A gestão de fornecedores é uma atividade crítica para a gestão do desempenho de empresas inseridas em redes produtivas. O modelo de segmentação ou portfólio de compras é definido como um processo de separação de fornecedores em grupos em função de diferentes necessidades e características, requerendo diferentes tipos de relacionamentos. Esta técnica tem recebido uma atenção cada vez maior no meio acadêmico e empresarial devido a sua estrutura simples e eficaz na organização de diferentes estratégias de suprimentos. Diferentes propostas de modelos têm sido apresentadas, mas todas com grande presença de variáveis qualitativas. Embora a teoria da lógica fuzzy tenha se demosnstrada adequada no tratamento deste tipo de variável, que tem forte presença de incerteza e imprecisão na coleta e tratamento dos dados, não há na literatura uma investigação de como um sistema de inferência fuzzy poderia ser utilizado em um modelo de portfólio de compras. Desta forma, este trabalho tem por objetivo a proposição de um sistema de inferência fuzzy para auxiliar no processo de tomada de decisão na avaliação e desenvolvimento de fornecedores baseado em modelos de portfolio. Busca-se contribuir com o conhecimento das pesquisas cujo tema envolve a segmentação, avaliação e desenvolvimento de fornecedores. Os procedimentos de pesquisa utilizados no trabalho podem ser agrupados em três partes: pesquisa bibliográfica, desenvolvimento do modelo quantitativo axiomático descritivo e ilustração por meio de duas aplicações práticas. A construção do modelo proposto evidenciou a grande flexibilidade do sistema de inferência, que possibilita modificações nas variáveis e nas bases de regras de acordo com os objetivos estratégicos de suprimentos. As duas aplicações práticas mostraram que os resultados das avaliações e as diretrizes para melhoria foram coerentes com as percepções dos especialistas em gestão de fornecedores das duas empresas. Os sistemas de inferência fuzzy demostraram ser uma alternativa adequada no tratamento das variáveis, em grande parte qualitativas, que compõem as dimensões das matrizes de item comprado e de relacionamento com os fornecedores. / Purchasing and buyer-supplier relationship management have become very critical activities to the performance management of organizations and supply chains. The segmentation or purchase portfolio model is defined as a process of suppliers separation in groups as a function of different needs and characteristics, requiring different kinds of relationships to create value in their exchanges. This approach has received increasing attention in the academic and business due to its simple structure and effective in organizing different suppliers approaches. Different proposals have been presented and all have great use of qualitative variables. Although the theory of fuzzy logic has been developed to the treatment of this type of variable, which has a strong presence of uncertainty and imprecision in the data collection and processing, it couldn´t be found any research exploring how a fuzzy inference system could be used in purchase portfolio models. Thus, this thesis aims to propose a fuzzy inference system to aid the decision making process in the supplier assessment and development based on portfolio models. This research intends to contribute to the segmentation, evaluation and supplier development knowledge. The research procedures used in this study can be grouped into three parts: literature review, development of axiomatic descriptive quantitative model and illustration through two practical applications. The construction of the proposed model showed the great inference system flexibility allows changes in the variables and the rule bases in accordance with the supply strategic objectives. The evaluations results and improvement guidelines in two pratical applicatins were consistent with the supply manager perceptions from both companies. The fuzzy inference systems have shown to be a suitable alternative in the treatment of the variables that make up the dimensions of the purchased itens and supplier relationships matrices.

