This study examines football supporters' emotional expressions at football matches. The study uncovers this through the analysis of football supporters from the Stockholm-basedfootball club AIK, by conducting participant observation and ethnographic interviews.There has been a lack of studies specifically analysing the emotions of football supporters,particularly in anthropology. Thus, the essay aims to understand how specific emotions comeabout through an ecological approach to emotions, in combination with the concept ofemotional styles. The author shows how football supporters come to learn and remembercertain skills through the engagement with the environment, a process which the emotions arepart of, and how these engagements can shape certain emotional registers which are thencollectively displayed.

The highest Swedish football division, Allsvenskan, is not known for playing the best football or having the best players in the world on the pitch. However, Allsvenskan has one of the worlds’ best average audience rates and is well known globally for their large supporter culture. Thus, the topic of supporter culture and supporter related violence are a frequently discussed matter in Swedish media and has inspired the research topic for this study. The aim has been to study Swedish medias’ representation of football supporters and supporter related violence and if it perhaps has occurred a discursive change between the years 2014-2022. Traditional news articles published online within the chosen years, from several different newspapers, have been analyzed through a critical discourse analysis. Accompanied by critical discourse analysis, the study has used a theoretical framework consisting of media power, media hegemony and moral panic to analyze and conclude the results. The results provided three distinct discourses existing in Swedish media about football supporters being; supporters are a threat against the nuclear family, the supporter culture is a threat against society and lastly, medias’ large representation of moral panic as a response to supporters and supporter related violence. In addition, the study shows how there has been a discursive change in medias’ representation of supporters over time which confirms how media truly has the power to control society and its attitudes as well as determining and maintaining its ‘status quo’.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Este trabalho investiga como se estabelecem as nomeaÃÃes entre torcidas e torcedores e que implicaÃÃes podem ser percebidas nas performances deles no contexto do futebol espetacularizado. Aqui, à entendido que hà um jogo ocorrendo nas arquibancadas de futebol, no qual as performances de torcedores e torcidas sÃo comunicadas ao pÃblico presente, mas tambÃm transmitidas a um nÃmero indefinido de pessoas que assistem, por exemplo, pela televisÃo. Esse jogo à um fenÃmeno cultural (se mantÃm mesmo apÃs finalizado) e atua paralelo ao que à disputado em campo (a partida de futebol em si), contendo elementos agonÃsticos semelhantes. As disputas circulam geralmente em torno das diversas maneiras de estar no jogo. Essas diferenÃas se expressam nas formas como torcem, cantam, vibram, o que usam no estÃdio, os lugares que escolhem para assistir Ãs partidas de futebol, dentre outros modos. Essa pesquisa tem carÃter antropolÃgico, utilizando-se principalmente de observaÃÃo participante e entrevistas em profundidade com membros de uma torcida do Cearà Sporting Club chamada Setor Alvinegro. Essa torcida se nomeia como âtorcida de alentoâ, uma barra brava ressignificada a partir da conduÃÃo de um outro habitus torcedor, em oposiÃÃo a um modelo entendido por eles como âtradicionalâ. A abordagem do jogo ocorre nas interaÃÃes face a face, geralmente nos estÃdios, com base numa perspectiva fenomenolÃgica, a partir de Schutz, e com o interacionismo, a partir das influÃncias de Simmel e Goffman. Nesse jogo, as vÃrias torcidas (aqui entendidas como equipes) estabelecem condutas (âideologiasâ) a serem performadas durante as interaÃÃes, o que cria condiÃÃes de disputas por reconhecimento, espaÃos e poder. No Ãnterim dessas disputas e tentativas de nomeaÃÃes, hà uma moral torcedora latente, como fio condutor que permite tambÃm o acontecimento de uma competiÃÃo em torno da universalizaÃÃo de um modo de participar do jogo, como se houvesse uma âverdadeiraâ maneira de demonstrar sua paixÃo clubÃstica. / This work investigates how to set appointments among supporters and fans and what implications can be seen in their performances in the context of spectacularized soccer. Here, it is understood that there is a game going on in the soccer bleachers, where the performances of fans and supporters are communicated to the audience, but also transmitted to an indefinite number of people watching, for example, on television. This game is a cultural phenomenon (is maintained even after processing) and acts parallel to what is played on the field (the soccer match itself), containing similar agonistic elements. Disputes usually circulate around the various ways of being in the game. These differences are expressed in the ways cheer, sing, vibrate, which use the stadium, the places they choose to attend soccer matches, among other ways. This research is anthropological, mainly using up of participant observation and interviews with members of a crowd of âCeara Sporting Clubâ called âSetor Alvinegroâ. This crowd is named as "torcida de alento" a new meaning from the conduction another habitus to fans, as opposed to a model understood by them as traditional supporters. The approach of the game occurs in face to face interactions, usually in stages, based on a phenomenological perspective, from Schutz, and interactionism, from the influences of Simmel and Goffman. In this game, the various supporters (here understood as teams) lay pipelines (ideologies) to be performing during interactions, which creates conditions for disputes by recognition, space and power. In the meantime these disputes and attempts to appointments, there is a latent moral supporter, as thread that also allows the event of a competition around the universalization of a way of playing the game, as if there were a "real" way to demonstrate your passion for a soccer team.

