Introdução: Neoplasias malignas nasais e sinonasais em cães são invasivas e de difícil tratamento. Para conclusão diagnóstica indica-se a rinoscopia, estudo histopatológico (HP) da biópsia, e exame tomográfico de cabeça (TCC). São escassos na literatura estudos desta afecção sobre tempo de sobrevida e remissão correlacionando achados clínicos, estadiamento por meio da TCC, HP, tratamento e a influência da expressão de marcadores tumorais. Objetivo: Avaliou-se o tempo de sobrevida e remissão em cães com neoplasias nasais e nasossinusais malignas, correlacionando com a idade, sexo, características clínicas, e graduação da afecção por meio de estadiamento, tratamentos quimioterápicos adjuntoriamente ou não a rinotomia e influência da expressão dos marcadores tumorais COX-2, EGFR, VEGF, p53, Ki-67 e PCNA. Materiais e métodos: Este estudo foi aprovado pela Comissão de Ética com o número 2488/11. Foram inseridos 25 cães com raça, sexo e idade variadas atendidos no Departamento de Cirurgia e provenientes Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, com diagnóstico conclusivo de neoplasia nasal, após resultados dos exames de TCC, rinoscopia e HP. O protocolo quimioterápico empregado utilizou a carboplatina 300mg/m2 e a doxorrubicina 30mg/m2 em sessões intercaladas, e rinotomia quando indicado. O tempo de sobrevida foi avaliado após o diagnóstico HP e a remissão a partir da primeira sessão quimioterápica. Dados sobre as manifestações clínicas, tipo tumoral, classificação baseada no estadiamento de Adams et al. (2009), modificado por nós, e expressão dos marcadores, foram correlacionados com a resposta ao tratamento, remissão e tempo de sobrevida. Resultados: Destes animais 56% eram machos (n=14), com idade média de 10,1 anos, sendo 60% neoplasias epiteliais (n=15) e 40% mesenquimais (n=10). Animais com epistaxe obtiveram menor tempo de sobrevida e de remissão (p = 0,015). Pelo estadiamento classificou-se os cães como T3 (7/25), T4 (9/25) e T5(9/25), observando menor tempo de sobrevida global em animais com graduação elevada (p = 0,006). Controle da afecção ocorreu em 80% dos animais (n=20) com tempo médio de sobrevida de 276,8 dias. Animais com remissão (p = 0,001) obtiveram menor risco de mortalidade (98%). Expressões elevadas de COX-2 (p = 0,006) influenciou no menor tempo de sobrevida e de EGFR ao menor tempo de remissão (p= 0,021), a expressão dos demais marcadores não representou significância estatística. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram presença de expressão dos marcadores nos tumores epiteliais e mesenquimais nasais e nasossinusais, com resultados significativos relacionados a influência do EGFR e da COX-2. A ocorrência de epistaxe pode ser considerada característica de mau prognóstico, assim como a deformidade facial, no menor tempo de remissão. O emprego do estadiamento da TCC colaborou com a avaliação prognóstica desta afecção. Apesar de não curativo e sem resultados estatisticamente significativos, as modalidades terapêuticas utilizadas apresentaram aumento no tempo remissão influenciando no aumento de tempo sobrevida global. Estes resultados foram promissores quanto a expressão dos marcadores tumorais nas neoplasias nasais malignas de cão, assim como o emprego do estadiamento e tratamento em relação ao tempo de sobrevida e de remissão dos animais afetados por esta afecção / Introduction: Nasal malignant neoplasia in dogs are invasive with a difficult treatment. The diagnostic includes rhinoscopy, histopathology (HP), and head tomography (CT). There are few studies in the literature evaluating survival time and remission, with clinical findings, CT staging, HP, treatment and the influence of cellular markers expression. Objective: To evaluate the effects of chemotherapy in conjunction or not with rhinotomy in dogs with malignant nasal and sinonasal neoplasia, and associated age, sex, clinical features, staging system and presence