Competitive forces in today‟s business world are putting firms under pressure to improve quality, delivery performance, and responsiveness while simultaneously reducing cost, which for many companies have resulted in increased outsourcing of activities. Consequently a greater dependency on suppliers‟ performance in terms of quality and delivery service has evolved.Companies are therefore exploring ways to leverage their supply chains, by developing their supply chain structure and continually evaluating the role of suppliers in their activities. As supply chains have evolved, a number of different supply chain structures have emerged, based upon the networks and the level of collaboration between the buyer and supplier. The optimization of a supply chain process has proven to lead inevitably to a growing interdependence among supply chain partners. Treating all suppliers the same is no longer feasible, and a failure to recognize that some suppliers have different needs than others.The research conducted in this thesis was aimed at finding strategies, and approaches of effectively working with supplier relationship management.The empirical study was conducted at Intelbras, a Brazilian electronics manufacturer, which has a large percent of its production outsourced. Intelbras has recently segmented their supply-base into two segments; suppliers of commodity type items and suppliers of critical items. For suppliers of critical items, quality agreements were developed to attend the special needs of selected items.The findings of the research was compared and analyzed with the empirical data, which resulted in a few suggestions of possible future developments for Intelbras.Keywords: Supplier Relationship Management, Strategic Segmentation, Total Cost of Ownership, Buyer-Supplier Cooperation, Quality Agreement / Program: Industriell ekonomi - affärsingenjör

In today global business market, concepts are moving towards inter-national and inter-firm in contrary to older days. This has made companies explore ways to leverage their supply chains, and to evaluate the role of suppliers in their activities. One result has been the increased outsourcing of activities and performance. This has heightened the role of suppliers ever more.Consequently, in order to maintain competitive in the market and to be able to satisfy the knowledgeable end customer, suppliers must be completely aligned with the core company and its objectives and performances. This goal is only gained through strategic benchmarking towards Supplier Development.With a large number of suppliers to deal with, it won’t be feasible to have partnership relationship with each. The strategic approach is to classify them in a manner suitable for the company and only then start from top of the list setting goals for the most prioritized.Before making any attempt in Supplier Relationship Development, the company must start from within setting the right mindset from top down, inside its own ground. Only then Supplier development will be aligned with the objectives of the company and the program will be integrated and successful.This research sought after ways to develop a strategic and systematic method of dealing with suppliers. This guideline was classified as a step by step map of a Supplier Development program. The study was conducted for Volvo Penta Vara Company, and as part of its Supply Chain Development Program. The findings from the company and literature were compared and analyzed and finally guidelines were developed.This report is the last part of the master’s studies in Industrial Engineering-Logistics at University of Borås. It gave us the opportunity to use what we had learnt during the programme. Considering the broadness of the subject we were after, this report meant a lot of work. However, this was the challenge we wanted and an intriguing journey where we learned a lot along the way.

A gestão de fornecedores é uma atividade crítica para a gestão do desempenho de empresas inseridas em redes produtivas. O modelo de segmentação ou portfólio de compras é definido como um processo de separação de fornecedores em grupos em função de diferentes necessidades e características, requerendo diferentes tipos de relacionamentos. Esta técnica tem recebido uma atenção cada vez maior no meio acadêmico e empresarial devido a sua estrutura simples e eficaz na organização de diferentes estratégias de suprimentos. Diferentes propostas de modelos têm sido apresentadas, mas todas com grande presença de variáveis qualitativas. Embora a teoria da lógica fuzzy tenha se demosnstrada adequada no tratamento deste tipo de variável, que tem forte presença de incerteza e imprecisão na coleta e tratamento dos dados, não há na literatura uma investigação de como um sistema de inferência fuzzy poderia ser utilizado em um modelo de portfólio de compras. Desta forma, este trabalho tem por objetivo a