Este trabalho orientou-se por uma pergunta: qual era o público literário (leitor e consumidor) de Alexandre Dumas, Manuel Antonio de Almeida, José de Alencar e Fagundes Varella e de suas respectivas produções literárias que foram difundidas no Brasil entre 1850 e 1860? Para responder a esta pergunta, o trabalho buscou identificar e caracterizar como grupo social uma fração do público literário brasileiro destes escritores e de seus folhetins, publicados na forma de romances e crônicas. Eles circularam no Gabinete Português de Leitura do Rio de Janeiro (Dumas) e em dois jornais do Império - Correio Mercantil-RJ (Almeida e Alencar) e Correio Paulistano-SP (Varella). E nestes espaços sua presença foi considerada bastante expressiva a ponto de existir, em um país marcado pela escravidão e analfabetismo, uma fração de público para eles. Essa fração não representava apenas a elite, advinha também de outros estratos sociais, que carecem de investigação sociológica. Diante da variedade do sistema literário brasileiro, extraímos dele somente alguns momentos que, uma vez compreendidos, apresentam elementos constitutivos de uma fração do público literário no Segundo Reinado no Rio de Janeiro e em São Paulo. / The research question guiding this study was: who was the literary public (both reader and consumer) of the works of Alexandre Dumas, Manuel Antonio de Almeida, José de Alencar, and Fagundes Varella that were published in Brazil between the years of 1850 and 1860? To answer this question, this study attempted to identify and characterize as a social group a fraction of the Brazilian literary public who consumed the writings of the aforementioned authors, which circulated as feuilleton (novels and chronicles). Such writings circulated at the Gabinete Português de Leitura in Rio de Janeiro (Dumas) and in two newspapers printed during the Empire - Correio Mercantil from Rio de Janeiro (Almeida and Alencar) and Correio Paulistano from São Paulo (Varella). Their presence was of such importance that a fraction of the literary public existed in a country marked by slavery and illiteracy. This fraction did not represent the elite only, it included other social groups requiring investigation. In relation to the diversity of the Brazilian literary system some elements were extracted in this investigation. Once understood, they present constitutive elements of a fraction of the literary public in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo during the Second Empire of Brazil.

