil do coordenador, da IES e do curso. Foram realizados estudos com a finalidade de construir conhecimento contextualizado e relevante para contribuir, de forma crítica e responsável, para as políticas de capacitação e para a gestão de IES privadas brasileiras, com vistas à transformação do conhecimento em diferencial competitivo, e incentivar o processo de inovação e de transferência de conhecimento formalizado para a atividade da gestão acadêmica destas IES, auxiliando no desenvolvimento de uma cultura institucional condizente com o contexto da gestão do conhecimento. Foi refletida a singularidade desta função no atual processo de gestão acadêmica das IES privadas e as diferentes formas de investigar a fronteira acadêmico-administrativa nesta função. Os resultados deste estudo permitem uma análise crítica sobre a forma como os responsáveis pela coordenação de cursos privados de graduação vêm buscando atender às diversas demandas contemporâneas para a função. Embora as funções pesquisadas tenham sido consideradas de responsabilidade das coordenações de cursos pelos próprios coordenadores, uma vez que atingiram altos escores na maioria dos quesitos avaliados nas quatro funções pesquisadas, o que também expressaria alinhamento destes gestores às premissas de um coordenador-gestor, quando se compara os perfis destes profissionais às atividades por eles exercidas contemporaneamente, constata-se relativa incoerência. Mesmo reconhecendo-se que a construção de um coordenador ideal passe por toda esta gama de responsabilidades, o que nos remete a um perfil pronto e acabado, não foi possível reconhecer no profissional estudado, que experimenta resultados significativos nas avaliações tradicionais do ensino superior no curso que coordena, a expressão da essência de um profissional suficiente para esta função frente às atuais demandas. Reconhece-se a necessidade ainda contínua de manter a atitude de aprendiz deste coordenador, que busca a superação constante para alcançar a plenitude da liderança e gerência esperadas, e que possa dar atendimento às prováveis tendências e futuros direcionamentos do mercado do curso que atua. / The current scenario of private Brazilian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), characterized by its high competitive edge, assumes that the profile of the course coordinator, understood by this process as a university administrator, should be suitable to the new demands for such function. This study sought to recognize whether the set of identifiable skills in it can be inherent to the exercise of the course coordinators function at private HEIs, and in order to ensure a systemic vision to act as the course manager, if these skills are established in political, managerial, academic and institutional fields, which would contribute to the courses survival on the market. Course coordinators whose academic ranks reached maximal concept at ENADE (National Student Performance Examination) were surveyed. The methodology consisted in the use of both bibliographic research and fieldwork. The last one considered the adhibition of a research protocol proposed by Franco (2002), which seeks to identify the ideal coordinator, preceded by instrument made to identify a coordinator, a HEI and a course profile. Studies have been performed in order to build contextual and relevant knowledge to contribute critically and responsibly to the training policies and the management of Brazilian private institutions, with a view to transforming knowledge into competitive advantage, as well as encouraging the process of innovation and formalized knowledge transfer activity for the academic management of these HEIs, assisting in the development of a consistent institutional culture to the context of knowledge management. The uniqueness of this function in the current process of academic management of private HEIs and different ways to investigate the academic-administrative boundary have been reflected upon this function. The results of this study allow a critical analysis on how those responsible for coordinating private undergraduate courses have sought to meet the diverse contemporary demands for such function. Although the surveyed functions have been considered as a course coordination responsibility provided by the own coordinators, once achieved high scores on most variables evaluated in the four studied functions, which also would express an alignment of these managers to the premises of an manager-coordinator, when comparing these professional profiles to the activities performed contemporaneously by them, a relative incoherence appears. Even recognizing that the construction of an ideal coordinator go through all this range of responsibilities, which brings to a finished and ready profile, it could not be recognized in the professional study, experiencing significant results in traditional assessments of higher education in the course which they coordinate, the professional enough expression of the essence to forward this function to current demands. We recognize the unceasing need to further maintain this coordinators apprentice attitude, who constantly seeks to overcome in order to achieve the expected fullness of leadership and management, and who can give treatment to the likely future trends and directions of labor market from the respective courses.