of cell markers COX-2, EGFR, VEGF, p53, Ki-67 and PCNA with survival time and disease control. Methods: the Ethics Committee with the number 2488/11 approved this study. In this study, 25 dogs with different breeds, gender and age evaluated from Department of Surgery and from the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science School of the University of São Paulo, with nasal malignant neoplasia, after rhinoscopy, CT scan and histopathological diagnostic. The chemotherapy protocol used was carboplatin 300 mg/m2 and doxorubicin 30 mg/m2 in intercaled sessions. Rhinotomy was applied when indicated. Survival time was evaluated after the histopathological conclusion and remission was evaluated from the first chemotherapy application. Clinical characters, tumor type, stage based on staging system (ADAMS et al., 2009) modified for this study, treatment and expression of the markers were associated with disease control and survival time. Results: Fifty six per cent were males (n = 14), with mean age 10.1 years, and 60% epithelial neoplasms (n = 15) and 40% mesenchymal (n = 10). Animals with epistaxis had lower survival time and remission time (p = 0.015). In according with staging system twenty-eight per cent was classified inT3 (7/25), and 36% classified in T4 (9/25) and the others 36% in T5 (9/25) the lower overall survival time was associated in animals with more advanced stage (p = 0.006). Control of the disease occurred in 80% of animals (n = 20) with mean survival time of 276.8 days. Animals with remission (p = 0.001) had decreased death (98%). High COX-2 expression (p = 0.006) was associated with shorter survival and EGFR expression with the disease control (p = 0.021). The expression of other markers did not present statistical significance. Conclusion: The results indicated significant about the influence of COX-2 and EGFR expression in malignant nasal neoplasia in dogs. Epistaxis was considered a signal for bad prognosis and facial deformity have influence in remission time. The staging system by CT was applicable and useful prognostic factor. Although the results was not statistically significant about the therapeutic modalities used, but showed an increase remission time and overall survival time. These results were promising as the expression of cellular markers in malignant nasal tumors dog, as well as the use of staging system and treatment in relationship with survival time and remission of animals affected by this disease

Survival Time, what exactly does the term imply and what is the best method to measure it? Several experts within the field of Internet security have used the term; some has gone further and presented statistical facts on the survival time throughout the years. This bachelor thesis aim to present a universal definition of the term and further on measure the current survival time for a given unprotected system. By the deployment of a decoy, data will be captured and collected through port monitoring. Mainly focus will lie on building a time curve presenting the estimated time for an unprotected public system to get detected on the Internet and the elapsed time hence the system gets attacked.

Introdução: Neoplasias malignas nasais e sinonasais em cães são invasivas e de difícil tratamento. Para conclusão diagnóstica indica-se a rinoscopia, estudo histopatológico (HP) da biópsia, e exame tomográfico de cabeça (TCC). São escassos na literatura estudos desta afecção sobre tempo de sobrevida e remissão correlacionando achados clínicos, estadiamento por meio da TCC, HP, tratamento e a influência da expressão de marcadores tumorais. Objetivo: Avaliou-se o tempo de sobrevida e remissão em cães com neoplasias nasais e nasossinusais malignas, correlacionando com a idade, sexo, características clínicas, e graduação da afecção por meio de estadiamento, tratamentos quimioterápicos adjuntoriamente ou não a rinotomia e influência da