proposição de um sistema de inferência fuzzy para auxiliar no processo de tomada de decisão na avaliação e desenvolvimento de fornecedores baseado em modelos de portfolio. Busca-se contribuir com o conhecimento das pesquisas cujo tema envolve a segmentação, avaliação e desenvolvimento de fornecedores. Os procedimentos de pesquisa utilizados no trabalho podem ser agrupados em três partes: pesquisa bibliográfica, desenvolvimento do modelo quantitativo axiomático descritivo e ilustração por meio de duas aplicações práticas. A construção do modelo proposto evidenciou a grande flexibilidade do sistema de inferência, que possibilita modificações nas variáveis e nas bases de regras de acordo com os objetivos estratégicos de suprimentos. As duas aplicações práticas mostraram que os resultados das avaliações e as diretrizes para melhoria foram coerentes com as percepções dos especialistas em gestão de fornecedores das duas empresas. Os sistemas de inferência fuzzy demostraram ser uma alternativa adequada no tratamento das variáveis, em grande parte qualitativas, que compõem as dimensões das matrizes de item comprado e de relacionamento com os fornecedores. / Purchasing and buyer-supplier relationship management have become very critical activities to the performance management of organizations and supply chains. The segmentation or purchase portfolio model is defined as a process of suppliers separation in groups as a function of different needs and characteristics, requiring different kinds of relationships to create value in their exchanges. This approach has received increasing attention in the academic and business due to its simple structure and effective in organizing different suppliers approaches. Different proposals have been presented and all have great use of qualitative variables. Although the theory of fuzzy logic has been developed to the treatment of this type of variable, which has a strong presence of uncertainty and imprecision in the data collection and processing, it couldn´t be found any research exploring how a fuzzy inference system could be used in purchase portfolio models. Thus, this thesis aims to propose a fuzzy inference system to aid the decision making process in the supplier assessment and development based on portfolio models. This research intends to contribute to the segmentation, evaluation and supplier development knowledge. The research procedures used in this study can be grouped into three parts: literature review, development of axiomatic descriptive quantitative model and illustration through two practical applications. The construction of the proposed model showed the great inference system flexibility allows changes in the variables and the rule bases in accordance with the supply strategic objectives. The evaluations results and improvement guidelines in two pratical applicatins were consistent with the supply manager perceptions from both companies. The fuzzy inference systems have shown to be a suitable alternative in the treatment of the variables that make up the dimensions of the purchased itens and supplier relationships matrices.

Companies operate in a changing world with rapid technological development. Automation of the purchasing process in companies by means of electronic solutions is in line with this development. Companies constantly demand new concepts and electronic solutions in or-der to make the purchasing process more efficient, known as E-procurement management. This concept has become widespread in the automotive industry owing to that a car is a system product that on average consists of 20 000 parts, and consequently many transac-tions when purchasing these products. However, to be able to automate the purchasing process the company has to explore and analyze what new technology solutions there are. With regard to this, the study will focus to analyze how a purchasing process in the auto-motive industry can be automated. The authors have chosen to look deeper into three dif-ferent electronic solutions. Thereto the study will examine what impact a certain type of product and supplier has concerning electronic solution. Additionally, how the buyer-supplier relationship is affected of automation is a fundamental question when considering automation, and will therefore be discussed in the study. These questions will concern to study both the buyer’s and the supplier’s perspective. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse how a purchasing process can be automated in stra-tegic relationships in the automotive industry, thereto taking product and supplier type into consideration concerning electronic solutions. We will also study the possible effect on the buyer-supplier relationship of automation. A qualitative method has been employed, in or-der to get a more precise and deep knowledge of the subject. The authors have conducted interviews with respondents working at a large car manufacturing company in Sweden, and with three suppliers to this company. The study found that there are several areas in the purchasing process that still can be more efficient. Two technological drivers have been outlined as potential solutions: Covisint and web-EDI. Moreover, it is possible to conclude that an automation of a purchasing process will have an effect on the buyer-supplier relationship. The authors have drawn the conclusion that companies should not rush into things such as an automation. Much attention should be paid to the question what degree of an automation that can be allowed before it will have a negative effect on the relationship. Moreover, they should thoroughly study on what electronic solution is most suitable, thereto with consideration to what type of product and supplier one is dealing with. / Företag verkar i en omvärld med snabb teknisk utveckling. Ett led i denna utveckling är att automatisera inköpsprocessen med olika IT lösningar. Nya koncept och elektroniska lös-ningar efterfrågas konstant av företagen för att kunna uppnå mer effektivitet i inköpspro-cessen, känt som E-procurement management. Detta koncept har blivit allmänt utbrett i fordonsindustrin, vilket har sin orsak i att en bil är en system produkt med 20 000 be-ståndsdelar och där av många transaktioner vid inköp av dessa delar. För att kunna automa-tisera inköpsprocessen måste företaget undersöka och analysera vilka nya tekniska lösningar och vilka elektroniska hjälpmedel som finns. Med hänsyn till detta avser denna studie att fokusera på att analysera hur en inköpsprocess i fordonsindustrin kan automatiseras. För-fattarna har valt att titta närmare på tre olika elektroniska hjälpmedel. Därtill kommer stu-dien innehålla att analysera vilken inverkan en viss produkt och leverantörs typ har på val av elektroniska lösningar. En annan väsentlig fråga som också kommer att diksuteras är hur vid en automatisering av inköpsprocessen påverkar leverantörsrelationen. Dessa frågor kommer att innebära att studera både köparen´s och säljaren´s perspektiv. Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera hur en inköpsprocess i strategiska relationer i bil-industrin kan automatiseras, med hänsyn tagen till vilken typ av produkt och leverantör be-träffande val elektroniska hjälpmedel. Vi kommer också studera den eventuella påverkan på kund - leverantör förhållandet som en automatisering kan leda till. För studien har en kva-litativ metod använts, detta för att få en mer precis och djupare kunskap i hur kund- leve-rantör relationen påverkas vid en automatisering. Författarna har genomfört intervjuer hos ett stort biltillverknings företag i Sverige, och med tre av deras leverantörer. Studien visade på att där finns ett flertal områden i inköpsprocessen som kan effektivieras. Två drivare har konstaterats som möjliga lösningar : Covisint och web-EDI. Vidare är det möjligt att dra slutsatsen att en automatisering av inköpsprocessen påverkar leverantörsrelationen. Författarna har dragit slutsatsen att företag inte bör rusa in i en automatisering, istället måste uppmärksamheten riktas till frågan om i vilken grad av automatisering som kan tillåtas utan att det får en negativ inverkan på relationen. Vidare bör företaget grundligt studera vilken elektronisk lösning som är mest passande, därtill med hänsyn till vilken typ av produkt och leverantör det handlar om.

Media ger oss närmast dagligen information om uppköp mellan större företag. Detta visar på att företagsuppköp är ett vanligt inslag i dagens affärsliv. Tidigare studier som behandlar ämnet uppköp fokuserar i huvudsak på de integrerande företagen. Det är viktigt att inte bara studera de integrerande företagen utan att även lyfta blicken och undersöka leverantörerna bakom. Vi antar i denna uppsats att leverantörer till det uppköpta företaget kommer att påverkas och även reagera på ett uppköp. Om en slutproduktstillverkare köper upp en konkurrent kan en effekt bli att hälften av leverantörerna blir överflödiga medan de kvarvarande får producera desto mer. Detta pekar på att förändringen påverkar relationen mellan företag, men också att koncentrationen av företag ger färre möjligheter till affärsrelationer. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur relationen mellan köpare och leverantör förändras när köparen blir uppköpt av en konkurrent samt hur leverantören agerar för att få en så positiv effekt som möjligt av uppköpet. Företeelsen som undersöks involverar uppköpande företag, uppköpt företag och leverantörer till det uppköpta företaget. Antalet inblandade parter gör företeelsen komplex. För att erhålla så korrekt information som möjligt har vi valt en explorativ undersökning och en kvalitativ metod. Ansatsen är en fallstudie och fallet är från småhustillverkarbranschen, Hjältevadshus uppköp av Modulenthus. Informationsinsamlingen har gjorts genom intervjuer, både med integrerande företagen och med leverantörerna. Det är viktigt för leverantören att ha förståelse för sin position i leverantörsnätverket, för att förstå relationsförändringar som en konsekvens av ett uppköp. Det är viktigt att veta eftersom det avgör hur enkelt eller komplicerat det är att bli utbytt. Typen av produkt, graden av kompexitet, eller tjänst som leverantören erbjuder spelar en betydande roll för effekten ett uppköp kan ha på leverantören. Typen av köpare-leverantörsrelation är också betydande för att förstå relationsförändringarna vid ett uppköp. Relationens grad av styrka och karaktär bestämmer om en förändring kommer att inträffa som en följd av uppköpet. Koncentrationstrenden genom uppköp minskar antalet företag på marknaden. Om inte leverantören ser ett uppköp som en möjlighet och är aktiv i förändringsprocessen, är risken stor att det uppköpande företaget istället kommer att använda redan etablerade leverantörer med en utvecklad relation till uppköparen. Genom att begränsa köparens handlingsmöjligheter ökar leverantören sin makt. Ett alternativ för leverantören är att få tillverka en större andel av köparens behov, vilket ökar leverantörens makt i den enskilda relationen. Det är svårt att utveckla alternativ till en köpare som köper en stor andel av leverantörens totala produktion. En möjlighet är att de andra köparna ökar sina inköp, men troligtvis måste leverantören finna nya, stora köpare om en stor produktionsandel ska omplaceras. / The media provides us almost daily with information regarding acquisitions between large companies. This indicates that acquisitions of companies play a frequent role in today’s business life.  Earlier studies on acquisitions focus mainly on the integrated companies. It is important not only to study the integrated companies, but to also cast an eye at the suppliers of the acquired companies. In this thesis we assume that the suppliers of an acquired company will be affected by the acquisition and that they also will react upon it. If an end-product manufacturer acquires a competitor one effect could be that half of the suppliers are made redundant, while the ones left will have to produce a lot more. This indicates that the change affects the relations between companies, but also that the concentration of companies gives fewer possibilities to initiate business relations. The aim of the thesis is to investigate how the relationship between a buyer and a supplier changes due to the buyer being acquired by one of its competitors. The aim is also to investigate which measures that are taken by the supplier to gain as positive effects as possible from the acquisition.  The occurrence being investigated involves an acquiring company, a company being acquired and suppliers of the acquired company. The number of parties involved makes the occurrence complex. To get as accurate information as possible we have chosen an exploratory study and a qualitative method.  The approach in the thesis is a case study and the case is taken from the house manufacturing industry, namely Hjältevadshus’ acquisition of Modulenthus. The information has been gathered through interviews with the integrated companies as well as with the suppliers. It is important for the supplier to have an understanding of its position in the network of suppliers, in order to understand which relationship changes that can occur due to an acquisition. The reason why it is important is because it determines how easy or how hard it is to be replaced.  The type of product, the degree of complexity, or what kind of service the supplier offers plays a significant part in how the supplier might be affected by the acquisition. It is also important to understand the relationship between the buyer and the supplier in order to understand relationship changes due to the acquisition. The relationship’s degree of strength and character decides whether a change will occur as a result of the acquisition. The trend of concentrating through acquisitions decreases the number of companies in the market. If a supplier does not look upon an acquisition as a possibility and plays an active part in the process of change, there is a major risk that the acquiring company will use established suppliers, with a well-developed relationship with the acquiring company, instead. By limiting the buyer’s possibilities for actions, the supplier increases its power. An alternative for the supplier is to get the opportunity to manufacture a larger part of the buyer’s needs, which increases the supplier’s power in that particular relationship. It is difficult for the supplier to develop alternatives to a buyer that used to purchase a large proportion of the supplier’s total production. One possibility is that the other buyers increase their purchases, but most likely the supplier will be forced to find new, large buyers if a major part of the production has to be relocated.

