Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:47:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2556452 bytes, checksum: d5563353a41b374f1b598abd2f574cf3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-04 / Corneal conditions are among the main causes of blindness in both humans and animals. Many surgical techniques are described to recover the cornea s physical structure and refractive state; among them is the use of different types of biomaterials. Due to the cornea s transparency, viscoelasticity and lack of vessels, biomaterials to be applied on them must undergo a careful selection. Bacterial cellulose (BC) and polycaprolactone (PCL) are two well known biomaterials, studied extensively in separate. The purpose of the present study was to produce and characterize membranes made of BC and PCL to be tested as corneal tissue substitutes in rabbit s cornea. Membranes of BC were produced through static culture of the bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Membranes were then washed, dried and swelled in acetone for 48 hours, followed by immersion in 25ml of 3% PCL solution for 72 hours. Next, membranes of the BC/PCL composite underwent several washes in acetone and were then dried to be characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, thermal and mechanical trials and luminous transmittance. In vivo study was conducted with the BC/PCL composite and with pure BC to evaluate their interactions with corneal tissue. At first, membranes were cut in 8mm diameter to be then applied in corneal tisse. Thirty six female rabbits were separated in three groups of 12 animals each. An ulcer of 5mm in diameter and 0.2mm in depth was created on the right cornea of all rabbits. From the base of the ulcer, the stroma was separated creating an interlamellar pocket, and each group of 12 animals received 8mm diameter BC/PCL composite membrane and the other group received BC membranes on the same size, both adjusted in the pocket. The last group did not receive any membrane, used as the control. Animals were followed for 45 days, where clinical evaluations for signs of pain and inflammation were conducted. Three animals of each group were euthanized on days 3, 7, 21 and 45 after surgery to collect samples for histology (HE and Picrosirius) and SEM. BC/PCL presented 84% of light transmission while pure BC presented 45%. Lower tension resistance and Young s module was observed on the composite compared to pure BC, while the composite presented greater elongation at rupture what demonstrates a greater viscoelasticity of this material. Eyes that received membranes presented moderate inflammation until 30 days after surgery, decreasing progressively until 45 days. Histology revealed the presence of lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate at 21 and 45 days in implanted groups, at a moderate intensity, as well as giant cells, suggesting chronic inflammatory and foreign body reactions. Fibroplasia was observed around the membranes, a positive sign of biocompatibility. Epithelization was complete only in control group, what shows that membranes surfaces did not allow epithelium growth and maintenance. Picrosirius staining showed a greater proportion of type III collagen at the end of 45 days in both implanted groups, suggesting that the repair process around the membranes was incomplete. SEM showed extracellular matrix and cells adhered to implant surfaces, suggesting integration at 45 days. Both membranes made of BC/PCL composite and BC alone stimulated chronic inflammatory and foreign body reactions and did not allow complete epithelization on their surfaces. Based on these conclusions, we believe that implants made of BC/PCL and BC using the here presented process are not indicated as a substitute for corneal tissue in rabbits. / As afecções corneais representam uma das principais causas de cegueira tanto em humanos como em animais. São descritas várias técnicas cirúrgicas para recuperar a estrutura física e o estado refrativo da córnea, dentre essas, encontra-se a aplicação de diferentes tipos de biomateriais. Devido à transparência, à falta de vasos e à viscoelasticidade que a córnea apresenta, os biomateriais para nela serem aplicados devem passar por criteriosa seleção. A celulose bacteriana (CB) e a policaprolactona (PCL) são dois consagrados biomateriais, bastante estudados isoladamente. Foi proposto, neste estudo, a produção e a caracterização de membranas à base de CB e de PCL para serem testadas como substituto tecidual em córneas de coelhos. Membranas de CB foram produzidas por meio do cultivo estático da bactéria Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Após serem lavadas e secas, as membranas foram intumescidas em acetona por 48 horas e então imersas em 25 ml de solução a 3% de PCL diluída em acetona durante 72 horas. Na sequência, as membranas do compósito CB/PCL passaram por repetidas lavagens em acetona, e foram secas para serem caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), difração