L’assurance-vie est le placement préféré des français. A cette activité de masse se pose un problème fondamental, celui de la comptabilité des règles juridiques, techniques et fiscaux applicables au contrat d’assurance-vie avec les besoins de protection des consommateurs d’assurance. Par contre au Maroc, nombreux sont les marocains qui ne peuvent pas s’offrir ce contrat, pour diverses raisons: économiques, sociales ou religieuses. Cette étude ambitionne de transcender le simple champ du droit, et tenir compte des aspects sociaux, techniques, économiques et fiscaux liés au contrat d’assurance-vie en France et au Maroc. L’objectif visé étant d’observer les lacunes et partant réfléchir sur les pistes d’amélioration à introduire au droit marocain. / Life insurance is the preferred placement of French. At that mass activity is a fundamental problem, the accounting of legal rules, technical and tax applicable to life insurance contracts with the insurance needs of consumer protection. By cons in Morocco, many Moroccans who can not afford this contract, for various reasons: economic, social or religious. This study aims to transcend the mere field of law, and take into account social, technical, economic and tax-related life insurance contract in France and Morocco. The objective is to observe the gaps and hence reflect on ways of improving the introduction to Moroccan law.

Bakgrund och problem: Den allt mer digitaliserade världen har skapat andra förutsättningar att bedriva verksamhet på. Ett skifte har identifierats där betydelsen av värde och hur värde skapas har förändrats. Interaktionen mellan företaget och kunden har blivit platsen där värde urskiljs och uppstår. Den traditionella företagsmodellen har utmanats i en större utsträckning av en affärsmodell som är baserad på prenumerationer istället för engångsköp av en produkt. En prenumerationsbaserad affärsmodell innebär att företagen har förändrat sitt synsätt på kunderna och förmågan av att upprätta långsiktiga relationer med kunderna är av stor betydelse för att uppnå framgång. Samtidigt som en mer föränderlig omgivning kräver ett externt fokus för att företagen ska kunna vara agila och ha möjlighet till att hantera förändringar på marknaden. Genom ett större fokus på kunderna, omgivningen och framtiden krävs det en ny typ av ekonomistyrning. Då den traditionella ekonomistyrningen inte är anpassad efter dagens företag och deras förutsättningar vilket gör den otillräcklig. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva och förklara vilka situationsfaktorer som är utmärkande för företag som har en prenumerationsbaserad affärsmodell samt hur detta påverkar dessa företags värdeerbjudande och ekonomistyrning. Studien syftar även till att företag inom prenumerationsekonomin kan dra lärdom av den kunskap som studien tillför. Metod: Studiens tillvägagångssätt har varit av kvalitativ karaktär där forskningsdesignen varit i form av en intervjustudie där fem olika företag har studerats. Den empiriska insamlingen har bestått av semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Slutsats: De slutsatser som kan göras efter den genomförda studien är att prenumerationsbaserade företag präglas av ett flertal olika situationsfaktorer som kräver en ekonomistyrning med ett externt och framtida fokus. Kunden är en central del i företagets värdeskapande och det är av stor betydelse att företagen tillvaratar och värdesätter kundens åsikter. I en prenumerationsbaserad affärsmodell är det enkelt för kunden att se ifall företaget har tillvaratagit kundens åsikter, eftersom att detta är möjligt att urskilja redan i nästa månads leverans av produkten. Detta kräver i sin tur att företagen har korta beslutsvägar, till viss del decentraliserad organisation samt ett agilt och processfokuserat arbetssätt. Vilket är nödvändigt för att företagen ska kunna leverera ständig utveckling och förbättring av deras produkt. / Background and problem: The increasingly digitized world has created other conditions for doing business. A shift has been identified where the importance of value and how value is created has changed. The interaction between the company and the customer has become the place where value is distinguished and created. The traditional business model has been challenged to a greater extent by a business model based on subscriptions rather than one- time purchases of a product. A subscription-based business model means that companies have changed their approach towards customers and the ability to establish long-term relationships with customers is of great importance for achieving success. At the same time as a more changing environment requires that companies have a more external focus to be able to be agile and handle market changes. Through a greater focus on customers, the environment and the future a new type of management control system is required. Since the traditional management control system isn't adapted to today's companies and their conditions which makes it insufficient. Purpose: The purpose with this study is to describe and explain which contingencies that are characteristic for companies with a subscription-based business model and how these affect these companies value creation and management control system. The study also aims to contribute with knowledge to companies within the subscription economy. Method: The study's approach has been of a qualitative nature, where the research design has been in the form of an interview study where five different companies have been studied. The empirical collection consisted of semistructured interviews. Conclusion: The conclusion that can be made after the completion of the study is that subscription-based companies are affected by several contingencies that require a management control system with an external and future focus. The customer is a key part of the company's value creation and it is important that companies utilize and appreciate the customers opinions. The subscription based business model makes it easy for the customer to see if the company has taken charge of the customers opinions, since it is possible to distinguish already in the next month's delivery. This requires companies to have short decision-making processes, to a certain extent a decentralized organisation as well as an agile and process-focused operation method. Which is necessary for companies to deliver a constant development and improvement of their product.