Användandet av olika incitamentsprogram och aktierelaterade ersättningar i synnerhet har ökat sen 80-talet. Aktierelaterade ersättningsprogram används för att uppmuntra persona-len att aktivt deltaga för att förbättra företagets resultat. Ersättningarna i dessa program be-står antingen av köpotioner, teckningsoptioner, syntetiska optioner eller konvertibler. Sedan den 1 januari 2005 gäller de nya redovisningsreglerna IFRS 2. Dessa regler styr redo-visningen av aktierelaterade ersättningar. IFRS 2 kräver att alla företag noterade på någon börs inom EU kostnadsför dessa ersättningar i resultaträkningen. Innan implementeringen av de nya reglerna räckte det med att ta upp dessa ersättningar i notform. IFRS 2 kräver att dessa regler retroaktivt skall användas för att påvisa dess effekter på 2004 års resultaträk-ning. Anledningen till detta är att potentiella investerare skall ha möjlighet att kunna jämfö-ra resultaträkningar från olika år. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka effekter företagen på den svenska A-listan skul-le få erfara om IFRS 2 var implementerad redan år 2004. Vidare ämnar vi att beskriva hur aktierelaterade ersättningsprogram används och hur detta påverkar företagen. Uppsatsen är genomförd med en kvantitativ ansats och har baserats på sekundärdata från företagens årsrapporter. Vårt urval är det samma som totalpopulationen på den svenska A-listan. De slutsatser som vi kunnat dra i vår uppsats är att majoriteten av de noterade företagen på A-listan använder någon form av aktierelaterade ersättningsprogram. Den mest använda optionstypen är teckningsoptioner. I medel skulle resultatet minskat med 0,89 procent på grund av IFRS 2. Utspädningseffekten som orsakats av aktierelaterade ersättningar var i medel 0,54 procent. Företagen på A-listan använder i huvudsak Black & Scholes-modellen vid värdering av de aktierelaterade ersättningsprogrammen. Vidare indikerar resultatet av vår studie att företag som använder köpoptioner skulle ha haft mest negativ resultatpåver-kan på grund av IFRS 2. En annan intressant slutsats är att större företag tenderar att in-volvera alla anställda i sina aktieoptionsprogram medan mindre bolag föredrar att rikta des-sa aktierelaterade ersättningar endast till chefer och ledning. / The use of incitement programs and share-based programs in particular has increased since the 1980`s. These share-based programs are used to encourage the employees to actively participate in increasing the company’s result. The payment in these share-based compen-sations either is; call options, subscription options, synthetic options or convertibles. From January 1 2005, the new accounting regulation IFRS 2 regarding share-based pay-ments are implemented. The IFRS 2 demands all companies noted on a stock exchange in the European Union to account for the share-based payments and expense these in the in-come statement. Before this implementation, these payments only had to be described in a disclosed form. However for the year 2004, the effects due to the IFRS 2 have to be taken into consideration in the income statement. The reason for this is that potential investors must have the possibility to compare the financial statements between different time peri-ods. The purpose with thesis is to cover what effects the companies’ on the Swedish A-list should have had if the IFRS 2 were implemented already the year 2004. Secondly, the aim is to cover and describe the utilization of share-based programs among these companies and to explain how they are affected. The thesis is conducted through a quantitative approach and based on secondary data from annual reports of the companies’. Our selection is the total population on the Swedish A-list. The conclusions made in our thesis are that the majority of the A-listed companies’ use some kind of share-based programs. The most frequently used option type is the subscrip-tion option. On average, the decrease in result was 0,89 percent due to IFRS 2. On average the dilution effect due to the use of share-based programs decreased the result per share by 0,54 percent. The companies on the A-list use the Black & Scholes formula to valuate the share-based payments. Our study also indicates that the companies using call options should have experienced the greatest result decrease due to the IFRS 2. Another interesting conclusion is that the larger companies in our study are most likely to involve all the em-ployees’ in the share-based programs while the smaller companies prefer to only involve executives and other leading personnel.