expressão dos marcadores tumorais COX-2, EGFR, VEGF, p53, Ki-67 e PCNA. Materiais e métodos: Este estudo foi aprovado pela Comissão de Ética com o número 2488/11. Foram inseridos 25 cães com raça, sexo e idade variadas atendidos no Departamento de Cirurgia e provenientes Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, com diagnóstico conclusivo de neoplasia nasal, após resultados dos exames de TCC, rinoscopia e HP. O protocolo quimioterápico empregado utilizou a carboplatina 300mg/m2 e a doxorrubicina 30mg/m2 em sessões intercaladas, e rinotomia quando indicado. O tempo de sobrevida foi avaliado após o diagnóstico HP e a remissão a partir da primeira sessão quimioterápica. Dados sobre as manifestações clínicas, tipo tumoral, classificação baseada no estadiamento de Adams et al. (2009), modificado por nós, e expressão dos marcadores, foram correlacionados com a resposta ao tratamento, remissão e tempo de sobrevida. Resultados: Destes animais 56% eram machos (n=14), com idade média de 10,1 anos, sendo 60% neoplasias epiteliais (n=15) e 40% mesenquimais (n=10). Animais com epistaxe obtiveram menor tempo de sobrevida e de remissão (p = 0,015). Pelo estadiamento classificou-se os cães como T3 (7/25), T4 (9/25) e T5(9/25), observando menor tempo de sobrevida global em animais com graduação elevada (p = 0,006). Controle da afecção ocorreu em 80% dos animais (n=20) com tempo médio de sobrevida de 276,8 dias. Animais com remissão (p = 0,001) obtiveram menor risco de mortalidade (98%). Expressões elevadas de COX-2 (p = 0,006) influenciou no menor tempo de sobrevida e de EGFR ao menor tempo de remissão (p= 0,021), a expressão dos demais marcadores não representou significância estatística. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram presença de expressão dos marcadores nos tumores epiteliais e mesenquimais nasais e nasossinusais, com resultados significativos relacionados a influência do EGFR e da COX-2. A ocorrência de epistaxe pode ser considerada característica de mau prognóstico, assim como a deformidade facial, no menor tempo de remissão. O emprego do estadiamento da TCC colaborou com a avaliação prognóstica desta afecção. Apesar de não curativo e sem resultados estatisticamente significativos, as modalidades terapêuticas utilizadas apresentaram aumento no tempo remissão influenciando no aumento de tempo sobrevida global. Estes resultados foram promissores quanto a expressão dos marcadores tumorais nas neoplasias nasais malignas de cão, assim como o emprego do estadiamento e tratamento em relação ao tempo de sobrevida e de remissão dos animais afetados por esta afecção / Introduction: Nasal malignant neoplasia in dogs are invasive with a difficult treatment. The diagnostic includes rhinoscopy, histopathology (HP), and head tomography (CT). There are few studies in the literature evaluating survival time and remission, with clinical findings, CT staging, HP, treatment and the influence of cellular markers expression. Objective: To evaluate the effects of chemotherapy in conjunction or not with rhinotomy in dogs with malignant nasal and sinonasal neoplasia, and associated age, sex, clinical features, staging system and presence of cell markers COX-2, EGFR, VEGF, p53, Ki-67 and PCNA with survival time and disease control. Methods: the Ethics Committee with the number 2488/11 approved this study. In this study, 25 dogs with different breeds, gender and age evaluated from Department of Surgery and from the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science School of the University of São Paulo, with nasal malignant neoplasia, after rhinoscopy, CT scan and histopathological diagnostic. The chemotherapy protocol used was carboplatin 300 mg/m2 and doxorubicin 30 mg/m2 in intercaled sessions. Rhinotomy was applied when indicated. Survival time was evaluated after the histopathological conclusion and remission was evaluated from the first chemotherapy