Company law traditionally regulated capital by use of the capital maintenance principle. The Companies Act 71 of 2008 replaces the capital maintenance regime with one based on solvency and liquidity. This dissertation aims at analysing the capital rules relating to financial assistance as they are contained in the Companies Act 71 of 2008. This includes the provision of financial assistance for the purpose of or in connection with the purchase or subscription of securities in the company (section 44) and the provision of financial assistance to directors and prescribed officers of the lending company or of a related or inter-related company, or to a related or inter-related company (sections 45). The solvency and liquidity test, which is required to be applied when a company intends to provide financial assistance is analysed at the outset of the study. The work of renown authors are used for purposes of the study. The solvency and liquidity test comprises of two elements, namely solvency and liquidity. Each element of the test as well as the assets to be considered and valuation thereof is analysed. The greatest problem with regard to the test is which assets to include when the company is part of a group of companies and the lack of provision for the protection of preferential liquidation rights in all instances. Clarity is called for in these regards. Where there is a question as to valuation method of the assets, it is submitted that it is best left to be determined by the directors. The provision of financial assistance in terms of section 44 is analysed in detail. The provision of financial assistance to a person for the purpose of or in connection with the purchase of securities in a company is allowed, subject to certain conditions and requirements. Companies are also allowed to impose further conditions or requirements in the Memorandum of Incorporation. The key terms are defined and analysed, as well as the conditions or requirements for the provision of financial assistance. The scope of application of the section is cast incredibly wide due to the wide definition of “securities” and the extension of the application to financial assistance for securities in a “related or inter-related” company. The provision of financial assistance in terms of section 45 is analysed in the same manner (albeit in less detail) as section 44. The biggest problem here again is its wide scope of application due to the extension of application to provision of financial assistance to a “related or inter-related” company or director or a prescribed officer thereof. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

The thesis titled "Use of digital marketing tools in the music industry" focuses on digital marketing and digital music and their mutual relationship. The aim is to describe the possibilities of digital marketing in today's music industry and explore the hypothesis that the Internet and digital music fundamentally affect modern music industry and thus the marketing of music artists and their work. The first part describes the transformation of the Internet into its present form. It also describes digital marketing, its history, tools and significant trends. The second defines the music industry and explain its structure and the change, which it is currently undergoing, due to the advent of digital music. The third part presents the analysis of individual digital music distribution and marketing tools.

The same digital forces that are changing the Communications, Information, Media and Entertainment industries in general are radically changing newspaper companies in particular by changing their value chain. Newspapers are seeing their dominance erode when Internet and digitization are fundamentally changing and disrupting their traditional business models.  There is a clear collectively decline in news consumption, and with that the news organizations’ roles in society are changing. Moreover, the reduced consumption of news puts pressure on the newspaper’s economy with shrinking revenues and increasing costs. The transformation of the newspaper into a purely digital business has been in progress under the past decade and it is rapidly accelerating.   The subscribers of the printed morning newspaper have historically been characterized by a high degree of loyalty and engagement as well as a low price sensitivity. They constitute an attractive group for the newspaper to keep as digital subscribers in a possible future situation where the printed newspaper no longer can be provided.  Thus, the purpose of this study is to find out to what extent the studied newspaper company can rely on the existing print subscribers to stay as digital subscribers and count them as a stable resource, that is as a part of the future digital subscription revenues.