de raio-X, ensaios térmico e mecânico e transmissão óptica. Foi realizado o estudo in vivo com membranas do compósito CB/PCL e da CB pura para avaliar suas interações com o tecido corneal. Inicialmente elas foram cortadas em 8 mm de diâmetro para então serem implantadas nas córneas dos animais. Foram utilizadas 36 coelhas divididas em três grupos de 12 animais. Foi criada uma úlcera de 5 mm de diâmetro e 0,2 mm de profundidade na córnea direita de todos os animais. A partir da base da úlcera o estroma foi separado, criando-se um bolso interlamelar, sendo que um grupo recebeu membranas do compósito CB/PCL e outro grupo recebeu membranas da CB, que foram ajustadas dentro do bolso. O último grupo não recebeu tratamento sendo utilizado como controle. Os animais foram acompanhados por até 45 dias, sendo feitas avaliações clínicas para os sinais de dor e inflamação. Três animais de cada grupo foram eutanasiados aos três, sete, 21 e 45 dias após a cirurgia, para coleta de amostras para análises histológicas (HE e Picrosirius) e MEV. O compósito CB/PCL apresentou 84% de transmissão de luz, enquanto que a CB pura apresentou 65%. Houve redução da resistência à tração e do módulo de Young do compósito CB/PCL em relação à CB pura. Em contrapartida, o compósito apresentou aumento na ruptura ao alongamento, demonstrando incremento na elasticidade do material. Os olhos que receberam implantes apresentaram inflamação moderada até os 30 dias de pós-operatório, reduzindo progressivamente até os 45 dias da cirurgia. A análise histológica demonstrou, aos 21 e aos 45 dias, presença de infiltrado inflamatório linfo-histiocitário em intensidade moderada e células gigantes nos animais implantados, sugerindo resposta inflamatória persistente e do tipo corpo estranho. Também foi observada fibroplasia em torno das membranas, sendo este um sinal positivo de biocompatibilidade. A epitelização foi completa somente no grupo controle, demonstrando que as superfícies das membranas não permitiram o crescimento e manutenção do epitélio. Pela coloração de Picrosirius, evidenciou-se maior proporção do colágeno tipo III ao final dos 45 dias nos grupos com implantes, sugerindo que o processo de reparação em torno das membranas estava incompleto. A MEV demonstrou matriz extracelular e células aderidas às superfícies dos implantes, sinalizando integração no período de 45 dias. As membranas tanto do compósito CB/PCL como da CB incitaram resposta inflamatória crônica e de corpo estranho, e não permitiram a completa epitelização sobre suas superfícies. Baseado nisso, acredita-se que os implantes CB/PCL e CB, da maneira como foram desenvolvidos, não devem ser indicados para substituir o tecido corneal de coelhos.

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Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2016-09-05T20:04:15Z (GMT) / Submitted by RODRIGO DOS SANTOS PEREIRA null (rd2502@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-13T00:17:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Rodrigo.pdf: 108582918 bytes, checksum: 2c7b303850ee3479eadff15a0275764a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-13T14:30:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_rs_dr_arafo.pdf: 108582918 bytes, checksum: 2c7b303850ee3479eadff15a0275764a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T14:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_rs_dr_arafo.pdf: 108582918 bytes, checksum: 2c7b303850ee3479eadff15a0275764a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A deficiência óssea vertical do seio maxilar impossibilita a instalação de implantes dentais necessários para a reabilitação protética contudo, técnicas cirúrgicas para a elevação da membrana sinusal e o uso dos biomateriais para enxertia óssea permitiram alterar esta condição. O ósseo autógeno é considerado o mais previsível e o padrão ouro para tal finalidade porém, biomateriais como o vidro bioativo, amplamente utilizado na odontologia, permitem substituí-lo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar formação óssea, o comportamento celular e a taxa de reabsorção do vidro bioativo em 2 proporções: puro (grupo 1); adicionado ao osso autógeno 1:1 (grupo 2), comparando com o osso autógeno (grupo 3) em seios maxilares de humanos. Com 15 dias de operados os pacientes realizaram um tomografia computadorizada (TC) cone beam para determinar o volume inicial do enxerto (T1). Após 6 meses uma nova TC foi realizada determinando o volume ósseo final (T2) e também, a coleta das biópsias com a instalação simultânea de implantes dentais. As amostras foram divididas em 3 áreas: leito, intermediária e apical onde foram avaliadas a histomorfometria e imunomarcações para Runx2, VEGF, osteocalcina e TRAP. No grupo 1 os resultados foram de 42.6%, 44.5% e 48% de formação óssea no leito, intermediária e apical respectivamente. No grupo 2 as taxas encontradas foram de 36.6% no leito, 33.2% na intermediária e 45.8% na apical. No grupo 3 foi de 34.4% para o leito, 