Denna uppsats behandlar hur artificiell intelligens kan användas som ett effektiviseringsredskap inom offentlig förvaltning samt hur man går tillväga att implementera ny teknik i organisationen, vilka hinder man kan stöta på och hur man arbetar med implementeringsprocessen. För att kunna hänga med i resultatet av forskningen börjar vi därför med att förklara hur AI fick sin början, vad den var menad för och hur den har utvecklats. Att sedan implementera denna teknik i olika förvaltningar som i sig kontinuerligt utvecklas organisatorisk hela tiden för att återspegla samhället är det intressanta att undersöka, för nu handlar det inte bara om ny teknologi längre utan man måste anpassa sig till organisations- och implementeringsteori. Så vi fortsätter med att förklara vad en offentlig sektor är med huvudfokuset på; offentlig förvaltning, policy, projekt, implementeringsteori och lagarbete. Tanken med dessa olika kapitel är att de skall ge en förståelse som skall leda till syftet som var att undersöka hur Försäkringskassan, en statlig svensk myndighet har jobbat med att implementera AI i sin organisation och hur den nya tekniken nu kan användas som ett effektiviseringsredskap. / This paper addresses how artificial intelligence can be used as an efficiency tool in the public administrations and how to implement new technology in the organization, which obstacles can be encountered and how to work with the implementation process. In order to be able to understand the results of our research we begin by explaining how AI got its beginning, what it was meant for and how it has evolved. To then implement this technology in various public administrations that continuously develop organizationally all the time to reflect society is interesting to examine, because now it is not just about new technology anymore but one has to adapt to organizational and implementation theory. So we continue to explain what a public sector is and how it works with the main focus on; Public administration, policy, projects, implementation theory and teamwork. The purpose of these various chapters is to give an understanding that will lead to the purpose of our research on how the Swedish Insurance Agency Försäkringskassan, a governmental Swedish authority has worked to implement AI in its organization and how the new technology can now be used as an efficiency tool.

A substantial public reform is taking place in Sweden. Public authorities are being moved from Stockholm to other parts of Sweden. The goal is to scatter these institutions to increase the public presence in smaller cities around the country. Not a lot of research has been carried out about relocation reform in the public sector. This paper intends to empirically research the significance of local and central political party majorities in the process of deciding where to place relocated institutions. With quantitative data such as vote turnout, which party is governing, unemployment rates and number of inhabitants in the cities this paper aims to explain why certain governmental institutions end up in different places in Sweden 2014 - 2018. While collecting data some trends seemed quite strong such as the correlation between cities where governmental institutions were placed and vote percentage for the governing party, particularly in the local elections. Cities were more likely to receive a institution if the inhabitants voted to a greater extent for the Swedish social democratic party as well as the biggest governing party in Sweden 2014 – 2018. Although when proceeding to multiple linear regression and Fischer’s exact test the p-values where not found to be significant exept the correlation between inhabitants in the cities who did or did not receive relocated institutions and relocation reform. As for further research this paper implies that there might be statistically significant correlations but to research such a thing one must include a greater number of cities who has received a relocated institution and perhaps design a cross-country study.

The aim of the essay was to analyse the problems for democratic consolidation in Hungary during Fidesz time in the government. The research question was: which problems could be identified for the democratic consolidation in Hungary during 2010 to 2018 when the analysis is focused on the civil society, the political society, the rule of law and the state apparatus? In order to answer the research question a case study was done. Four of Linz and Stepan’s arenas which are important for a consolidated democracy were used. The study identified several problems for the democratic consolidation in Hungary. The problems for civil society included for instance more regulations for NGO:s and negative statements from government representatives . The main problems for political society were that Fidesz had unfair advantages, for instance regarding media. Some of the problems for rule of law were the lack of unity around the constitution and that the areas which the constitutional court has jurisdiction over has been reduced. One of the problems for the state apparatus was corruption.

