To enable sports associations to grow and effectively interact with their members with- out increasing the administrative workload significantly, an e-membership web application can be used. For this web application to be efficient and adopted by the members of the association, it needs to be useful, easy to navigate, and trustworthy for both the members and the administrators of the association. In this study, a web application was developed and tested in close collaboration with Linköpings Atletklubb to fulfill the previously men- tioned requirements. The study found that logical functionality affects usability, clarity of links and labels, such as menu options, affects navigability, and correct information and professional design contribute to trustworthiness in a positive manner.

According to a study made at Linköping University, there are few options besides self-catered food and buying food at a restaurant. According to the same survey, a majority of the students seek further options in the market. A proposed solution, tested here, is to develop a platform for selling and buying homemade food through a web application. Development takes place in iterations where design and functionality are supported by scientific theory. Changes are based on qualitative opinions from user tests at the end of each iteration. The work is specifically aimed at creating a design with associated features that allow quick navigation to the desired transaction while the user experiences a good navigability. The balance between navigability and time aspects has been central to the report and influenced all aspects of the web application's design. The report shows that it is possible to develop a web application according to the above criteria and identify what is essential for the users. / Enligt en undersökning vid Linköpings universitet finns det få alternativ till egenlagad mat och att köpa mat på restaurang. Enligt samma undersökning eftersträvar en majoritet av studenterna ett ytterligare alternativ på marknaden. En föreslagen lösning, som testas här, är att genom utvecklingen av en webbapplikation skapa en plattform för försäljning och köp av hemlagad mat. Utveckling sker i iterationer där design och funktionalitet underbyggs med vetenskaplig teori. Förändringar baseras på kvalitativa åsikter från användartester i slutet av varje iteration. Arbetet är speciellt inriktat på att skapa en design med tillhörande funktioner som tillåter en snabb navigering till den önskade transaktionen samtidigt som användaren upplever en god navigerbarhet. Avvägningen mellan navigerbarhet och tidsaspekter har varit centralt i rapporten och påverkat samtliga delar av webbapplikationens utformning. Rapporten visar att det är möjligt att utveckla en webbapplikation efter ovan nämnda kriterier och identifierar vad som upplevs centralt för användarna.

The purpose of this report was to study how the design of a web application can induce trust and navigability. To study this, a web application was created where the private consumer can buy a part of an emission allowance, tailored to the consumers’ specific needs. Since environmental companies are subject to hard audits, not only by authorities but also by the consumers, it was concluded that this type of web application is well suitable to test how design can induce trust. This web application was tested by different test groups in three iterations. The user tests made use of the Critical thinking-aloud protocol, System Usability Scale, and Smith’s Lostness formula, and consisted of two assignments followed by various questions regarding how the test subject experienced the assignments. After each iteration, the web application was altered in alignment with the feedback received from the test subjects. Each iteration had a completely different test group to ensure that the alterations were effective on a larger scale than only to address the last test group's concerns. The results from the user test improved with each iteration and after the final iteration, all test subjects were unanimous in that they experienced the web application as secure and trustworthy enough to make a payment using their debit card on the site. It was concluded that implementing a website according to existing theories and websites is important to create trust and navigability. Design, information pages, typography, colors, and shape, have an impact on trustworthiness while placement of functionality as well as popups for completed tasks improve navigability. This study can hopefully be viewed as a foundation for future research in the field of design and its impact on trustworthiness and navigability.