35.0 na intermediária e 42.0% na apical. (p>0.05) Os 3 grupos apresentaram-se com comportamento semelhante nas imunomarcações realizadas mostrando estar maturado e calcificado o suficiente para receber implantes dentais. As taxas de reabsorção também mostraram-se semelhantes com 44.2% para o grupo 1, 37.9% para o grupo 2 e 45.7% no grupo 3. (p>0.05) Assim, podemos concluir que o vidro bioativo possui resultados equiparados ao osso autógeno. / Vertical bone deficit due maxillary sinus pneumatization forbid the dental implants placement required for prosthetic rehabilitation however, surgical techniques to elevate maxillary sinus membrane and studies about biomaterials, allows repair these situation. Autogenous bone graft is considered the most predictable and the gold standard for this nevertheless, biomaterials as bioactive glass, has been widely used in dental surgery and allows substitute it. The aim of this study was evaluate the bone formation, the cellular behavior and the resorption rates of bioactive glass in 2 proportions: pure (group 1); add to autogenous bone graft (group 3), comparing then with autogenous bone graft in human maxillary sinus. Post-operative cone beam computed tomography (CT) was used to measure the initial graft volume after 15 days (T1). Six months later, another CT was performed to evaluate the final graft volume (T2) and determine the graft resorption rate and the harvest of biopsies with dental implants placement simultaneously. The samples were divided in 3 areas: bed, intermediately and apical which were evaluated to histomorphometric and immunostaining to Runx2, VEGF, osteocalcin and TRAP. In group 1 the bone formation were 42.6%, 44.5 and 48.0% for bed, intermediately and apical respectively. In group 2 the rates were 36.6% in bed, 33.2% in intermediately and 45.8% in apical. In group 3 were 34.4% in bed, 35.0% in intermediately and 42.0% in apical. (p>0.05) the 3 groups had the same behavior for the 4 proteins showing be matured and calcified to receive dental implants. The resorption rates were similar for the 3 groups with 44.2% % for group 1, 37.9% for group 2 and 45.7% for group 3. (p>0.05) In conclusion, the bioactive glass is a good substitute to autogenous bone graft in both proportions evaluated.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NaisandraBS_TESE_1-50.pdf: 2251709 bytes, checksum: f894b2d51f4f9a6c372cbd1e00aa233d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-07 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Bacterial cellulose (BC) has a wide range of potential applications, namely as temporary substitute skin in the treatment of skin wounds, such as burns, ulcers and grafts. Surface properties determine the functional response of cells, an important factor for the successful development of biomaterials. This work evaluates the influence of bacterial cellulose surface treatment by plasma (BCP) on the cellular behavior and its genotoxicity potential. The modified surface was produced by plasma discharge in N2 and O2 atmosphere, and the roughness produced by ion bombardment characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cell adhesion, viability and proliferation on BCP were analysed using crystal violet staining and the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) method. Genotoxicity was evaluated using the comet and cytokinesis block micronucleus assay. The results show that the plasma treatment changed surface roughness, producing an ideal cell attachment, evidenced by more elongated cell morphology and improved proliferation. The excellent biocompatibility of BCP was confirmed by genotoxicity tests, which showed no significant DNA damage. The BCP has therefore great potential as a new artificial implant / A celulose bacteriana (CB) ? utilizada, geralmente como uma membrana tempor?ria, na substitui??o de pele lesionada, em feridas, queimaduras, ulcera??es ou como enxerto. Modifica??es em sua superf?cie podem determinar respostas no funcionamento celular dos tecidos adjacentes, influenciando sua biocompatibilidade. Este estudo apresenta a primeira avalia??o da influ?ncia de nanopart?culas de celulose bacteriana e de membranas de celulose bacteriana com superf?cie modificada por plasma (CBP) no comportamento e genotoxicidade celular. Inicialmente, a prolifera??o celular foi avaliada com o teste MTT e danos ao DNA foram avaliados utilizando-se os testes Cometa e Kado, sob a influencia das concentra??es de 0,1; 0,5 e 1,0 mg/ml de nanofibras de CB em contato com fibroblastos 3T3 e c?lulas CHO-K1. Os resultados obtidos nessas an?lises revelaram que a prolifera??o celular, para os dois tipos de c?lulas, foi cerca de 15-20% menor na presen?a de NFs, ap?s 72h de cultivo celular, independentemente da concentra??o utilizada, estas tamb?m n?o promoveram dano significativo ao DNA. Em um segundo trabalho, membranas de celulose bacteriana foram submetidas ao plasma em atmosfera contendo 70%N2 e 30% de O2. Posteriormente foram caracterizadas por MEV e AFM e submetidas aos ensaios cometa, micron?cleo, de ades?o e prolifera??o celular. Os resultados revelaram que o plasma modificou a superf?cie da CBP produzindo uma rugosidade de aproximadamente 70? 5,1 nm. Na CBP, as c?lulas tornaram-se mais alongadas com prolifera??o maior, provavelmente, influenciadas pelo aumento da rugosidade da superf?cie. A nova superf?cie gerada tamb?m n?o foi xii genot?xica. Face ao exposto, este estudo gerou um novo biomaterial que pode ser testado in vivo com futuro potencial para implante artificial