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The need to save the women of Afghanistan has for years been the focus of multiple international organisations, and through humanitarian aid the world has attempted to achieve this goal. This paper aims to gain an understanding of what it actually has been like to live, as a woman, in Afghanistan during the years of increased humanitarian aid, after the fall of the Taliban regime in 2001. To achieve this, the paper is based on the feminist institutionalist theory combined with previous research. This paper will focus on gaining an understanding of the informal institutions surrounding gender, and also look at empirical data to assess the practical implementation of gender-equality on the ground. To understand if or how the gender-equality has changed in Afghanistan this paper uses both quantitative and qualitative data. The conclusion will show that, even though there is a difficulty in obtaining data from Afghanistan, there has been a positive development for gender-equality on the ground and that there, however, has been little to no change towards gender-equality within gender norms and informal rules.

Denna studie undersöker vilka handlingsalternativ som Peter Singers variant av utilitarism skulle förespråka gällande flyktinginvandring. Det framgår att enligt Singers teori bör flyktingar i regel bli beviljade asyl. Däremot skulle Singer förespråka att flyktingar inte beviljades asyl om det bidrar till att länderna de kommer till sänker sin budget för bistånd till fattiga och utvecklingsländer och hjälper mer utsatta grupper mindre. Studien kommer till slutsatsen att teorin har en stark argumentation men är svår att tillämpa i praktiken. Det finns en oklarhet gällande hur Singers teori ställer sig till avvägningen man bör göra mellan långsiktiga och kortsiktiga mål. Hur nytta beräknas i praktiken är otydligt och något Singer behöver utveckla. Teorin kan även vara svår att följa i det vardagliga livet eftersom den ställer höga krav på individuell uppoffring och kan kräva att individer tar beslut som intuitivt är ifrågasättbara.

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No description available.

The aim of this study has been to investigate and describe what strategies the Social Democratic party used in the Swedish parliament when faced with a new dimension in politics, namely a green dimension that was disconnected from the traditional left-right wing spectrum that had dominated Swedish political life for decades. The theoretical background to this study was from Bonnie Meguids research on mainstream parties and niche parties. The research question that was posed was: Within a green dimension, what strategies did the Social Democrats use against the Swedish Green Party during the years 1987 to 1992? The method used in this paper was a deductive method using a quantitative content analysis. A code scheme was constructed with the purpose of coding policy positions in bills, communiqués and parliamentary motions. The analysis of the results showed that the conclusions that could be drawn were that the social democrats employed different tactics at different times. In the beginning before the green party entered parliament, the social democrats used a mostly dismissive tactic along side an adversarial tactic, and a minor converging tactic. When the Green Party entered parliament, they used a more adversarial tactic along side a dismissive tactic but also started changing their rhetoric to sound more like green party. During the parliament year of 1991/1992, they again used a bit more converging tactics alongside the mainly adversarial and dismissive strategies.

The overall aim of this essay has been to study how Swedish municipalities translate politics to hands-on action. More specifically by analysing how participating pilot municipalities within Tillväxtverket’s project Stronger local appeal in effect translated the project to local efforts. A second, underlying, aim was to identify the local projects understanding of fundamental but inadequately defined concepts included in the policy they were translating. This was done through a qualitative interview research approach with the pilot project leaders from each participating municipality. The empirical data was analysed through thematical analysis. The study concludes that the project leaders’ interpretation and understanding of fundamental concepts vary. The understanding of method, bond to be developed by the participating pilots, was lacklustre. Appeal within municipalities, however, was generally interpreted to be varying different things, e.g. conflicting focus on already existing occupants versus attracting new ones. Analysis show that local efforts had a few different themes, establishing central groups with focus on the constellation of the group as well finding the right dialogue with or to whomever was targeted, was one. Working with different types of plans and strategies or visualizing what you as a municipality can offer presumptive developers, to mention a few others. Generally speaking, translation helps the study explain that there is no right or wrong in the different types of local efforts, as also proven by the many type of different themes and local efforts. Further research should focus on why the national level use weak concepts as direction of operation, the intention of it specifically. / <p>En examination, inte en presentation.</p>