Students’ learning processes can be affected negatively by long waiting times to get assistance on lesson- and lab-sessions. Studies show that digital queuing systems decrease the waiting time. Thus, the purpose of this report is to investigate how to design a web-based queuing application to achieve a high perceived usability for students and tutors. Especially based on navigability and design which in accordance with research in the area has a direct impact on the usability. To achieve a high perceived usability the application was developed iteratively. In the first version the implemented functionality was built upon the result from the feasibility study combined with research in the area. After a set of user evaluations, changes from the first version were implemented to further improve the perceived usability. Lastly, another set of evaluations were performed to confirm the improvement in the final version. The results showed that the first version of the system was perceived as 84 out of 100 on the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the final version as 88 out of 100, an improvement by four units. Uniform design, no irrelevant functionality, placing buttons in conspicuous positions and having double checks to “dangerous actions” all seem to be factors contributing to the navigability, desirability and thus the usability on a queuing-application. / Studenters lärandeprocess kan påverkas negativt av långa väntetider för att få hjälp under lektions- och laborationspass. Studier visar att digitala kösystem reducerar väntetiden. Följaktligen är syftet med arbetet att undersöka hur en webb-baserad köapplikation kan designas för att uppnå en hög upplevd användbarhet hos studenter och handledare. Speciellt med avseende på navigerbarhet och design vilket enligt tidigare forskning har en direkt påverkan på användbarheten. För att uppnå en hög upplevd användbarhet utvecklades applikationen iterativt. I den första versionen implementerades funktionalitet som byggde på resultatet från förstudien i kombination med tidigare forskning. Efter användartester implementerades ändringar från den första versionen för att ytterlige förbättra användbarheten. Slutligen genomfördes ytterligare användartester för att bekräfta förbättringen i den slutgiltiga versionen. Resultatet visade att den första versionen av systemet uppfattades som 84 av 100 på systemanvändbarhetsskalan SUS och den slutgiltiga som 88 av 100, en förbättring med fyra enheter. Enhetlig design, ingen irrelevant funktionalitet, placering av knappar i iögonfallande positioner och att ha kontroller vid “farliga klick” verkar alla vara faktorer som bidrar till navigerbarheten, åtråvärdheten och där med användbarheten för en kö-applikation.

The purpose of this project was to determine how the experienced navigability of a web application affects its usability. In order to further investigate this, a web application called Sprouty was created, an easy-to-use web application that promotes individuals to buy and sell pre-owned plants and cuttings. The reasons for choosing this business concept are rooted in the marketing surveys that were first conducted before the webpage was developed. The results from this survey showed that there was a high demand among individuals to be able to buy plants online. This segment had previously been trading and selling plants through online social platforms such as Tradera, Blocket and Facebook Marketplace and sought a more structured platform to conduct these activities. Throughout the development of the web application, theories have been applied from peer reviewed articles regarding subjects such as layout, design, navigability and consumer behavior. To later test the efficiency of these theories and tools, two iterations of user tests were conducted by using the methods Lostness and Think aloud. In addition to this, a questionnaire was used for both tests. After the first iteration of user tests had been conducted, changes were made according to the feedback received in order to improve the user experience and the applications over- all functionality. To test the impact of these improvements, another round of user tests were conducted in order to measure how the changes impacted the navigability and experienced usability. The results showed that having a search engine, filter function and theory based layout improved the navigability of the "Shop" page of the web application. Lastly, the re- sults showed that having an intuitive design similar to other known websites is important to minimize confusion when performing tasks. This lead to the conclusion that the