<p>Companies operate in a changing world with rapid technological development. Automation of the purchasing process in companies by means of electronic solutions is in line with this development. Companies constantly demand new concepts and electronic solutions in or-der to make the purchasing process more efficient, known as E-procurement management. This concept has become widespread in the automotive industry owing to that a car is a system product that on average consists of 20 000 parts, and consequently many transac-tions when purchasing these products. However, to be able to automate the purchasing process the company has to explore and analyze what new technology solutions there are. With regard to this, the study will focus to analyze how a purchasing process in the auto-motive industry can be automated. The authors have chosen to look deeper into three dif-ferent electronic solutions. Thereto the study will examine what impact a certain type of product and supplier has concerning electronic solution. Additionally, how the buyer-supplier relationship is affected of automation is a fundamental question when considering automation, and will therefore be discussed in the study. These questions will concern to study both the buyer’s and the supplier’s perspective.</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to analyse how a purchasing process can be automated in stra-tegic relationships in the automotive industry, thereto taking product and supplier type into consideration concerning electronic solutions. We will also study the possible effect on the buyer-supplier relationship of automation. A qualitative method has been employed, in or-der to get a more precise and deep knowledge of the subject. The authors have conducted interviews with respondents working at a large car manufacturing company in Sweden, and with three suppliers to this company.</p><p>The study found that there are several areas in the purchasing process that still can be more efficient. Two technological drivers have been outlined as potential solutions: Covisint and web-EDI. Moreover, it is possible to conclude that an automation of a purchasing process will have an effect on the buyer-supplier relationship. The authors have drawn the conclusion that companies should not rush into things such as an automation. Much attention should be paid to the question what degree of an automation that can be allowed before it will have a negative effect on the relationship. Moreover, they should thoroughly study on what electronic solution is most suitable, thereto with consideration to what type of product and supplier one is dealing with.</p> / <p>Företag verkar i en omvärld med snabb teknisk utveckling. Ett led i denna utveckling är att automatisera inköpsprocessen med olika IT lösningar. Nya koncept och elektroniska lös-ningar efterfrågas konstant av företagen för att kunna uppnå mer effektivitet i inköpspro-cessen, känt som E-procurement management. Detta koncept har blivit allmänt utbrett i fordonsindustrin, vilket har sin orsak i att en bil är en system produkt med 20 000 be-ståndsdelar och där av många transaktioner vid inköp av dessa delar. För att kunna automa-tisera inköpsprocessen måste företaget undersöka och analysera vilka nya tekniska lösningar och vilka elektroniska hjälpmedel som finns. Med hänsyn till detta avser denna studie att fokusera på att analysera hur en inköpsprocess i fordonsindustrin kan automatiseras. För-fattarna har valt att titta närmare på tre olika elektroniska hjälpmedel. Därtill kommer stu-dien innehålla att analysera vilken inverkan en viss produkt och leverantörs typ har på val av elektroniska lösningar. En annan väsentlig fråga som också kommer att diksuteras är hur vid en automatisering av inköpsprocessen påverkar leverantörsrelationen. Dessa frågor kommer att innebära att studera både köparen´s och säljaren´s perspektiv.</p><p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera hur en inköpsprocess i strategiska relationer i bil-industrin kan automatiseras, med hänsyn tagen till vilken typ av produkt och leverantör be-träffande val elektroniska hjälpmedel. Vi kommer också studera den eventuella påverkan på kund - leverantör förhållandet som en automatisering kan leda till. För studien har en kva-litativ metod använts, detta för att få en mer precis och djupare kunskap i hur kund- leve-rantör relationen påverkas vid en automatisering. Författarna har genomfört intervjuer hos ett stort biltillverknings företag i Sverige, och med tre av deras leverantörer.</p><p>Studien visade på att där finns ett flertal områden i inköpsprocessen som kan effektivieras. Två drivare har konstaterats som möjliga lösningar : Covisint och web-EDI. Vidare är det möjligt att dra slutsatsen att en automatisering av inköpsprocessen påverkar leverantörsrelationen. Författarna har dragit slutsatsen att företag inte bör rusa in i en automatisering, istället måste uppmärksamheten riktas till frågan om i vilken grad av automatisering som kan tillåtas utan att det får en negativ inverkan på relationen. Vidare bör företaget grundligt studera vilken elektronisk lösning som är mest passande, därtill med hänsyn till vilken typ av produkt och leverantör det handlar om.</p>