O atual desenvolvimento tecnológico e o cenário nada favorável da qualidade de educação no Brasil fazem com que a educação escolar tenha que ser repensada. Na busca por novos desafios, a rede pública do Estado de São Paulo propõe a ampliação da jornada escolar como uma estratégia para uma formação mais completa do aluno, uma formação de qualidade. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar os efeitos da ampliação da jornada escolar sobre o rendimento dos alunos da 8ª série da rede pública estadual paulista. A idéia é avaliar o programa Escola de Tempo Integral, focando o seu impacto sobre a proficiência média das escolas, nas avaliações de português e matemática, e sobre as taxas de aprovação escolar. Para tanto, são aplicados métodos de pareamento (propensity score matching) e análises em painel dos dados do SARESP dos anos de 2007 e 2008, além de uma abordagem, a partir do método de diferenças em diferenças, dos dados do Censo Escolar do Estado de São Paulo, dos anos de 2005, 2007 e 2009. Os resultados mostraram que, para ambos os dados analisados, os alunos das escolas de tempo integral não apresentaram grandes diferenças de resultado, em termos de proficiência e aprovação escolar, relativamente aqueles que freqüentaram as escolas tradicionais. As estimativas obtidas a partir das técnicas de pareamento, aplicadas aos dados do Saresp, mostraram que o programa não teve efeito sobre o desempenho dos alunos em matemática. Na avaliação de língua portuguesa, os resultados foram positivos, mas de pequena magnitude. Com relação aos dados do Censo Escolar, não foram observados efeitos sobre as taxas de aprovação das escolas estaduais paulistas. Uma possível explicação para a ocorrência de resultados discretos do programa estaria no curto período de análise, ou seja, são efeitos de curto prazo. Outra explicação plausível seria o fato de que pouco tempo é despendido em atividades que possam afetar diretamente a proficiência dos alunos. Outros problemas, como a falta de coordenação dentro das escolas, a falta de material de trabalho para as atividades diversificadas das oficinas e, principalmente, a falta de motivação dos alunos também podem estar limitando os ganhos do programa. Ainda que não se tenha observado ganhos expressivos em termos de desempenho escolar, acredita-se que o programa Escola de Tempo Integral tenha outros efeitos importantes, não mensurados nesse estudo, como a inserção futura no mercado de trabalho, a redução do trabalho infantil e ganhos em termos de proteção social. / The current technological advances and the low quality in the Brazilian education scenario highlight the need of rethinking education in Brazil. In the pursuit of new challenges, the São Paulo State public school system proposed the lengthening of the school day as a strategy for a better and more complete student training. The goal of this study is to analyze the impact of the lengthening of the school day on educational performance of public schools\' 8th graders in the São Paulo State. The idea is to evaluate the Full-Time School (Escola de Tempo Integral) program, focusing on schools\' average proficiency on language and math scores, and on grade advancement rates. Thus, using the 2007-2008 SARESP test, we perform propensity score matching techniques and panel data analyses to evaluate proficiency, and using the 2005, 2007, and 2009 São Paulo State School Census (Censo Escolar) data, we apply the difference-indifferences methodology to evaluate the effect of the program on grade advancement rates. Results showed that full-time schools\' students do not outperform traditional schools\' students both on proficiency and grade advancement rate. Estimates for the SARESP matched sample did not show improvements on math performance, but for language there was a small significant effect. When it comes to the School Census data, we found no effect on grade advancement rates. A possible explanation for the small results is that we are evaluating these effects in the short run only. Another plausible explanation relies on the fact that little time is spent on activities which could directly affect students\' performance. Limitations to the gains of the program might be arising from the lack of coordination within the schools, the scarcity of working materials for the diversified activities at the courses carried out during the afternoon, and specially the students\' discouragement. Even with few expressive results in terms of schooling performance, the Fulltime school program may have other important outcomes not measured on this study such as a better future insertion into the labor market, child labor reduction, and gains in terms of social protection.