overall web application’s layout, design and filter functions all are important aspects impacting the experienced navigability and therefore the usability of the web application. / Syftet med detta projekt var att avgöra hur den upplevda navigerbarheten av en web- bapplikation påverkar sidans användarvänlighet. För att undersöka detta skapades en hemsida som heter Sprouty, en sida där privatpersoner enkelt kan köpa och sälja plantor och sticklingar. Affärsidén grundar sig i en marknadsundersökning som gjordes innan webbapplikationen utvecklades. Resultaten från undersökningen visade att det fanns en hög efterfrågan hos individer att ville köpa och sälja växter och sticklingar online. Mål- gruppen inom detta marknadssegment har tidigare använt plattformar såsom Tradera, Blocket och Facebook Marketplace och har därför efterfrågat en mer strukturerad plattform för att tillgodose dessa behov. Genom hela utvecklandet av webbapplikationen, har teorier från vetenskapliga artik- lar applicerats, vars innehåll berör ämnen såsom layout, design, navigerbarhet och kon- sumentbeteende online. För att senare testa effektiviteten hos dessa teorier och verktyg ut- fördes två iterationer av användartester med metoderna lostness och think aloud. Utöver detta fick testpersonerna från båda undersökningarna svara på en enkät efter att testen utförts. Efter första iterationen av testernagjordes förbättringar kopplat till de resultat som hämtades från användartesterna. För att undersöka vilken påverkan förbättringarna hade gjordes sedan en till omgång användartester för att mäta vilken effekt förbättringarna hade på navigerbarheten och den upplevda användarvänligheten. Resultaten visade på att en sökmotor, filterfunktion och en väl genomtänkt layout förbättrade navigerbarheten hos webbapplikationens köpsida. Avslutningsvis visade resultaten även att en intuitiv design som liknande andra hemsidor var viktigt för att minimera förvirringen vid genomförandet av en uppgift. Detta resulterade i slutsatsen att webbapplikationens övergripande layout, design och filtreringsfunktioner alla är viktiga aspekter som påverkar den upplevda nav- igerbarheten och därmed användarvänligheten hos webbapplikationen.

The consumer trend towards sustainable purchasing habits online has increased due to the environmental impact of the clothing industry. While second-hand shopping is a popular option, it is often avoided due to the perceived inconvenience. The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for creating a navigable website for students in the context of second hand shopping. The research was conducted through a combination of surveys, user testing, and data analysis. Perceived navigability was measured using CTA protocol, CSUQ, and a Lostness calculation. Using standardised theoretical design protocols, a high rate of navigability was perceived for the first iteration of the website. By applying the feedback from the user test, adequate changes such as improved error messages and improved structural navigation could be made which improved the navigability further. This study underscores the importance of accessibility and customisation tailored to the intended customers' requisites. The main conclusion made in this study was that even though standard design protocols are followed, minor details such as buttons that are difficult to click or vague error messages, can significantly hinder navigation. / Konsumenttrenden mot hållbara inköpsvanor online har ökat på grund av klädindustrins miljöpåverkan. Trots att andrahandsmarknaden på nätet är ett populärt alternativ för vissa konsumenter, undviks den ofta på grund av en alltför besvärlig upplevelse. Syftet med denna studie var att ge en grund för att skapa en navigerbar webbplats för studenter i sammanhanget av second hand-shopping. Forskningen utfördes genom en kombination av enkäter, användartester och dataanalys. Uppfattad navigerbarhet mättes med hjälp av CTA-protokoll, CSUQ och en "Lostness" -beräkning. Med hjälp av standardiserade designteorier kunde en hög navigerbarhet upplevas i den första iterationen av webbplatsen. Genom att tillämpa feedback från användartesten kunde lämpliga ändringar så som förbättrade felmeddelanden och förbättrad navigeringsstrukturgenomföras som ytterligare förbättrade navigerbarheten. Resultaten i denna studie understryker vikten av tillgänglighet och anpassning vilken är skräddarsydd efter avsedda kundernas krav. Den huvudsakliga slutsatsen dragen i studien var att även om standardiserade designprotokoll följs kan mindre detaljer som svårtryckta knappar och vaga felmeddelanden markant hindra navigeringen.