Children{\crq}s home is a facility where children whose parents cannot or will not care for them are placed. It provides care whose purpose is to ensure everything a child needs for good development in an environment that tries to be as close as possible to a family. Children are placed in a children{\crq}s home mostly on the basis on a court ruling. A child{\crq}s social situation is, in the context of the work, understood as a situation and circumstances when it is necessary to provide a child with protection or help based on the act on social and legal protection of children, in particular situations that lead to the ordering of institutional care. The aim of this work is to map in more detail what role a children{\crq}s home plays when dealing with a child{\crq}s social situation. The data were obtained as a part of quantitative research whose aim was to verify or refute the set hypotheses. The method of asking questions, interview technique, was chosen for data gathering. Three hypotheses were set as a part of the research part.

En relativt vedertagen idé inom det samhällsvetenskapliga forskningsfält som berör tillit och medborgarnormer är att båda dessa koncept är positivt förgrenade i det som kommit att kallas socialt kapital. Detta kommuntarianska perspektiv främjar föreställningen om att tillit både behövs för, och förstärks genom socialt- och politiskt deltagande i nätverk vilket i sig förväntas reflekteras i delade obligationer och förväntningar på andra och sig själv; en uppsättning medborgarnormer. En sådan förutsättning gör det svårt att använda detta perspektiv för att förklara ett obefintligt, eller till och med negativt samband mellan tillit och medborgar-normer. Inte desto mindre har sådana samband uppdagats i samhällsvetenskaplig forskning inom området. Denna studie ämnar undersöka relationen mellan generaliserad tillit, institutionell tillit och medborgarnormer inom den svenska befolkningen. Vidare är ett syfte att förklara hur ett negativt samband mellan generaliserad tillit och medborgarnormer kan behandlas som att tilliten kan ersättas genom fungerande substitut. I denna relation är det även möjligt att institutionell tillit (och de aktörer varpå denna tillit placeras) agerar på ett övervakande och medlande sätt för att legitimisera förväntningarna som medborgarnormerna vilar på. Studiens empiriska resultat visar fynd likt flera föregående studier, nämligen existensen av ett negativt samband mellan generaliserad tillit och medborgarnormer, ett positivt samband mellan institutionell tillit och medborgarnormer samt ett negativt samband mellan generaliserad och institutionell tillit. / A relatively common theoretical notion within the research field concerning trust and norms of citizenship in the social sciences is that both of these concepts are positively related through what is most often called social capital. This particular communitarian perspective encourages the idea that trust is both needed for, and built through networks as well as social- and political participation which should be reflected through a shared sense of obligations and expectations upon one another; a set of citizen norms. The very foundation of such and theoretical basis makes it difficult to use this perspective to explain an absent correlation between trust and norms of citizenship, and even less a negative such correlation. Nonetheless, findings in social scientific research on this matter have sometimes shown an absent or even negative correlation between trust and norms of citizenship. The purpose of this particular study is to evaluate the relationship between generalized trust, institutional trust and norms of citizenship within the swedish population. Furthermore, the aim is to explain how a negative correlation between generalized trust and norms of citizenship is possible to be understood as a compensation of trust through the means of substitutes. In this discussion, the relevance of institutional trust comes in to light as a means of legitimizing the accountability within the norms of citizenship as expectations on "good citizens". Conclusively, the empirical findings show results similar to what has been presented in some earlier research articles, namely the existence of a negative correlation between generalized trust and norms of citizenship, a positive correlation between institutional trust and norms of citizenship and finally a negative relationship between generalized and institutional trust.