application. Clinical characters, tumor type, stage based on staging system (ADAMS et al., 2009) modified for this study, treatment and expression of the markers were associated with disease control and survival time. Results: Fifty six per cent were males (n = 14), with mean age 10.1 years, and 60% epithelial neoplasms (n = 15) and 40% mesenchymal (n = 10). Animals with epistaxis had lower survival time and remission time (p = 0.015). In according with staging system twenty-eight per cent was classified inT3 (7/25), and 36% classified in T4 (9/25) and the others 36% in T5 (9/25) the lower overall survival time was associated in animals with more advanced stage (p = 0.006). Control of the disease occurred in 80% of animals (n = 20) with mean survival time of 276.8 days. Animals with remission (p = 0.001) had decreased death (98%). High COX-2 expression (p = 0.006) was associated with shorter survival and EGFR expression with the disease control (p = 0.021). The expression of other markers did not present statistical significance. Conclusion: The results indicated significant about the influence of COX-2 and EGFR expression in malignant nasal neoplasia in dogs. Epistaxis was considered a signal for bad prognosis and facial deformity have influence in remission time. The staging system by CT was applicable and useful prognostic factor. Although the results was not statistically significant about the therapeutic modalities used, but showed an increase remission time and overall survival time. These results were promising as the expression of cellular markers in malignant nasal tumors dog, as well as the use of staging system and treatment in relationship with survival time and remission of animals affected by this disease

1. Hintergrund Das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) stellt eine der häufigsten Todesursachen und Begleitverletzungen bei nichtnatürlichen Todesfällen dar und ist damit Gegenstand der Routine-Untersuchungen in der Rechtsmedizin. Eine Abschätzung der Überlebenszeit (ÜLZ, d.h. der Zeitraum zwischen der Verletzungsentstehung und dem Todeseintritt) ist für die Chronologie eines Tatablaufs und Überprüfung von Zeugenaussagen / Alibiangaben von großer Bedeutung. Primär werden hierfür postmortal pathomorphologische und klassische histologische Befunde herangezogen. Immunhistochemische Untersuchungen haben bisher kaum Eingang in die Überlebenszeitdiagnostik gefunden, könnten aber zur Konkretisierung der bisher gängigen Methoden beitragen. Häufig untersuchte Proteine im Gehirn sind das S100-Protein (S100) und die Neuronenspezifische Enolase (NSE). Die Spiegel beider Marker werden im klinischen Alltag vielfach zur Abschätzung der Schwere und der Prognose eines SHT im Blut und Liquor gemessen. Immunhistochemisch wurden beide Proteine bisher vor allem auf deren allgemeines Vorhandensein und Verteilung im Zusammenhang mit SHT untersucht. Nur eine Studie beschäftigte sich bisher mit einer möglichen zeitlichen Dynamik. 2. Fragestellungen Folgende Fragen sollten durch vorliegende Arbeit beantwortet werden:  Existiert eine Korrelation zwischen dem Anteil positiv auf S100 gefärbter Gliazellen (Astroglia und Oligodendroglia) und der Überlebenszeit?  Ist eine Korrelation zwischen dem Anteil positiv auf NSE gefärbter Neuronen und der Überlebenszeit möglich?  Welche lokalisationsspezifische Veränderungen in den untersuchten Hirnregionen (Umgebung der Kontusion, Hippocampus, Kleinhirn) in Bezug auf die Überlebenszeit existieren?  Gibt es signifikante Unterschiede zwischen Fall- und Kontrollgruppe? 