Advance directives in Canada are instructions made by capable adults that pertain to future healthcare treatment choices at a time of incapacity. My experience as an ethicist working in an Ontario long-term care facility that provides medical treatment to patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia portrays a range of important ethical concerns that arise out of the use of advance directives, at least in terms of their current use. In this thesis I analyze composite case studies to identify the more prominent challenges that exist and I turn to the literature to seek ways to more clearly understand these problems and to determine if they can be overcome. What I conclude is that the use of advance directives with the Alzheimer’s Dementia population in long-term care, as it is currently used, is fraught with problems that are mainly irresolvable. I offer clinical and policy recommendations that are aligned with this view.

Advance directives in Canada are instructions made by capable adults that pertain to future healthcare treatment choices at a time of incapacity. My experience as an ethicist working in an Ontario long-term care facility that provides medical treatment to patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia portrays a range of important ethical concerns that arise out of the use of advance directives, at least in terms of their current use. In this thesis I analyze composite case studies to identify the more prominent challenges that exist and I turn to the literature to seek ways to more clearly understand these problems and to determine if they can be overcome. What I conclude is that the use of advance directives with the Alzheimer’s Dementia population in long-term care, as it is currently used, is fraught with problems that are mainly irresolvable. I offer clinical and policy recommendations that are aligned with this view.

本文主要探討組織內部成員公平認知與組織承諾之間的關係。本文以保安警察第一總隊警察替代役男為研究對象，第一部份在探討警察替代役男對現行服役機關的公平認知及組織承諾的認知分析；第二部分在瞭解警察替代役役男不同的背景對於公平認知與組織承諾的差異情形；第三部份為探討警察替代役役男公平認知與組織承諾的相關性；第四部分以公平認知的各構面為依變項，來預測組織承諾及其構面，最後根據研究結果，提出研究建議，以供警察替代役男管理上之參考。 本文以問卷調查的方式，是以保一總隊的全體替代役男為研究母體共1646人，抽樣方式採取多階段隨機抽樣法，把保一總隊替代役役男服勤駐地編制分為三大單位14個服勤處所，依據每個處所的人數佔總員額比例，來規劃每一處所所需要隨機抽樣的樣本數，之後在每個層級中，再以簡單隨機抽樣的方式，來取得所需樣本，本研究問卷發放對象為保一總隊警察替代役役男，總樣本數505人；有效回收問卷總共449份，無效回收問卷共56份，有效樣本回收率88.9％。本研究使用SPSS 10.0中文版進，運用描述性統計、單因子變異數分析（one-way ANOVA）與薛費法事後比較（Scheffe）、皮爾森積差相關係數、多元（複）迴歸分析統計方式進行量化資料分析。 本研究經統計分析後，重要的研究結果如下：警察替代役役男對於組織公平具有中上程度以上的認同感。警察替代役役男對於組織承諾具有中上程度以上的認同感。個人背景變項對於組織公平及組織承諾具有顯著性差異獲得部分支持。公平認知及其構面與組織承諾及其構面均具有相關性。公平認知及其構面對組織承諾有預測力。 / This research study mainly focuses on investigating the relationship between the impartiality cognition and the organization commitment of the intra-organization members. With the substitute police military service personnel of the Special Police First Headquarters as the study population, the first part is the investigation of the analysis on the substitute police military service personnel’s cognitions about the impartiality and organizational commitment of the current military service agency; the second part is the understanding of the discrepancies in the impartiality cognition and organizational commitment for the substitute police military service personnel with different backgrounds; the third part is the investigation of the correlation between the impartiality cognition and organizational commitment for the substitute police military service personnel; and the fourth part is the prediction of the organizational commitment and dimensions with each dimension of the impartiality cognition as the variable. In conclusion, research propositions will be presented based on the research results for providing the references to the management of the substitute police military service personnel. This research paper employs 1646 substitute police military service personnel of the Special Police First Headquarters as the main study population by applying the questionnaire survey method. The sampling method adopts the multiple-phase random sampling method to categorize the service locations of the substitute police military service personnel of the Special Police First Headquarters into three main units and fourteen service stations. Based on the ratio attributed by each station’s service personnel population in the overall service population, the sample size required for the random sampling of each station can be planned. Afterwards, the required samples can be acquired through the simple random sampling method at each level. The study questionnaires were distributed to the substitute police military service personnel of the Special Police First Headquarters as the target population. The total sample size was 505 individuals. The total number of valid returned questionnaires was 449 questionnaires, while there were 56 invalid returned questionnaires, with a valid return rate of 88.9％. This research study applied the Chinese version of SPSS 10.0 to conduct the applications of Descriptive Statistical Analysis, One-way ANOVA Analysis, Scheffe Post-Hoc Comparison, Pearson Product-moment Correlation, and Multiple Regression Statistical Analysis to proceed with the quantitative data analysis. Significant research results are as the followings upon the completion of the statistical analysis: Substitute police military service personnel exhibited a medium/high level of identification with the organizational impartiality and commitment. Significant discrepancies in the impartiality cognition and organizational commitment for the substitute police military service personnel with variations in individual backgrounds received partial substantiation. The impartiality cognition and dimensions and organizational commitment and dimensions are all correlated. The impartiality cognition and dimensions exhibited the predictive power toward the organizational commitment.