Ces travaux visent à évaluer la possibilité technique, la performance énergétique et la compétitivité économique d'un procédé Power-to-SNG dans le contexte actuel et à déterminer si la réversibilité en mode Gas-to-Power est pertinente tant énergétiquement qu'économiquement, ce type de procédé étant proposé comme une solution à l'intégration des ressources renouvelables dans le mix énergétique. Les grandes étapes identifiées pour le procédé Power-to-SNG sont l'électrolyse de l'eau pour la production d'hydrogène, l'hydrogénation du dioxyde de carbone pour la production de méthane et une étape de mise aux spécifications pour satisfaire aux exigences de composition pour l'injection sur le réseau de gaz naturel. La technologie retenue pour l'électrolyse est celle des cellules à oxydes solides SOEC s'appliquant à la vapeur d'eau. L'étude énergétique du procédé Power-to-SNG réalisée par simulation avec ProsimPlus 3 montre que le couplage thermique entre la méthanation et l'électrolyse de la vapeur d'eau à haute température est pertinent, l'efficacité du procédé atteignant 75,8 % sur PCS. Concernant le procédé Gas-to-Power, il est choisi de fonctionner en pression afin de mettre en œuvre des cycles thermodynamiques complémentaires. Le choix d'alimenter la pile à combustible en hydrogène pur pour des aspects de réversibilité conduit à des limitations sur l'efficacité énergétique du procédé qui, au mieux, vaut 44,6 %. L'analyse économique des procédés Power-to-SNG et réversible est basée sur les résultats de simulations et fait appel à des performances électrochimiques observées lors de travaux expérimentaux sur monocellule avec pour point de fonctionnement un fort taux de conversion à la tension thermoneutre. Cela permet de proposer un coût actualisé du SNG produit par le procédé Power-to-SNG et un coût de l'électricité produite par le procédé réversible en considérant un couple performance électrochimique - valeur de dégradation associée cohérent et en accord avec une conduite industrielle. L'investissement et le coût d'exploitation de ces installations sont importants, conduisant à coût actualisé de l'électricité restituée au réseau électrique élevé, cela étant accentué par l'investissement supplémentaire dû à la fonction Gas-to-Power à l'installation Power-to-SNG. / The present work focuses on a Power-to-SNG process, especially on its energy efficiency and its economic competitiveness in the current context. It also aims at determining if the reversibility with a Gas-to-Power working mode is interesting from energy and financial considerations. The main steps required into a Power-to-SNG process, identified thanks to a review of the state of the art, are steam electrolysis for hydrogen production, followed by methane production thanks to the Sabatier reaction and a final step of gas purification to meet the composition requirements for gas network injection. Here, electrolysis is led into solid oxide cells. Power-to-SNG process simulations, led with ProsimPlus 3, indicate that the thermal coupling between methanation and the generation of steam to feed the electrolyzer is pertinent, the process energy efficiency achieving 75.8%. Concerning the Gas-to-Power process, its solid oxide fuel cell is pressurized to use additional thermodynamic cycles. The fuel cell is fed with pure hydrogen stream due to reversibility considerations, this limiting the energy efficiency, which highest value here is evaluated at 44.6%. The economic analysis includes experimental based data concerning electrochemical performances and degradation. They are obtained on a commercial cell tested at the thermoneutral voltage with a high steam conversion rate, these conditions being close to what can be expected for industrial process. They are used to calculate the levelized cost of the SNG produced by the Power-to-SNG process and the levelized cost of electricity produced by the reverse process. Investment and operating cost of these processes are important, leading to a high levelized cost of electricity. In the conditions of this study, adding the Gas-to-Power working mode to a Power-to-SNG process is not economically pertinent

The rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) (Homoptera: Aphididae) is the most serious pest apple aphid in view of the scale of damages inflicted to the fruits by a small number of individuals. Although numerous natural enemies have been associated with D. plantaginea, they are unable to halt infestations soon enough in most commercial apple orchards obliging fruit growers to control it chemically to prevent severe economic losses. In order to reinforce the contribution of indigenous aphidophaga in regulating rosy apple aphids, the use of insectary plants selected to support two groups of specialist aphid antagonists, notably aphid parasitoids and aphidophagous monovoltine syrphids, was investigated. 1. A first step consisted in selecting appropriate plant species. The rowan tree Sorbus aucuparia L. and the common elder Sambucus nigra L. were selected for their ability to support substitute aphids for the rosy apple aphid parasitoid E. persicae Froggatt (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) and monovotine syrphids (Diptera: Syrphidae) respectively. 