3. Material und Methoden Für diese Untersuchung wurden Hirngewebeproben aus 57 gerichtlich angeordneten Sektionen verwendet. Davon wiesen 47 ein tödliches SHT und ÜLZ zwischen wenigen Sekunden und 34 Tagen auf. Zehn Fälle mit kardiovaskulären Todesursachen wurden als Kontrolle herangezogen. Die Überlebenszeiten der Fälle mit tödlichem SHT wurden in Übereinstimmung mit bisherigen Studien in folgende Kategorien eingeteilt: Akuter Todeseintritt nach SHT (ÜLZ bis 2 Stunden), subakuter Todeseintritt nach SHT (ÜLZ 2 Stunden bis 4 Tage) und verzögerter Todeseintritt nach SHT (ÜLZ über 4 Tage). Die zur Untersuchung gelangten Proben wurden spätestens 6 Tage nach dem Versterben der Personen entnommen (Mittelwert 2,7 Tage). In allen Fällen wurde die Umgebung der Kontusion, bei 35 dieser Fälle der Hippocampus und bei 31 der Fälle auch das Kleinhirn untersucht. Die verschiedenen Regionen wurden jeweils gesondert für Rinde und Mark bzw. im Hippocampus für Stratum pyramidale und radiatum beurteilt. Die immunhistochemische Färbung auf S100 und NSE wurde mit der indirekten Dextran-Polymer-Methode (DakoCytomation), die Gegenfärbung mit Hämatoxylin nach Mayer durchgeführt. Verwendet wurden ein polyklonaler S100-Kaninchen-Antikörper sowie ein monoklonaler NSE-Maus-Antikörper (beide DakoCytomation). Für die semiquantitative Evaluation wurden gefärbte und ungefärbte Neuronen, Oligodendrozyten sowie Astrozyten in jeweils 20 High Power Fields gezählt. So konnte für jede Region und Zellart ein Prozentsatz positiver Zellen ermittelt werden. Für die statistische Auswertung wurde SPSS Statistics (Version 21, 2012 IBM) und OpenOffice Calc (Version 3.4.1, 2012 Apache Software Foundation) verwendet, es kamen der Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon-Test (nicht-parametrisch), die Spearman-Korrelation und die Benjamini-Hochberg-Prozedur zum Einsatz. Eine Zustimmung zu dem der Promotionsschrift zugrunde liegendem Forschungsvorhaben wurde durch die Ethik-Kommission der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig erteilt (Nr. 117-12-23012012). 4. Ergebnisse Äußere Einflüsse. Es konnte keine Korrelation zwischen dem Anteil positiver Zellen und der Leichenliegezeit (rs= -0.27 bis 0.15, p = 0.1 bis 0.96) oder dem Geschlecht (p = 0.07 bis 0.98) festgestellt werden. Aufgrund des häufigeren Auftretens verzögerter Todeseintritte bei älteren Personen (rs = 0,33, p < 0.05) konnte keine sinnvolle Korrelation zwischen Alter und Zellpositivität durchgeführt werden. Zellzahlen insgesamt. Zur Qualitätssicherung und zur Vergleichbarkeit mit anderen Studien, wurden die Zellzahlen insgesamt erfasst. Hierbei wurden keine signifikanten Unterschiede in den unterschiedlichen ÜLZ-Kategorien festgestellt. Die Zellzahlen in den SHT-Fällen waren hingegen signifikant niedriger als in den Kontrollfällen. Unterschiede in den Kategorien der Überlebenszeit. Die Anteile S100-positiver Oligodendrozyten waren in Kontusionsumgebung signifikant niedriger in der Gruppe mit subakutem Todeseintritt als in der Gruppe mit akutem Todeseintritt (p < 0,05) sowie der Kontrollgruppe (p < 0,05). Im Hippocampus waren die Anteile S100-positiv gefärbter Oligodendrozyten in der Gruppe der akuten sowie subakuten Todeseintritte niedriger als in der Kontrollgruppe (jeweils p < 0,05). Im Vergleich mit der Kontrollgruppe waren die Anteile NSE-positiver Neuronen sowohl im Hippocampus als auch in der Kontusionsumgebung in der Gruppe der akuten Todeseintritte (jeweils p < 0,05) höher. Die Anteile NSE-positiver Neuronen im Hippocampus sanken in der Gruppe der subakuten im Vergleich zur Gruppe der akuten Todeseintritte ab (p < 0,05). Astrozyten zeigten bei dieser Studie keine signifikanten Unterschiede in ihrem Färbeverhalten in Bezug auf die ÜLZ. Überraschenderweise zeigten sich in den Gruppen mit subakutem und verzögertem Todeseintritt auch S100-positive Neuronen im Hippocampus und der Kontusionsumgebung. Diese Beobachtung konnte in der Akutphase nach Traumatisierung und in der Kontrollgruppe nicht gemacht werden. Im Hippocampus war eher eine diffuse neuroplasmatische, in der Kontusionsumgebung eine eher juxtanukleäre Färbung zu finden. In beiden Regionen war die Verteilung der S100-positiven Neuronen unsystematisch oft in räumlicher Nähe zu S100-positiven Gliazellen zu finden.