<p>Användandet av olika incitamentsprogram och aktierelaterade ersättningar i synnerhet har ökat sen 80-talet. Aktierelaterade ersättningsprogram används för att uppmuntra persona-len att aktivt deltaga för att förbättra företagets resultat. Ersättningarna i dessa program be-står antingen av köpotioner, teckningsoptioner, syntetiska optioner eller konvertibler.</p><p>Sedan den 1 januari 2005 gäller de nya redovisningsreglerna IFRS 2. Dessa regler styr redo-visningen av aktierelaterade ersättningar. IFRS 2 kräver att alla företag noterade på någon börs inom EU kostnadsför dessa ersättningar i resultaträkningen. Innan implementeringen av de nya reglerna räckte det med att ta upp dessa ersättningar i notform. IFRS 2 kräver att dessa regler retroaktivt skall användas för att påvisa dess effekter på 2004 års resultaträk-ning. Anledningen till detta är att potentiella investerare skall ha möjlighet att kunna jämfö-ra resultaträkningar från olika år.</p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka effekter företagen på den svenska A-listan skul-le få erfara om IFRS 2 var implementerad redan år 2004. Vidare ämnar vi att beskriva hur aktierelaterade ersättningsprogram används och hur detta påverkar företagen.</p><p>Uppsatsen är genomförd med en kvantitativ ansats och har baserats på sekundärdata från företagens årsrapporter. Vårt urval är det samma som totalpopulationen på den svenska A-listan.</p><p>De slutsatser som vi kunnat dra i vår uppsats är att majoriteten av de noterade företagen på A-listan använder någon form av aktierelaterade ersättningsprogram. Den mest använda optionstypen är teckningsoptioner. I medel skulle resultatet minskat med 0,89 procent på grund av IFRS 2. Utspädningseffekten som orsakats av aktierelaterade ersättningar var i medel 0,54 procent. Företagen på A-listan använder i huvudsak Black & Scholes-modellen vid värdering av de aktierelaterade ersättningsprogrammen. Vidare indikerar resultatet av vår studie att företag som använder köpoptioner skulle ha haft mest negativ resultatpåver-kan på grund av IFRS 2. En annan intressant slutsats är att större företag tenderar att in-volvera alla anställda i sina aktieoptionsprogram medan mindre bolag föredrar att rikta des-sa aktierelaterade ersättningar endast till chefer och ledning.</p> / <p>The use of incitement programs and share-based programs in particular has increased since the 1980`s. These share-based programs are used to encourage the employees to actively participate in increasing the company’s result. The payment in these share-based compen-sations either is; call options, subscription options, synthetic options or convertibles.</p><p>From January 1 2005, the new accounting regulation IFRS 2 regarding share-based pay-ments are implemented. The IFRS 2 demands all companies noted on a stock exchange in the European Union to account for the share-based payments and expense these in the in-come statement. Before this implementation, these payments only had to be described in a disclosed form. However for the year 2004, the effects due to the IFRS 2 have to be taken into consideration in the income statement. The reason for this is that potential investors must have the possibility to compare the financial statements between different time peri-ods.</p><p>The purpose with thesis is to cover what effects the companies’ on the Swedish A-list should have had if the IFRS 2 were implemented already the year 2004. Secondly, the aim is to cover and describe the utilization of share-based programs among these companies and to explain how they are affected.</p><p>The thesis is conducted through a quantitative approach and based on secondary data from annual reports of the companies’. Our selection is the total population on the Swedish A-list.</p><p>The conclusions made in our thesis are that the majority of the A-listed companies’ use some kind of share-based programs. The most frequently used option type is the subscrip-tion option. On average, the decrease in result was 0,89 percent due to IFRS 2. On average the dilution effect due to the use of share-based programs decreased the result per share by 0,54 percent. The companies on the A-list use the Black & Scholes formula to valuate the share-based payments. Our study also indicates that the companies using call options should have experienced the greatest result decrease due to the IFRS 2. Another interesting conclusion is that the larger companies in our study are most likely to involve all the em-ployees’ in the share-based programs while the smaller companies prefer to only involve executives and other leading personnel.</p>

Titel: Hur och varför förändras kundvården hos ett företag som gått från produktförsäljning till att sälja tjänster i prenumerationsform? -En studie av ett svenskt SaaS-företag   Författare: Fredrik Thurén, Johanna Grönvik och Rebecca von Knorring   Handledare: Anders Wrenne   Institution: Managementhögskolan, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola   Kurs: Kandidatarbete i Företagsekonomi, 15 högskolepoäng   Syfte: Syftet med vår uppsats är att ge ett bidrag till forskningen gällande hur olika aspekter av kundvård kan komma att förändras, samt varför dessa förändras, hos ett företag som gått från en varudominerande logik till en tjänstedominerande logik.   Metod: För att svara på uppsatsens frågeställning och uppfylla dess syfte har vi valt att genomföra en studie med kvalitativ forskningsstrategi. Tillvägagångssättet för att genomföra undersökningen kommer vara semi-strukturerade intervjuer.   Resultat och slutsats: Företaget har definitivt ökat sitt kundfokus och jobbar idag, med större fokus på god service och en slags proaktiv kundvård, tillsammans med kunden i syfte att hjälpa kunden att vara mer framgångsrik. Det ökade fokuset på kundvård och på att behålla kunden är en effekt utav affärsmodellens intäktsströmmar där intäkterna nu måste förtjänas varje dag.   Nyckelord: varudominant logik, tjänstedominant logik, SaaS (Subscription-as-a-Service), molnteknik, customer lifetime value, customer relationship management