As product complexity increases and markets become more global, companies tend to collaborate with customers, suppliers and partners in business process activities previously carried out within a single firm. This is observed notably also in product development. Product development is an information and communication intense activity, and collaborative product development requires efficient communication between the participating firms, both during an ongoing project and afterwards when the product is in service. When more than one firm is involved, questions linked to business aspects regarding what information to share and how to communicate the information between the firms become important. With changing partners and competing supply chains this is a delicate management issue. The objective of this dissertation is to assess characteristics of communication in collaborative product development, in order to identify requirements for supporting IT tools. Empirically, the research was conducted in two parts. Part I was conducted in the aircraft industry, where a systems integrator firm’s relationship to its major suppliers was investigated. In Part II, collaborative product development between a buyer and several suppliers organized in networks was investigated. These studies were complemented with studies of IS/IT development and implementation projects. Theoretically, it is based on the literature on product development, supply chain management, and IT support for business relationships. Concerning the buyer-supplier dyad it was found that there was not one collaborative product development process in common between the firms, but rather coordination between the firms’ processes. Concerning the relationship between buyer and supplier network, it was found that one of the suppliers represents the network in a dyadic buyer-supplier relationship. Within the supplier network, the firms conducted interorganizational integrated product development, which means that the functions were represented by several firms. This implied that management practices must respect the special characteristic of small and medium-sized firms in collaboration. The investigation of information and communication in collaborative product development in dyads and networks led to a list of requirements on IOIS. The findings were concluded in a matrix that presents characteristics of product development in general, product development in dyads, and product development in supplier networks, and a mapping of the requirements on IOIS. Since the business relationship is the major difference between product development in-house and collaborative product development, it was considered appropriate to take a supply chain view on the requirements for an IOIS. It was found that support is needed both for the procurement and the product development process. Moreover, it was found that project management support can significantly improve the efficiency of the development process. Improvements of the effectiveness regard support for the product life cycle, and for the long-term relationship between the parties. It was concluded that an IOIS for collaborative product development should be based on standard technology and support standard formats, in order to make it possible for a firm to simultaneously manage its own systems and proprietary information, and exchange information with partners when needed. / LARP - Lean Aircraft Research Program / NISAM - Ny industriell samverkan

企業在全球化趨勢影響下面對日漸劇烈的競爭，對於顧客需求快速改變必頇及時因應。同時在產品生命週期越來越短的情況下，如何有效率的生產以提昇企業績效，將成為企業是否具競爭力的重要關鍵。 企業為了因應顧客需求快速改變，企業產品品質必頇不斷跟著調整改善，才能符合顧客期望。而若高階主管能夠重視品質管理與改善，並全方位分析研究以掌握顧客需求，配合全體員工共同為品質改善而努力則會更有效率。品質改善過程需要相關零組件供應商緊密地配合，如果能夠與供應商發展長期穩定夥伴關係，互助合作對供應商交期也能有效縮短而穩定地供貨供料，共創雙贏這也將有助於提昇企業績效。 回顧相關文獻發現與供應商維持長期穩定關係將有助於穩定供貨供料，與供應商的關係從早先的互相競爭觀點，近年來已轉而成互惠互利共創雙贏、資訊利潤分享的合作關係。此外供應商的品質若能符合顧客標準對其競爭者相對來說也是一種技術門檻，公司培養的供應商又能維持良好的夥伴關係，對穩定供應商供貨將有所助益。 本研究透過資料分析認為若高階主管重視支持品質管理與改善，將能激勵員工朝著企業目標與願景共同前進，配合研究分析顧客需求並快速反應解決顧客之問題，能提高顧客滿意度。又依顧客需求投入資源協助供應商作品質管理與改善以通過或符合顧客標準，對產品品質與發展穩定供應商關係都很有幫助。而若能有長期穩定的供應商關係，對供應商供貨的穩定性也會很有助益，有穩定的供貨供料來源公司才能有效率地生產減少存貨，進而提昇企業整體績效。 / The market is increasingly competitive by the impact of globalization, and companies must respond in a timely manner to meet rapidly changing customers’ needs. In addition, product life cycles are shortened, and an efficient production becomes a key factor enabling companies remain competitive. In order to respond to the rapidly changing customers’ demand,companies must continuously improve the product quality. If the top management can focus on quality improvement, and conduct a detailed study understanding the customers’ needs with a full cooperation of employees, the company will be more efficient. Quality improvement process should closely cooperate with suppliers. If companies can develop a long-term and stable relationship with suppliers, a win-win situation will develop to improve