The cause and effect paradigm underlying medical research has led to an enhanced etiological understanding of many diseases and the development of many lifesaving drugs, but the paradigm does not always include an understanding of the pathways involved. Causal mediation analysis extends the cause and effect relationship to the cause and effect through a mediator, an intermediate variable on the causal pathway. The total effect of an exposure on an outcome is decomposed into two parts: 1) the indirect effect of the exposure on the outcome through the mediator and 2) the direct effect of the exposure on the outcome through all other pathways. In this dissertation, I describe various counterfactual causal mediation frameworks with identifiability assumptions that all lead to the Mediation Formula. The indirect and direct effects can be estimated from observable data using a semi-parametric algorithm derived from the Mediation Formula that I generalize to different types of mediators and outcomes. With an increased interest in causal mediation analysis, thoughtful consideration is necessary in the application of the Mediation Formula to real-world data challenges. Here, I consider three motivating causal mediation questions in the areas of HIV curative research and cardio-respiratory fitness. HIV curative treatments typically target the viral reservoir, cells infected with latent HIV. Quantifying the effect of an HIV curative treatment on viral rebound over a set time horizon mediated by reductions in the viral reservoir can inform future directions for improving curative treatments. In cardiorespiratory fitness research, metabolites, molecules involved with cellular respiration, are believed to mediate the effect of physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness. I propose three novel adaptations to the semi-parametric estimation algorithm to address three data challenges: 1) Numerical integration and optimization of the observed data likelihood for mediators with an assay lower limit (left-censored mediators); 2) Pseudo-value approach for time-to-event outcomes on a restricted mean survival time scale; 3) Elastic net regression for high-dimensional mediators. My novel approaches provide estimation frameworks that can be applied to a broad spectrum of research questions. I provide simulation studies to assess the properties of the estimators and applications of the methodologies to the motivating data. / 2025-06-16T00:00:00Z

The work deals with the analysis of time series of diagnostic quantities measured in power oil transformers. The first part includes power oil transformers and the description of diagnostic variables that are measured inside these non-rotating electrical machines. The next section introduces the decomposition model of time series including analysis of all its components. The last part deals with the predictions of the likely survival time of power oil transformers operating in different power plants in the Czech Republic.

Hämangiosarkome, maligne endotheliale Neoplasien, werden bei den Haussäugetieren am häufigsten beim Hund beobachtet und treten bei diesem vor allem in Milz und rechtem Herzohr auf. Anhand ihrer Wachstumsmuster werden sie in kapilläre, kavernöse und solide wachsende Tumoren eingeteilt (PULLEY u. STANNARD 1990, HARRY u. PALEOLOG 2003). Die Prognose kaniner Hämangiosarkome der Milz ist schlecht, wobei in der Literatur nach Splenektomie mediane Überlebenszeiten von 19-240 Tagen angegeben werden (JOHNSON et al. 1989, OGILVIE et al. 1996, SPANGLER u. KASS 1997, WOOD et al. 1998) und auch Praktiker von sehr stark variierenden Überlebenszeiten berichten. Die Eignung verschiedener Parameter (z.B. adjuvante Chemotherapie, klinisches Staging) zur prognostischen Beurteilung wurde bereits von zahlreichen Autoren untersucht (BROWN et al. 1985, SORENMO et al. 1993, WOOD et al. 1998). Studien zum eventuellen Einfluss des Wachstumsmusters auf die Variabilität der Überlebenszeiten existieren bisher jedoch nicht. Darüber hinaus können Hämangiosarkome der Milz auch diagnostisch eine Herausforderung darstellen. Dies ist zum Einen bedingt durch die hohe Anfälligkeit der Milz gegenüber einer raschen Autolyse, zum Anderen erschwert die sehr variable Histomorphologie in einigen Fällen eine sichere Diagnosestellung. Mit dem immunhistologischen Nachweis klassischer Endothelzellmarker wie von Willebrand Faktor und CD31 kann in den meisten Fällen die Diagnose gesichert werden. Besonders bei schlecht differenzierten Hämangiosarkomen, erweisen sich die genannten Marker oftmals als z. T. unzuverlässig (VON BEUST et al. 1988, GAMLEM u. NORDSTOGA 2008). Bei rein solide wachsenden Neoplasien kann der Transkriptionsfaktor Fli-1 hilfreich bei der Diagnose sein (STEIGER et al. 2003). Pro- und anti-angiogene Faktoren steuern in einem streng regulierten, stufenweise ablaufenden Prozess die Entstehung neuer Blutgefäße aus präexistenten Gefäßen – die Angiogenese (KERBEL et al. 1998, CARMELIET et al. 1998, RAK et al. 2000, JOUSSEN et al. 2003, DISTLER et al. 2003). Diese Faktoren konnten u.a. in Neoplasien und deren versorgenden Gefäßen nachgewiesen werden (RESTUCCI et al. 2002, RESTUCCI et al. 2004). Ziel der Studie ist (I) die Untersuchung der Überlebenszeiten von Hunden mit lienalen Hämangiosarkomen unter Berücksichtigung des Wachstumsmusters und weiterer Parameter, (II) wird mittels vergleichender immunhistologischer Untersuchungen die Eignung klassischer Endothelzellmarker sowie angiogener Faktoren und deren Rezeptoren zum Nachweis neoplastischer Endothelzellen überprüft. Der Vergleich des Expressionsverhaltens der genannten Marker zwischen Hämangiosarkomen und nicht-neoplastischen Endothelzellen gibt eventuell Hinweise auf die biologische Wertigkeit der Neoplasien.