Bakgrunn: I helsesektorener det mange pleiere som arbeider ufrivillig deltid, noe som gjør at de ikke får forutsigbar inntekt og arbeidstid. En bemanningsenhet kan være et virkemiddel for å redusere omfanget av ufrvillig deltid. Hensikt: Studiens hensikt er å få kunnskap om hvilke faktorer som er viktige for at en bemanningsenhet skal kunne være en god og varig arbeidsplass for pleiereog samtidig gi tjenester av god kvalitet. Metode: Utvalget bestod av 14 pleiere som hadde arbeidet i en bemanningsenhet i syv til atten måneder. Datainnsamlingen ble hovedsakelig foretatt gjennom tre fokusgruppeintervjuer, og datamaterialet ble analysert ved metoden kvalitativ innholdsanalyse. Resultat: Tre kategorier ble identifisert og beskrevet: Organisering og kultur, Helsefremmende arbeidsplasser og Medarbeidernes kvalifikasjoner. Konklusjon: Studien viser at full fast stilling er en grunnleggende forutsetning for å rekruttere ansatte til bemanningsenheter. For å beholde de ansatte, er det viktig med systematisk og strukturert opplæring og vedlikehold og utvikling av kompetanse. Tydelig ledelse som skaper helsefremmende arbeidsplasser ved å legge til rette for mestring, anerkjennelse og tilhørighet er viktig for å beholde pleierne, og for at de skal gi tjenester av god kvalitet. De ansattes mestringsressurser og personlige egenskaper ser ut til å ha en betydning / Background: In healthcare manyc aregivers work part-time involuntarily, resulting in unpredictable income and work schedule. A staffing unit could providean efficient tool for reducingthe scope of involuntary work. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the important factors in supporting a good staffing unit and full-time work for caregivers while simultaneously providing quality services. Method: We recruited 14 caregivers,who had worked ina staffing unit for 7-18 months, to participate inthree focus-group interviews. We reviewed all data using qualitative content analysis. Result: We identified and describedthree categories: organization and culture, health promoting work places, and the qualifications of the employees. Conclusion: Our results show that a full-timeposition is a basic requirement for recruitment to staffing units. Retaining employees requires systematic and structured training as well as skill development and maintenance. Management should promote a healthy workplace by facilitating coping skills and recognizing achievement, ambition, and affiliation. Such promotion ensures careg ivers’ ability to provide quality care. The employees’ coping resources and personal skills appear to be significant. / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-94-2</p>