Dans un contexte d’une large diffusion des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC) en France et au sein de l’Union Européenne durant les deux dernières décennies, de renouvellement et d’élargissement affectant la plupart des universités, notre thèse porte sur une analyse des dynamiques d’usages des technologies de l’information et de la communication dans l’enseignement supérieur. Elle vise à saisir, au-delà du seul questionnement relatif aux causes ou aux effets des changements liés à l’usage des TIC éducatives, l’interaction entre TIC, performances et « innovativité ».Nos développements s’articulent autour de quatre chapitres.Le premier aura pour but de comprendre les dynamiques liées aux divers usages des TIC par des étudiants inscrits en premier cycle en sciences économiques et de gestion appartenant à trois universités françaises. Ce chapitre aura pour objet de montrer en quoi un usage intensif des TIC peut induire un accroissement de la performance des étudiants mesurée par la moyenne générale des notes obtenues à leurs examens de fin d’année.Le second chapitre aura pour objet de comprendre comment les usages estudiantins des TIC impactent leur capacité à innover. Nos résultats montrent de manière claire que l’usage des TIC contribue à l’accumulation des compétences numériques (en matière d’informatique et d’utilisation de l’Internet). Ces compétences modifient la nature des apprentissages et améliorent la capacité d’innovation des étudiants qui augmente certainement leurs performances économiques sur le marché de travail.Le troisième chapitre cherche à montrer qu’il existe une très large diversité d’usages des TIC par les enseignants de l’enseignement supérieur en France. Des inégalités importantes sont constatées à la fois d’un point de vue qualitatif et quantitatif. Nos résultats indiquent l’existence de nombreuses fractures numériques liées à ces divers usages.Le quatrième chapitre s’attache à comprendre l’articulation qui existe entre l’usage des TIC, l’accumulation des compétences numériques et les capacités d’innovation des enseignants. Nos résultats confirment la thèse selon laquelle les compétences instrumentales constituent des conditions nécessaires pour une mise en action efficace des compétences informationnelles lesquelles sont, elles-mêmes, nécessaires au déploiement efficace de compétences stratégiques liées aux TIC.Au final, notre recherche a permis de valider l’hypothèse théorique selon laquelle il persisterait des fractures numériques dans les usages touchant le secteur de l’enseignement supérieur alors même que les TIC s’y développent et s’y « démocratisent ». Nos résultats ont également permis d’ouvrir aux divers débats concernant les compétences numériques (e-skills). Ainsi, nous avons pu montrer qu’il existe des strates distinctes de compétences numériques dont il convient de tenir compte pour mieux répondre au déficit observé parmi les étudiants et les enseignants. / In the context of a widespread dissemination of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in France and within the European Union during the past two decades, of renewal and expansion affecting most universities, our thesis focuses on an analysis of ICT use dynamics in higher education. It aims at grasping, beyond the mere questioning on the causes or effects of changes associated with the use of educational ICT, the interaction between ICT, performances and “innovativeness”.Our developments are structured around four chapters.The first chapter aims at understanding the dynamics associated with various uses of ICT by in undergraduate economics and management students from three French universities. This chapter will aim at showing how extensive use of ICT can induce an increase in student performance as measured by the average overall grades on their exams at the end of the year.The second chapter aims at understanding how students’ ICT uses impact their ability to innovate. Our results show clearly that ICT use contributes to the accumulation of digital skills (in computer and Internet use). These skills are changing the nature of learning and improve the students’ innovative capacity, which certainly increases their economic performance on the job market.The third chapter seeks to show that there is a wide variety of ICT uses by higher education teachers in France. Significant inequalities are seen in both a qualitative and quantitative points of view. Our results indicate that there are many digital divides related to these various uses.The fourth chapter focuses on understanding the relation between ICT use, the accumulation of e-skills and teachers’ innovation capacities. Our results support the thesis that having instrumental competences is a necessary condition for effective activation of informational competences which are themselves necessary for effective deployment of strategic competences related to ICT.Finally, our research has validated the theoretical assumption that the gaps in digital use would persist and affect the higher education sector despite the development and democratization of ICT. Our results have also opened discussions on the various digital skills (e-skills). Thus, we could show that there are distinct layers of digital literacy which should be taken into account to better meet the deficit observed among students and teachers.