Video games have become a great source of entertainment and emerged as a massive industry in the past few decades. Technological advancements and evolution of smartphones have made it easier for developers to develop and launch their games on different platforms mostly in digital form. Where the technology has facilitated game developers, it has also made this industry very competitive. Companies/developers need to consistently review their monetization strategies and make necessary changes to them in order to stay profitable. This study evaluates the monetization approaches of a case game by conducting a public survey. By analyzing the responses received from users from different regions of the world, this study found out how users from different regions have different attitudes towards gaming and how these can affect monetization approaches. Users from different regions spend time on gaming differently and their total number of gaming hours also vary. The findings from the thesis show that the specific hours might be a potential for gaming companies monetization investigation. In-game advertisements is one of the most popular monetization approaches and majority of the users from all age groups, regions, genders, and professions have no issues watching ads to receive some in-game benefits. Similarly, in-app purchase model of the case game proved to be very popular among its users. Subscriptions model, on the other hand, may prove to be another popular model for generating revenue, however, the company needs to address some issues to make users continue with their subscriptions. This study points out some reasons why users stop spending money on the case game. The study identifies some mitigation points as potential aspects that might have impact on monetization.

This diploma thesis examines the trend of subscription news content on the internet. It deals with the use of paywall as one of the possible future business models of media in the digital sphere in contrast to the advertising-based business models that dominate in the Czech Republic now. This phenomenon is explored on the example of the relatively new journal, Deník N. The theoretical part of this paper examines the transformation of the media industry in the world and in the Czech Republic and the challenges this transformation brings. Based on a comparison and analysis of a number of academic papers and examples from practice, this thesis examines the defining aspects of publishing news content on the internet and the possibilities of its monetization. Furthermore, this thesis presents a detailed profile of Deník N, with the help of public data and interviews with the management of its newsroom. This theoretical framework then provides the background for the following research methodology and its implementation. The practical part of this paper is a quantitative analysis of the content of Deník N in comparison with the digital news platform Aktuálně. This analysis deals with the specifics of paid content in comparison with content available for free, and it questions the added value of Deník N...

The main objective with this Master's thesis is to better understand the preferences and attitudes of audiobook users in Sweden who are also members of Swedish Facebook audiobook groups. In recent years audiobooks have risen to prominence, although their previously inferior status is still evident in the lack of available research. Development of digital technology together with our busy modern lives have facilitated this rapid growth. The data gathering method used was a self-completion questionnaire distributed via Swedish audiobook Facebook groups. I endeavored to answer the following research questions: Why, how and to what extent do members of Swedish Facebook audiobook groups consume audiobooks? What attitudes do these users exhibit towards audiobooks’ affordances? Uses and gratifications theory and McLuhan's laws of media were used as a theoretical framework. The study both supports and challenges previous findings. Users primarily audio read because they can do other things at the same time; thriller/suspense/mystery are the most popular genres; many listen to podcasts and read print books, but a substantial number also exclusively listen. The study also found that most audio read quite a lot and prefer to do it at home, while the car is not such a common location. The narrator is overall important, but not when one chooses an audiobook. Though most subscribe to a streaming service, a substantial number of users borrow from a local library.