2. Next, trials were conducted to induce substitute aphid infestations on their host plants by introducing eggs of Dysaphis sorbi Kaltenbach on rowan and small colonies of Aphis sambuci L. on elder. The resulting aphid populations which developed on their respective host plants in spring proved to be exploited by the natural enemies expected, i.e. E. persicae and monovoltine syrphids of the genus Epistrophe. Besides, diapause mummies of E. persicae and diapausing last-instar Epistrophe larvac were recorded on rowan and in the elder litter respectively, indicating the successful settlement of the antagonists in the orchard environment. A complementary investigation devoted to syrphid adults indicated that females of all species recorded ovipositing on the eider shrubs, including Epistrophe spp. had consumed a large majority of apple pollen grains as a protein source required for egg maturation. 3. To comfort our choice in the two groups of aphidophaga considered, a study dedicated to their respective phenology versus the one of D. plantaginea showed that they could both potentially halt rosy apple aphid infestations by attacking the aphids while the latter still occupied the primary, fundatrix-induced rosette leaf colonies, i.e. a critical moment in rosy apple aphid control. 4. Finally, marking methods were tested to label E. persicae internally and the egg load of gravid syrphids. These trials were intended to pave the way towards future mark-release-recapture experiments aimed to evaluate the antagonists’ activity range and thus strategically position the insectary plants for optimal aphid biological control in the whole orchard. The first step of new approach in the biological control of D. plantaginea has been set with this study. Its originality lies in the induction of economically indifferent aphid infestations on selected plants introduced in the orchard to encourage well-targeted groups of specialist aphid antagonists. Further trials are still needed to validate the field efficacy of the insectary plant systems developed and evaluate their possible integration within the whole array of pest management tools in both organic and integrated apple production. / Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie animale / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Practitioners working with children under three are often marginalised; both in terms of group settings and in terms of being a focus of research (see Manning-Morton, 2006; McDowell-Clark and Baylis, 2012). This research prioritizes the practitioner’s voice by exploring the subject area of personal theory. In this thesis, personal theory is conceptualised as a composite of understandings and experiences including policy, organisational procedures, Early Years literature, training and Continuing Professional Development as well as personal and professional experiences, beliefs, and values. As Stephen and Brown (2004) indicate, particular constructions of care, learning, and children shape what is considered desirable educational practice. Drawing on Aristotle’s intellectual virtue of phronesis, this research’s aim is to understand how practitioners’ personal and professional experiences and understandings contribute to practitioners’ construction of personal theory. Research questions focus on: 1) understanding which relationships are particularly influential, 2) understanding which experiences are particularly influential and 3) identifying key features of practitioners’ personal theories. Case study methodology frames the research design. The research demonstrates that although personal theory is tacit, linking to specific instances of practice enables practitioners to articulate personal constructions of care, learning and children. Findings relate to six key characteristics of practitioners’ personal theories: practice as an ‘Ethic of Care’, practice as pedagogy, practice as ‘subsitute mothering’, practice as distinctive for children aged birth to three years, practice as rooted in experience and practice as emotional activity. Joan Tronto’s (1993, 2013) ‘Ethic of Care’ affords further consideration of personal theory; particularly the contradiction between personal theory that shapes engagements with young children as an ‘Ethic of Care’ and that which shapes engagements as ‘substitute mothering’. The thesis’ discussion highlights how the articulation and discussion of personal theory enables a richer construction of Early Years professionalism and professional identity within Birth to Three settings.

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(in English) Thesis deals with biological children of parents, who have other kids in foster care. These kids are often neglected. In the theoretical part are described and defined terms such as a substitute foster family and its forms, family, siblings. It focuses also on selected foreing researches and contemporary Czech works on this topic. Practical part contains analyzes of interviews with respondents. The main aim was to find out what biological children of their parents in general think of foster care. How they perceive the situation in their own family and how it affects them.