This diploma thesis is focused on psychosocial issues related to vulnerable and lonely children, especially with regard to the threat of emotional deprivation. Theoretical part provides definitions of key terms, such as child needs, upbringing, family and its background, psychological deprivation and its consequences; substitute family care, socialization, etc. The aim of theoretical part is to outline development and education of children in out-of-home care facilities in comparison with the care of child in its own family environment. These differences have been analyzed in the research part of the work. The main goal was to contact several involved experts and learn their approaches and opinions regarding the vulnerable children situation in the Czech Republic, which has been facing these issues. Semistructured interview conducted by me with the above experts was focused mostly on asking questions regarding existing {\clqq}imperfections`` in the Family Code and Act on social & legal protection of children, as amended, to highlight the indicators which have negative impacts on successful psychosocial development of children. To provide better picture of the researched issue, the work is complemented by the casuistics of a family with adopted child.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:27:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaVFGM_TESE.pdf: 823884 bytes, checksum: 709ecb01c379e81f48ae9864b78aa7b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to evaluate the development of the stomach compartments of 24 Holstein of 5 days of the life crossbred SPRD distributed in a completely randomized design with three ( 03 ) treatments and eight ( 08 ) repetitions : whole milk ( control), 50 % milk + 50 % cheese whey in nature; 30 % + 70 % of colostrum whey in nature . The animals had at their disposal branny commercial concentrate for calves, grass hay ( Cynodon sp . ) and water ad libitum from birth until weaning at 60 days of age . After slaughter and evisceration became the ligation of the caudal portion of the esophagus with the cardia, the cranial duodenum to the pyloric sphincter, the reticulo- omasal orifice as well as the hole omasum - abomasum, so proceed to the biometric study. The organs were weighed cavity with content, and then then emptied and weighed again, registering, so the full and empty weights, respectively. We assessed absolute and relative weight of the four stomach compartments. Retired fragments of approximately one square centimeter (1cm2) of the four regions of the rumen. Papillae were observed of the four portions of the rumen: lobby ruminal dorsal sac, sac caudal- dorsal and ventral blind sac, and these regions were measured heights of the papillae. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and mean comparison test. The weights of stomachs were not influenced by the levels of nutritional liquid diets. The substitutes fresh cheese whey and colostrum in nature can be used as food since animals have access to solid food / Objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento dos compartimentos estômacais de 24 bezerros com 5 dias de vida mestiços de Holandês distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três (03) tratamentos e oito (08) repetições: leite integral (controle); 50% leite integral + 50% de soro de queijo in natura; 30% colostro + 70% de soro de queijo in natura. Os animais tiveram à sua disposição concentrado farelado comercial para bezerros, feno de Tifton (Cynodon sp.) e água ad libitum desde o nascimento até o desmame, que ocorreu aos 60 dias de idade. Após o abate e a evisceração fez-se a ligadura da porção caudal do esôfago com o cárdia, da cranial do duodeno com o esfíncter pilórico, do orifício retículo-omasal assim como também do orifício omaso-abomasal, para se proceder ao estudo biométrico. Os órgãos cavitários foram pesados com conteúdo, e logo em seguida, esvaziados e novamente pesados, registrando-se, portanto os pesos cheios e vazios, respectivamente. Foram avaliados peso absoluto e relativo dos quatro compartimentos estomacais. Retiraram-se fragmentos de aproximadamente um centímetro quadrado (1cm2) nos quais foram observadas papilas das quatro porções do rúmen: átrio ruminal, saco dorsal, saco ventral e saco caudal e nestas regiões foram medidas as alturas das papilas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de comparação de médias. Os pesos dos estômagos não foram influenciados pelos níveis nutricionais das dietas líquidas. Os sucedâneos soro de queijo in natura e colostro in natura podem ser utilizados na alimentação desde que os animais tenham acesso a alimentos sólidos