To increase the number of customers buying from a web application, theory states that the application needs to be easy to use. In this study, navigability and usability will be investigated and tested on a web-based book-subscription service. The purpose of this study is to come to new conclusions regarding what is important for navigability and usability for subscription services that target students. A web application was created for an online book club subscription service for students at Linköping University. It was created in two different iterations where each iteration was tested on 12 students, which according to theory is a sufficient number of testers. The first iteration was designed based on theory and the second was redesigned based on the input from the test users. Counting the number of clicks taken by the user was the main method used for evaluating navigability, while Concurrent Thinking Aloud, System Usability Scale and Retrospective Probing Procedure were the methods used to measure usability. The most considerable changes made between the two iterations were the updating of the filtering function on the find book club page and the implementation of a search function on the same page. This was also the page where the most improvement in the number of clicks was made. In line with the theory, the usability improved in the tests after changes had been made that test users had commented on. The number of clicks did mostly decrease in the second iteration but not in all categories. This result does not mean that the user experience was not improved since some requested functionality was implemented that required additional clicks.

El trabajo presentado a continuación busca dar validez a un mecanismo poco explotado en el rubro de productos físicos que es la; suscripción; Siendo más específicos con la idea de negocio, Meka Box busca distribuir diversos accesorios de; moda; dentro de un box por el pago de una cuota fija mensual. Nosotros no buscamos simplemente vender una pulsera o un collar, queremos ofrecer una experiencia completa a cada; mujer; que adquiera nuestro producto. Para lograrlo, hacemos un estudio y análisis completo del mercado de la moda para mantenernos actualizados. Así mismo, toamos sus; preferencias; parar armarles un paquete que se acople totalmente a sus necesidades. Nosotros contamos con cuatro versiones de nuestros boxes: Fancy, Romantic, Urban y Random. Cada uno se alinea perfectamente a los gustos de nuestras usuarias. Por ello, tomando las novedades de la industria y los propios gustos de nuestras suscritoras, aramos un box que incluya una grata; sorpresa. De esta forma, generar un vínculo directo con ellas y seguir brindándoles los mejores accesorios cada temporada. Esta idea no termina en un concepto, sino será plasmada en números, dando validez a la rentabilidad de esta innovadora versión de negocio: Meka Box. / The next presented job looks for the validation of a new way to work in the industry of solids products, which is the; subscription; In other to be more specific with the business idea; Meka Box wants to distribute various; fashion; accessories in a box with a unique and permanent payment every month. We just don’t want to sell earrings or necklets; we want to bring a whole experience to each; woman; who purchases our product. To make this possible, we analyze and evaluate the fashion industry to keep us fresh with new ideas. Also, we pay attention to our costumer´s; preferences; with that information we make a box that accommodate to their own necessities. We have four different version of boxes, they are: Fancy, Romantic, Urban and Random. Each of those matches perfectly with our client´s likes. Therefore, taking the information from the fashion world and the preferences from our costumers we create a box that includes a great; surprise. In this way we build up a strong bond with them and keep on bringing the best accessories every season. This idea doesn’t end in just a concept but will be reflected in numbers; giving validity to this creative business idea: Meka Box. / Trabajo de investigación

In recent years, menstruation and menstruation hygiene products has had an increased interest, which has resulted in the topic being debated in many parts of the world. Change has been encouraged and some countries have acted to facilitate women's consumption of menstrual hygiene products. Sweden is not one of those countries, which means that menstrual hygiene products are neither free nor have reduced prices in the stores. Therefore, new business models such as online subscriptions need to be explored to increase the availability of menstrual hygiene products in the Swedish society. It can facilitate the buying process for women who consume the products, as the alternatives increase. The purpose of this thesis is to gain knowledge on how subscription-based business models influence the customer experience for women who consume menstrual hygiene products. New research is required to provide a perception of how subscriptions affect customers’ expectations and experience, which can result in a greater understanding of women's customer experience in this area. An interview guide was designed based on previous research and theories to be implemented in the focus groups which constituted the empirical findings. The findings were conducted by using a qualitative exploratory study of four focus groups with four participants in each. The thesis has used the conceptual framework when analyzing the empirical datawith the previous research to be able to identify patterns, similarities and differences. The conclusion of this thesis is that subscriptions to menstrual hygiene products can generate benefits that differ from one-time purchases. Menstruation and menstrual hygiene products is a sensitive topic that requires greater availability on the swedish market and subscriptions are one option. Identified touchpoints are flexibility, convenience, simplicity and time savings, which has a positive effect on the customer experience. Although, customer experience is defined differently and has individual meanings depending on the person. Therefore, it is challenging to measure the customer experience as the influencing factors vary between different people. Though, preferences for what affects the customer experience differ tosome extent between the age groups. Some barriers have been identified and the most prominent is irregular menstruationwhich can make subscriptions more complicated.