A market survey conducted at Linköping University showed that there is a great need for an online marketplace for used course literature. A majority of the survey participants found it difficult to find a counterparty when purchasing or selling used course literature and found the process complicated and time consuming. This laid the foundation for the work in this report which aim is to develop an online marketplace for used course literature with good usability and navigability for student course literature. Usability was evaluated with respect to number of clicks and subjective experience. Navigability was evaluated with respect to time and page views. The result of the study showed that the navigation bar is a critical component for navigability. The navigation bar should be placed at the top of the website and be visible from every subsite. Furthermore, the links with the highest impact were placed as high up as possible and they changed colour when the user hovered over them. The web application’s links and their placement, semantics and design were shown to have a large effect on usability and navigability. The links together with the navigation bar forms a global navigation system which facilitated the navigation for the user. The results also showed that notifications and feedback should be minimal and relevant to the user. / En marknadsundersökning vid Linköpings Universitet visade på att det finns ett stort behov av en marknadsplats online för begagnad kurslitteratur. En majoritet av respondenterna upplevde att de hade svårt att hitta en motpart vid köp och försäljning av begagnad kurslitteratur samt att det är krångligt och tidskrävande. Detta lade grunden till arbetet i denna rapport med syftet att utveckla en digital marknadsplats för begagnad studentlitteratur med god användbarhet och navigerbarhet. Användbarhet undersöktes med avseende på antal klick och subjektivupplevelse. Navigerbarhet utvärderades med hänsyn till tid och sidvisningar. Studiens resultat visade bland annat på att navigationsbaren är en kritisk komponent för navigerbarhet. Navigationsbaren ska placeras högt upp och ska vara synlig på varje undersida. Vidare placerades de viktigaste länkarna högt upp och de ändrade färg när användaren hovrade över dem. Länkarna med dess placering, semantik och design visade sig vara av betydelse för användbarhet och navigerbarhet. Länkarna tillsammans med navigationsbaren bildade ett globalt navigationsystem som underlättade navigeringen för användaren. Resultatet visade ̈aven att notifikationer och feedback ska vara minimal och relevant för användaren.

Este trabalho aborda o estudo de um sistema de referência inercial de posição e atitude e um sistema de controle para um helicóptero autônomo utilizando, como base para formulação e testes, o modelo linearizado da aeronave Yamaha R-MAX. Um sistema de referência inercial (INS) e um sistema de referência de atitude e orientação (AHRS) são utilizados para estimar a posição e atitude da aeronave, e estimadores robustos baseados no filtro de Kalman são empregados para minimizar os efeitos de incertezas paramétricas. É utilizada uma estratégia de controle em cascata com três malhas consistindo de uma malha interna para garantir a estabilidade do helicóptero (são utilizadas as técnicas LQR e H \'INFINITO\', separadamente), uma malha intermediária baseada em linearização por realimentação (FLC) para desacoplar os pares entrada/saída e uma malha externa baseada em um controlador proporcional-derivativo (PD) para permitir o rastreamento da trajetória. Resultados de simulação são apresentados para avaliar o desempenho de cada abordagem. / This work concerns the study of an inertial reference system and a control system for an autonomous helicopter using, as basis for the formulation and testing, the linearized mo del of the aircraft Yamaha R-MAX. An inertial navigation system (INS) and an attitude and orientation reference system (AHRS) are used to estimate the position and attitude of the aircraft and robust estimators based on Kalman filter are employed to minimize the effects of parametric uncertainties. A cascaded control architecture with three control methodologies is used, consisting of an inner-loop to ensure stability of the helicopter (the LQR and H \'INFINITE\' techniques are used, separately), a mid-loop based on linearization feedback (FLC) to decouple the dynamics ofthe lateral, longitudinal, vertical and heading axes and an outer-loop based on a proportional-derivative (PD) controller to enable trajectory tracking. Simulation results are presented to evaluate the performance of each approach.