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:31:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataNL_DISSERT.pdf: 788520 bytes, checksum: 139bd91e569e27e8c84b8e7ce2750b54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to evaluate the performance and yield components of carcass and non-carcass of calves fed whey associated with colostrum feeding of crossbred calves in 60 days, besides conducting the economic analysis of substitution. We used 24 male calves, Holstein x SPRD, distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and eight replicates: Whole milk (control), 50% whole milk + 50% of cheese whey in natura; 30% Colostrum + 70% Serum fresh cheese. The development of the calves was evaluated by weekly weighings and measurements of body withers height, hip height, heart girth and body length. To estimate consumption measurements were made daily consumption of hay and concentrate offered by the method / spare. The animals were slaughtered at 60 days, where measures were taken for pH and temperature at slaughter and after 24 hours. Were also parameters for carcass and non-carcass components. The evaluation consisted of calculating economic performance indicators of costs and revenues, and measures of economic outcomes. All variables were tested with mean comparison Tukey, 5% probability. The weekly intake of total dry matter intake, weight gain and body measurements evaluated did not differ between treatments (P> 0.05). There were no significant differences (P> 0.05) between treatments for the variables of carcass traits and non-carcass components. The treatment containing 70% whey + 30% of colostrum had additional income of R$ 126,86 and this was mainly attributable to spending on a liquid diet. The results show that the substitution of milk for cheese whey shown a very feasible alternative, associate it with colostrum enable further expand its potential use / O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho e rendimento dos componentes de carcaça e não carcaça de bezerros recebendo soro de queijo associado ao colostro no aleitamento de bezerros mestiços aos 60 dias, além da realização da análise econômica dessa substituição. Foram utilizados 24 bezerros machos, Holandês x SPRD, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e oito repetições: Leite integral (Controle); 50% Leite integral + 50% de Soro de queijo in natura; 30% Colostro + 70% de Soro de queijoin natura.O desenvolvimento dos bezerros foi avaliado através de pesagens semanais e mensurações corporais dealtura de cernelha, altura de garupa, perímetro torácico e comprimento do corpo. Para a estimativa de consumo foram feitas medições diárias de consumo de feno e concentrado pelo método oferta/sobra. Os animais foram abatidos aos 60 dias, onde foram tomados as medidas de pH e temperatura ao abate e após 24 horas. Foram também parâmetros relativos ao rendimento de carcaça e dos componentes não-carcaça. A avaliação de desempenho econômico constou do cálculo de indicadores de custos e receitas, e de medidas de resultados econômicos. Todas as variáveis foram submetidas ao teste de comparação de médias Tukey, 5% de probabilidade. O consumo semanal de matéria seca total ingerida, o ganho de peso e as medidas corporais avaliadas não apresentaram diferenças entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos para as variáveis de características de carcaças e componentes não-carcaça. O tratamento que continha 70% de soro de queijo + 30% de colostro apresentou lucro adicional de R$ 126,86, fato este principalmente atribuído aos gastos com dieta líquida. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a substituição do leite integral por soro de queijo se mostra uma alternativa bastante viável, associá-lo ao colostro permiti ampliar ainda mais seu potencial de utilização

1 Abstract I wrote my thesis on "The New Trends in Foster Care". My work aimed to find out the opinions of foster parents on the chase of the alternative family care system which was formed by the amendment of the Act on social and legal protection of children in 2013. In the theoretical part, I was dealing with the changes that occurred in the amendment, I characterized variol forms of alternative family care and I described the preparation of foster parents and applicants. In the practical part, I described a survey which, after the evaluation, pointed out to the issue of foster care after its amendment in 2013, from the point of view of foster parents. By this survey the information on satisfaction with changes to the current alternative family care system, on the need for foster care for a transitional period, and also information on co-operation with social workers was received.

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / In the recent decision in Kellerman v South African Transport Services 1993 4 SA 872 (C) a claim for the loss of the use of a thing not utilised in the production of income was apparently allowed for the first time in South African law. A number of strict requirements were however set for such a claim. For a considerable time a claim has been recognised in English and German law even where a substitute was not hired and where the article was used for pleasure purposes. It is submitted that this should also be the position in South African law because the loss of the use of a thing per se has an independent value. It is further submitted that the interest on capital value method (as per English law) can be used as starting-point in the determination of quantum. A degree of flexibility is necessary to ensure fairness and equity. / In die onlangse beslissing in Kellerman v South African Transport Services 1993 4 SA 872 (K) is daar klaarblyklik die eerste maal in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg 'n eis om skadevergoeding weens gebruiksverlies van 'n saak wat nie in die produksie van inkomste gebruik is nie erken. Die hof stel egter 'n aantal streng vereistes vir so 'n eis. 'n Eis word al 'n geruime tyd in die Engelse en Duitse reg erken selfs waar 'n substituut nie gehuur is nie en waar sake bloot vir plesierdoeleindes gebruik is. Daar word submitteer dat dit ook die posisie in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg behoort te wees aangesien gebruiksverlies opsigself 'n selfstandige waarde het. Dit word verder aangevoer dat die rente-op-kapitaalwaarde-metode (soos in die Engelse reg) gebruik kan word as 'n uitgangspunt by kwantumbepaling. Ter wille van redelikheid en billikheid behoort die maatstaf 'n mate van buigsaamheid te he. / Private Law / LL. M.

This thesis is concerned by the problems of foster care from the view of Christian ethics. It presents interpretation of marriage and family in the Bible, in Christian tradition and at present. It deals with the conception of foster care from history to contemporary form and its valid laws of the Czech Republic. It touches on ethical issues related to foster care. It shows the basic Christian principles, which justify the foster care, however the discussion about its specific shape and form is possible.