Detta är en fenomenologisk studie som utgår från ett fall och undersöker hur plattformsskiftet påverkat produktioner riktade till barn. Fallet som undersöks är Sveriges Television (SVT) och vilka anpassningar de har gjort i Barnkanalens produktioner för att behålla sin publik. Studien undersöker hur SVT arbetat för att inte förlora publiken till det ökade antal konkurrenter och vilka utmaningar detta inneburit. De metoder som har använts för att samla in relevant data är kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra olika nyckelpersoner på SVT som arbetar med barnproduktioner samt visuella innehållsanalyser på tre av deras mest framgångsrika och populära produktioner. Syftet med studien är att öka insikterna i vilka anpassningar Barnkanalen gjort, och gör 2019, gällande deras egna produktioner för att kunna tillgodose målgruppens behov i takt med den tekniska utvecklingen av TV-distribution och målgruppens förändrade konsumtionsmönster. Det material som använts för att bygga en teoretisk grund är tidigare forskning inom bland annat medievanor och konsumtionsbeteende samt statistik framtagen av oberoende källor. Resultatet av denna studie tyder på att SVT arbetar proaktivt för den förändring som sker och har genomfört anpassningar för att behålla sin konkurrenskraft på marknaden, något som också gett positiva resultat i form av höga tittarsiffror online. / This is a phenomenological study that emanates from a case to investigate how platform shifts have affected children's television production. The case that is studied is Sveriges Television (SVT) and what adaptations they have made to their own children's productions in order to maintain their audience. The study investigates how SVT has been working to retain their audience from the increasing number of competitors and the challenges they face doing so. The methods that have been used to collect pertinent data are qualitative interview with four key people at SVT, who work with children's productions, and visual content analysis of their three most popular and successful productions. The purpose of the study is to give insight into Barnkanalen's adaptations, both past and ongoing, regarding their own productions in order to satisfy the target group's needs; as the technical evolution of TV-distribution and ever-changing consumer behaviour. The data that has been used to build a theoretical foundation is prior research within habits of media and consumption behaviour. As well as statistics produced by independent sources. The results of this study shows that SBT is working proactively for the change taking place and has adapted to maintain their competitiveness on the market, something that has also been paying off in form of high viewing rates online.

The main objective for this study was to explore Storytel users’ selection of audiobooks to examine what search strategies and relevance aspects emerge in the relation to a digital book streaming service mobile application, and to examine how this application aids and influences its users in the search and selection of audiobooks. With the help of previous research on book selection and the concepts of search strategies and tactics, as well as the user-centered perspective on relevance and the concept of the digital paratext, five interviews with audiobook readers were analysed. The two major search approaches were known item search and browsing. The major difference compared to previous research on book selection was the new, additional component of the performing narrator. The narrator did not provide any new relevance aspects to the already identified in earlier studies, but rather, proved to be a component spread out on the already identified relevance aspects. Compared to previous research, the author of this study would, however, like to emphasis the relevance aspect of variation. The fact emerged that the readers used the book(s) read previously as a reference, but not necessarily as something they wanted more of or something similar to, but as something they liked something different from. In this desire for variation, the Storytel’s browsing and recommendations’ functions seemed to fall short and the context of the social world outside the app broke in as a helpful aspect of the audiobook selection.

[pt] Esse trabalho investiga o comportamento dos investidores na seleção de fundos de investimento em ações. A base analisada é formada pelos fundos de ações disponíveis no mercado brasileiro entre 2005 e 2018. Nesse período, há uma expansão do mercado, medido tanto em termos do patrimônio total sob gestão quanto em termos de fundos disponíveis, acompanhada por uma redução gradual das taxas de administração médias praticadas. Em linha com a literatura existente, os dados sugerem que os fluxos de captação dos fundos são sensíve à performance passada. Os dados sugerem também que a captação dos fundos geridos por empresas que atuam exclusivamente na atividade de gestão de fundos é inferior à de fundos geridos por instituições financeiras que atuam também em outras atividades financeiras. / [en] This dissertation investigates the behavior of investors when selecting equity mutual funds. The database is comprised of available equity mutual funds in the Brazilian market between 2005 and 2018. During this period, there was a market expansion, measured in terms of total assets under management as well as number of available funds, as well as a gradual decrease in average fees. In agreement with existing literature, the data suggests that inflows are correlated with past performance. The data also suggests that inflows into funds managed by firms that offer fund management services only is lower than inflows into funds managed by firms that offer a broader array of financial services.