<p>Природа спорта као драме, условљена је улогом коју спорт има у друштву. Спортски спектакл је савремена паганистичка свечаност којом се владајућим односима и вриједностима даје судбинска димензија. Спорт је ритуално исказивање покорности духу који влада свијетом и у том смислу највиша религиозна церемонија која има литургијски карактер.<br />Спорт и рeлигиja нa први пoглeд дjeлуjу кao двиje пoтпунo нeпoвeзивe ствaри, a кoликo су зaпрaвo слични дoкaзуjу сaкрaлни oбjeкти нa многобројним излoжбама, кojе пaрaлeлнo прикaзуjу вjeрскe икoнe и култнe прeдмeтe из свијета спорта.</p> / <p>Priroda sporta kao drame, uslovljena je ulogom koju sport ima u društvu. Sportski spektakl je savremena paganistička svečanost kojom se vladajućim odnosima i vrijednostima daje sudbinska dimenzija. Sport je ritualno iskazivanje pokornosti duhu koji vlada svijetom i u tom smislu najviša religiozna ceremonija koja ima liturgijski karakter.<br />Sport i religija na prvi pogled djeluju kao dvije potpuno nepovezive stvari, a koliko su zapravo slični dokazuju sakralni objekti na mnogobrojnim izložbama, koje paralelno prikazuju vjerske ikone i kultne predmete iz svijeta sporta.</p> / <p>The nature of the sport as drama, is conditioned by the role that sport plays in society. Sporting spectacle contemporary pagan ceremony laying the governing relations and values gives fatal dimensions. Sport is a ritual expression of obedience to the spirit that rules the world and in this sense, the highest religious ceremony that has a liturgical character.<br />Sport and religion at first sight look like two totally unrelated things, and how they actually prove similar religious buildings in many exhibitions that also depict religious icons and cult objects from the world of sport.</p>

Especially for last three decades many of the scholars have tried to provide general terrorist profile, which is commonly usable for all terrorists. They were seeking to identify the process of becoming terrorist (Sageman, 2004; Russel&Miller, 1977; Strentz, 1988; Hassan, 2001). The main problem on those studies is that, without looking at degree of involvement of terrorist they just focus on “who becomes a terrorist and why” and they prefer to ignore different type of characteristics about terrorist. Yilmaz (2009) tried to underline and answer this subject by studying on arrest results about DHKP/C and Hizbullah terrorist organizations in Turkey. This study aims to analyze socio-demographic and motivational differences of PKK terrorist organization members who are belong to different involvement degrees (active participant and supporter).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Morelli Machado.pdf: 3195349 bytes, checksum: 65cbf675faa33cc3cfc725d4d2e3b4f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This thesis aims at analyzing the Brazilian participation in the Football World Cup disputed in June 1938, in France, an achievement that took on different meanings for the New State, the sports press and the supporters. It is about an emblematic moment for perceiving football as a social and symbolic place of conservation and, at the same time, of posing questions about the order in force, within a dictatorial context. From the dealing with the huge sports newspaper, in the capital cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), it was observed the repercussion of that sports episode, from north to south, spilling over into the national life. In this happening, football arises not only as an element capable of congregating, among the same supporters, individuals from the most varied social cultural profiles, but also as a quarreling space, with disagreements and rivalries, which are found in the construction base of the national feeling / Esta Dissertação tem por finalidade a análise da participação brasileira na Copa do Mundo de futebol, disputada em junho de 1938, na França, um empreendimento que assumiu diferentes sentidos para o Estado Novo, a imprensa esportiva e os torcedores. Trata-se de um momento emblemático para a percepção do futebol como lugar social e simbólico de conservação e, ao mesmo tempo, de questionamento da ordem vigente, diante de um contexto ditatorial. A partir do trato com os jornais esportivos de grande vulto, nas capitais paulista e carioca da época, observou-se a repercussão daquele episódio esportivo de norte a sul do país, contagiando a vida nacional. O futebol emerge, nesse acontecimento, não só como elemento capaz de congregar na mesma torcida - indivíduos dos mais diferentes perfis sócio-culturais, mas também como espaço de conflitos, desavenças e rivalidades, que se encontram na base da edificação do sentimento nacional