En el presente trabajo se realizará una startup para el curso de negocio sostenible implementación. Debido a la coyuntura que atraviesa nuestra sociedad se decidió crear un emprendimiento que consiste en la creación de una plataforma virtual que brinda un servicio de distintos tipos de entrenamientos para jóvenes que les gusta hacer deporte, ofreciéndoles la opción de entrenar cuando quieran y donde quieran. Nuestra marca tiene el nombre de “TrainIN” que en español significa entrena-dentro. Las fuentes de ingreso se establecerá con respecto a las suscripciones que realicen nuestros clientes, en este caso será de 35 soles mensuales. La publicidad de nuestra marca se realizará a través de las redes sociales, siendo Instagram la de mayor impacto. Para poder desarrollar el giro de nuestro negocio se tendrá que realizar un inversión de 20 mil soles, que será respaldado en base a los aportes de los fundadores ( 25 %) e inversionistas (75%). Misión: Contribuir con la buena condición física de nuestra comunidad a través de entrenamientos de calidad que podrán realizar desde la comodidad de sus hogares. Visión: Ser el centro de entrenamiento online líder en Perú, brindando un servicio de calidad a nuestros clientes, ofreciendo valor a nuestros colaboradores y promoviendo la vida saludable entre todos nuestros miembros. / This research attempts to develop a Start Up based on the needs that have raised because of the pandemic which is a digital training platform named TrainIN that offers multiple exercise options. This way the customers can train whenever and wherever they want. All marketing efforts will be carried out through social network with Instagram having the biggest impact on terms of awareness and reach. On one hand, our income source comes from the monthly subscriptions that have a cost of 35 soles. On the other hand, to get the business going, TrainIN will invest 20,000 soles which will be funded by the founders (25%) and investors (75%). Mission: Contribute with our community’s physical condition providing multiple exercise options for them to do from home or wherever they like. Vision: We dream of leading the online training market in Peru by offering high quality service to our clients and teachers. / Trabajo de investigación

In recent years, there has been an increased number of people that are engaged in gaming - a phenomenon connected to constantly developing internet infrastructure and a growing middleclass. The phenomenon of Cloud gaming has received increasing attention since it was introduced some years ago; in 2022 all Cloud gaming services combined had 31,7 million paying users. The number that is estimated to triple by 2025. Given this information, we proceeded to identify a gap in previous literature within the topic of Cloud gaming. Previous research within the topic of Cloud gaming has predominantly discussed Cloud gaming as a business model rather than focusing on consumers. We sought to seize the opportunity to fill this research gap by studying consumers' motivations to engage in this new technology and examine which factors can influence the customer's decision-making process in the path to purchase. We also wanted this study to contribute to marketing practice by examining important current research priorities within the field of marketing. In order to investigate our research purposes, we adopted an exploratory qualitative study where we, with the help of online focus groups, investigated the customers' perceptions of Cloud gaming as a service and their motivations to engage in it. Another purpose of this study was to find out how the gaming industry may be affected by the increased usage of cloud gaming, therefore we wanted to conduct a semi-structured interview with an industry representative. The most interesting result of this study indicates that a somewhat odd situation arises for the Cloud gaming companies where the respondents who spent the least amount of money and engage the least in traditional gaming, showed the greatest motivation to engage in Cloud gaming. Therefore we suggest that there are a number of different measures that must be kept in mind by marketers within the industry.