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Marcos Ficiano.pdf: 5036119 bytes, checksum: cb709e617e65237763b790ae354cf962 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-25 / The research work - which is characterized by the intervention - aims to understand and analyze the overall process of building an interface to the Moodle Learning Management System, assuming the combination of three elements: navigability, usability and architecture information seeking to encourage learning, which demonstrates the process of building the interface to highlight the importance of multidisciplinary work. The project addresses the Distance Education and the concept, characteristics and possibilities of interactivity of AVAs, with a brief mention of multimedia, the Internet and its history. Speaks of computer languages, programming techniques, classification of languages, types of software, models of virtual environments and web-based methodologies to software development, based on the approach to systems design. This is the Moodle platform, with its technological potential, examining the process of customizing the platform with an corporate course, in which greater navigability and usability have been taken as the base. And finish the job search when he observes the product built under the light of the concepts and theories studied, and how to apply these principles could be confirmed in promoting effective learning. Research has shown that both teachers and students are benefited by participating in classes to distance learning in virtual environments, while it is well structured, in that they enable the development of critical thinking, practical reasoning, ease of interaction, collaboration and socializing / O trabalho de pesquisa realizado - que tem por característica a intervenção -, tem como objetivo geral conhecer e analisar o processo de construção de uma interface para o Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem Moodle, partindo do pressuposto da articulação de três elementos: navegabilidade, usabilidade e arquitetura da informação em busca de favorecer a aprendizagem, que demonstra o processo de construção da interface com o destaque da importância do trabalho multidisciplinar. O projeto aborda a Educação a Distância e o conceito, características e possibilidades de interatividade dos AVAs, com uma breve referência da multimídia, da Internet e sua história. Fala das linguagens de computação, técnicas de programação, classificações das linguagens, tipos de softwares, modelos de ambientes virtuais baseados na web e metodologias utilizadas para o desenvolvimento de softwares, com base na abordagem de concepção de sistemas. Trata da plataforma Moodle, com suas potencialidades tecnológicas, com a análise do processo de customização da plataforma com um curso corporativo, em que uma maior navegabilidade e usabilidade foram tidas como base. E termina o trabalho de pesquisa quando observa o produto construído sob a luz dos conceitos e teorias estudados, e de que maneira a aplicação desses princípios puderam ser confirmados na promoção efetiva da aprendizagem. A pesquisa mostrou que tanto os professores como os alunos são beneficiados ao participarem de aulas a distância em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, quando este se encontra bem estruturado, na medida em que estes possibilitam o desenvolvimento de espírito crítico, a prática de raciocínio, facilidade de interação, colaboração e socialização

Este trabalho aborda o estudo de um sistema de referência inercial de posição e atitude e um sistema de controle para um helicóptero autônomo utilizando, como base para formulação e testes, o modelo linearizado da aeronave Yamaha R-MAX. Um sistema de referência inercial (INS) e um sistema de referência de atitude e orientação (AHRS) são utilizados para estimar a posição e atitude da aeronave, e estimadores robustos baseados no filtro de Kalman são empregados para minimizar os efeitos de incertezas paramétricas. É utilizada uma estratégia de controle em cascata com três malhas consistindo de uma malha interna para garantir a estabilidade do helicóptero (são utilizadas as técnicas LQR e H \'INFINITO\', separadamente), uma malha intermediária baseada em linearização por realimentação (FLC) para desacoplar os pares entrada/saída e uma malha externa baseada em um controlador proporcional-derivativo (PD) para permitir o rastreamento da trajetória. Resultados de simulação são apresentados para avaliar o desempenho de cada abordagem. / This work concerns the study of an inertial reference system and a control system for an autonomous helicopter using, as basis for the formulation and testing, the linearized mo del of the aircraft Yamaha R-MAX. An inertial navigation system (INS) and an attitude and orientation reference system (AHRS) are used to estimate the position and attitude of the aircraft and robust estimators based on Kalman filter are employed to minimize the effects of parametric uncertainties. A cascaded control architecture with three control methodologies is used, consisting of an inner-loop to ensure stability of the helicopter (the LQR and H \'INFINITE\' techniques are used, separately), a mid-loop based on linearization feedback (FLC) to decouple the dynamics ofthe lateral, longitudinal, vertical and heading axes and an outer-loop based on a proportional-derivative (PD) controller to enable trajectory tracking. Simulation results are presented to evaluate the performance of each approach.