<p>We have in this study preformed a quantitative examination on how hooligans use film and new technologies to spread private videos on the Internet. With today´s technologies it is very easy for hooligans to publish their videos. In this study, we have choosen to do a questionnaire poll based on seven questions about what people think of hooliganviolence on online video sharing sites. We have also conducted an online interview with a former swedish hooligan. The people who participated in our study are all anonymous, and therefore we have no age or gender included in our study. Most of the videos discussed here are used as entertainment, according to their publishers/viewers, but also as a method of advertising the supporterclubs of different teams. Following our study we can conclude that new technologies have a huge importance for the spread of these videos.</p>

We have in this study preformed a quantitative examination on how hooligans use film and new technologies to spread private videos on the Internet. With today´s technologies it is very easy for hooligans to publish their videos. In this study, we have choosen to do a questionnaire poll based on seven questions about what people think of hooliganviolence on online video sharing sites. We have also conducted an online interview with a former swedish hooligan. The people who participated in our study are all anonymous, and therefore we have no age or gender included in our study. Most of the videos discussed here are used as entertainment, according to their publishers/viewers, but also as a method of advertising the supporterclubs of different teams. Following our study we can conclude that new technologies have a huge importance for the spread of these videos.

Tyrimo objektas – sportinio turizmo turistų-sirgalių lūkesčiai. Mokslinė problema. Sportinio turizmo verslas niekada nebus efektyvus, jei paslaugų teikėjas gerai nežinos, kokie yra atvykusių turistų-sirgalių lūkesčiai. Norint patenkinti turistų - sirgalių lūkesčius, reikia išsiaiškinti tuos lūkesčius. Taigi, kokie yra sportinio turizmo turistų - sirgalių lūkesčiai? Darbo tikslas – nustatyti sportinio turizmo turistų-sirgalių lūkesčius 2011 m. Europos vyrų krepšinio čempionato kontekste. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išsiaiškinti sportinio turizmo sampratą ir sistemą. 2. Išanalizuoti turistų-sirgalių lūkesčių sampratą. 3. Išnagrinėti sportinių renginių klasifikaciją ir sirgalių tipologiją. 4. Nustatyti turistų-sirgalių lūkesčius 2011 m. Europos vyrų krepšinio čempionato kontekste. Darbo hipotezė: Turistai–sirgaliai keliaudami į 2011 m. Europos vyrų krepšinio čempionatą tikėjosi ne tik gražaus žaidimo, svetingumo, bet ir turėjo specifinius lūkesčius. Išvados. Teoriniame tyrime buvo išsiaiškinta sportinio turizmo sampara, sistema bei turistų-sirgalių lūkesčių samprata. Atliekant mokslinės literatūros analizę buvo išnagrinėta sportinių renginių klasifikacija ir sirgalių tipologija. Empirinio tyrimo metu buvo nustatyta, kad dauguma turistų–sirgalių keliaudami į 2011 m. Europos vyrų krepšinio čempionatą tikėjosi susitapatinimo su savo šalies sirgalių grupėmis, tuo pačiu tikėjosi išskirtinumo - įsiamžinimo galimybės su krepšininkais, jų autografų turėjimą ant vardinės atributikos, o... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of research. The expectations of 2011 European basketball championship tourists–fans. The research problem. The research problem. Sports tourism business will never be effective if service provider will not know what is purposes of tourists arrivals – fans. In order to satisfy the expectations of tourists–fans it’s necessary to clarify those expectations. So what are expectations of tourists arrivals – fans of sports tourism. The aim. To find the expectations of 2011 European basketball championship tourists-supporters in the context of sports tourism. The main goals were set for reaching the aim: • To understand the conception of sports tourism; • To analyze the conception of expectations; • To investigate the classification of sporting events and typology of tourists – supporters. • To set the expectations of tourists – fans in context of European mans basketball championship. Working hypothesis: Tourists - the traveling fans in 2011. European Men's Basketball Championship expecting not only a beautiful game, hospitality, but also had specific expectations. Conclusions. There has been made clear concept of sport tourism the system and the concept of tourists – fans expectations in theoretical investigation. During analysis of scientific literature has examined the classification of sports events and supporters typology. In Empirical research has found that most of the tourists - traveling fans in 2011 European Men's Basketball Championship expected... [to full text]