In the United States, there is a high incidence of recidivism among juvenile offenders with mental health disorders. This is a critical social issue facing the public and the Department of Juvenile Justice Administration today. However, research is not clear on the role of psychological factors in recidivism frequency and survival time. The purpose of this study was to examine whether hopelessness depression, as measured by suicidal-ideation, depression-anxiety, anger-irritation, and alcohol-drug use, and offense type, were predictors of recidivism frequency and survival time when controlling for age, gender, and race. The total sample consisted of archival data from 404 juvenile offenders between the ages 13 and 19, who were detainees in the Juvenile Detention facility between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2012. Data consisted of scores from the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument, which is part of the standard intake screening at time of booking. A hierarchical regression analysis indicated a collective significant predictive relationship between age, gender, race, suicidal-ideation, depression-anxiety, anger-irritation, alcohol-drug-use, and recidivism frequency and survival time. Posthoc analyses of variance indicated statistically significant differences in alcohol-drug-use and anger-irritation levels between races. However, the multiple linear regression indicated that suicidal-ideation and depression-anxiety did not significantly predict either recidivism frequency or survival time. Results could enable juvenile justice staff to detect hopelessness depression among juvenile reoffenders at an earlier stage and offer better treatment aimed at reducing future occurrences of youth recidivism, thereby benefitting individuals as well as society.

Esse trabalho contribui com o desenvolvimento de um novo modelo para dados de sobrevivência com sobreviventes de longo termo visando uma formulação e interpretação mais realista do que a apresentada pelos modelos com fração de curados usuais. Motivados pelo estudo do tempo de sobrevivência residual para pacientes oncológicos, o modelo usa o processo de nascimento e morte para permitir a variação do número de fatores de risco latentes durante um período precedente ao acompanhamento médico, considerando, então, um cenário de riscos competitivos para obtenção da função da sobrevivência (imprópria) dos pacientes. Simulações a aplicações à dados do Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo mostraram vantagens sobre o modelo de tempos de promoção. / This work contributes with a new cure rate survival model developed aiming more realistic formulation and interpretations than the usual long-term survival models. Motivated by studying residual survival times in oncological patients, the model uses birth and death process to allow free variation on the number of latent risk factors during a pre-follow up period, then considers competing risks scenario for accessing the patients survival. Simulations and application to Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo data showed improvement over the promotion time model.

Esse trabalho contribui com o desenvolvimento de um novo modelo para dados de sobrevivência com sobreviventes de longo termo visando uma formulação e interpretação mais realista do que a apresentada pelos modelos com fração de curados usuais. Motivados pelo estudo do tempo de sobrevivência residual para pacientes oncológicos, o modelo usa o processo de nascimento e morte para permitir a variação do número de fatores de risco latentes durante um período precedente ao acompanhamento médico, considerando, então, um cenário de riscos competitivos para obtenção da função da sobrevivência (imprópria) dos pacientes. Simulações a aplicações à dados do Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo mostraram vantagens sobre o modelo de tempos de promoção. / This work contributes with a new cure rate survival model developed aiming more realistic formulation and interpretations than the usual long-term survival models. Motivated by studying residual survival times in oncological patients, the model uses birth and death process to allow free variation on the number of latent risk factors during a pre-follow up period, then considers competing risks scenario for accessing the patients survival. Simulations and application to Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo data showed improvement over the promotion time model.