business performance. It is found, from the literature review, that maintaining a long-term relationship with suppliers will stabilize materials supply. The relationship between companies and their suppliers has involved from competitive to mutual beneficial in recent years. In addition, it becomes a technical entry criterion, if the suppliers’ product quality meets customers’ requirements. The results of this study show that the top management involvement on quality management will encourage employees work toward company’s vision and objectives. If the supplier improve their quality certification or compliance with customers standards, its also a technical threshold relative to the competitors. Companies own specific training providers while maintaining stable partnership with the suppliers. Undoubtedly,it will also help to promote their competition.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:53:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GALO_Nadya_2014.pdf: 1286140 bytes, checksum: 61414a7c6df1ec47f52a3c1d9a64a659 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-20 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / A company doesn t operate singly in the market, because it is involved in a chain of buyers and suppliers, from which depends its operational efficiency. Thus, the choice of a partner requires the fulfillment of a number of requirements to ensure that business objectives will be not affected by inadequate supply. In this context, supplier selection can be an important process for an organization that wishes to evaluate the alternatives according its preference criteria for contracting services. However, certain criteria may present difficulties in measuring and to define indicators that can compose each criterion can allow the performance measurement of each supplier, adding objectivity to the process. The objective of this research was to identify and analyze which criteria supplier selection are used for hiring logistics service providers (LSPs) and what are the indicators used to assess the performance of this partner, in a group of companies in the retail. For this, we used the method of case study in five companies, four shippers and one 3PL. This is an exploratory qualitative research and the technique used was the direct intensive research using semi-structured questionnaires. Thus, were identified and analyzed the selection criteria and performance indicators used by companies to selection and evaluation of LSPs. The analysis allowed characterizing the selection of suppliers of these companies and performance measurement, as well as some specific features. As a result, it was observed that companies can point which criteria are relevant for the selection of LSPs and they have indicators for supplier performance evaluation, however the alignment between criteria and indicators is not fully established because the indicators used are more geared to monitoring the operation than the supplier evaluation. / Uma empresa não atua isoladamente no mercado, pois está envolvida em uma cadeia de compradores e fornecedores da qual depende sua eficiência operacional. Assim, a escolha de um parceiro requer o atendimento de uma série de requisitos que garantam que os objetivos da empresa não sejam afetados pelo fornecimento inadequado. Neste contexto, a seleção de fornecedores pode ser um processo importante para uma organização que deseja avaliar as alternativas de acordo com seus critérios de preferência para contratação de serviços. Contudo, certos critérios podem apresentar dificuldade de mensuração e definir indicadores que possam compor cada critério pode possibilitar a medição do desempenho de cada fornecedor, acrescentando objetividade ao processo. Desta forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar e analisar quais critérios de seleção de fornecedores são utilizados no momento da contratação de prestadores de serviços logísticos (PSLs) e quais são os indicadores utilizados na avaliação do desempenho deste parceiro, em um conjunto de empresas do setor do varejo. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método de estudo de caso em cinco empresas, sendo quatro embarcadores e um operador logístico. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa e a técnica utilizada foi a investigação direta intensiva com o uso de questionários semiestruturados. Deste modo, foram identificados e analisados os critérios de seleção e os indicadores de desempenho utilizados pelas empresas para seleção e avaliação de PSLs. As análises permitiram caracterizar a seleção de fornecedores destas empresas e a medição de desempenho, assim como algumas características específicas. Como resultado, observou-se que as empresas conseguem apontar quais critérios são relevantes para a seleção de PSLs e possuem indicadores para a avaliação do desempenho do fornecedor, entretanto o alinhamento entre critérios e indicadores não é totalmente estabelecido porque os indicadores utilizados são mais voltados ao acompanhamento da operação do que à avaliação do fornecedor.