Magister Public Health - MPH / According to the Demographic and Health Survey in Zambia the national HIV prevalence among population aged 15-49 years was 14%. In 2002 the Government of Zambia introduced Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in two of the largest hospitals in Zambia: Lusaka and Ndola hospitals. As many people begin accessing ART in rural areas in Zambia, one of the major challenges is ensuring that those receiving ART adhere to treatment to avoid the emergence of drug resistance and treatment failure. The research therefore set to identify the potential barriers and facilitators to antiretroviral treatment adherence among people living with HIV and AIDS in the rural district of Chongwe,Zambia.A descriptive qualitative study was conducted over a period of three weeks from 11th December to 29th December 2008. The perceptions, opinions and experiences of PLHIV on ART and those of the health workers and treatment supporters were explored through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. In-depth interviews were conducted with nine persons living with HIV (PLHIV): 5 females and 4 males. Two focus group discussions were conducted with members of 2 different PLHIV support groups from Refunsa and Chimusanya villages served by the ART clinic of St Luke Mission Hospital and another with a group of ART treatment supporters. In addition, interviews were held with five key informants, who were health workers from the ART clinic in St Luke Mission Hospital in Mpanshaya.Reported barriers to adherence among PLHIV in rural areas included experiencing side effects to ART drugs, stopping medication due to improvement in wellbeing, a lack of understanding of the importance of adherence, and forgetting to take their medication due to alcohol consumption. Other barriers included stigma and discrimination, inadequate food to support ART uptake and non disclosure of one’s status for fear of being rejected especially for women who feared rejection in relationships. Another key barrier to adherence was the religious belief held by some PLHIV that one would get healed after being prayed for and therefore discontinued treatment.Key facilitators to adherence identified in the study included getting into a regular routine of taking antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), knowledge of and belief in the efficacy of ART, disclosure of HIV status, access to social support and nutritional support. Other facilitators identified were use of treatment supporters who provided support to PLHIV by providing them with on-going adherence counseling, and making referrals to the ART facility for further support, mobile ART clinics that have brought ART services closer to the rural communities and the adaptation of strategies such as clocks and use of alarms by PLHIV to remind them to take their medication. Although better health resulting from taking ARVs was citied as a barrier to adherence it also acted as a facilitator to adherence as better health motivated PLHIV to continue taking their medication.In conclusion, based on the findings from the study a series of recommendations were made to inform the current ART adherence information and counseling strategies used by the ART facility at St Luke Mission Hospital in Mpanshaya - and other ART programmes being implemented in similar rural health facilities in Zambia. The recommendations included the need for the ART facility to address alcohol abuse among PLHIV taking ART, addressing perceptions on ARVs in the community, reviewing of the counseling programme, caring for treatment supporters, strengthening food security and livelihood opportunities for PLHIV and their families and increasing collaboration between the ART facility and the churches.