Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:53:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JuarezAP_DISSERT.pdf: 706321 bytes, checksum: a4be793a04471b95500e88c7f6ee1e23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-17 / The theme of this dissertation is the collegiate management in the cashew cultivation s productive chain by the reading of the Managerial Committee s role in accordance with Sustainable Regional Development. The research had as aim to reveal the way as Managerial Committee s members of cashew cultivation s productive chain interpret the economic, social and environmental dimensions to the sustainability of entrepreneurships, using as interpretative base Sachs (2004) theoretical model. The theoretical reference is based in precepts of Solidarity Economy as a strategy to the Sustainable Regional Development. To reach this aim was done a case study, based in analysis of contents and semi-structured interviews with the solidarities economic entrepreneurships that integrate the Committee and with the group of Entities of Support and Fomentation responsible for formulating and conducting actions in favour of development of the chain. The research permitted to conclude that the economic, mainly, and social dimension, secondly, to super-impose the environmental dimension. The actions in favour of the chain are yet restricted and with low effectiveness when interpreted, in an integrated way, by a side, by the informers of this research and, by another side, in accordance with precepts of sustainable development / O tema desta disserta??o ? a gest?o colegiada na cadeia produtiva da cajucultura a partir de leituras do papel do Comit? Gestor ? luz do Desenvolvimento Regional Sustent?vel. A pesquisa teve por objetivo revelar o modo como os membros do Comit? Gestor da cadeia produtiva da cajucultura interpretam as dimens?es econ?mica, social e ambiental para a sustentabilidade dos empreendimentos, tomando como base interpretativa o modelo te?rico de Sachs (2004). O referencial te?rico est? fundado nos preceitos da Economia Solid?ria como estrat?gia para o Desenvolvimento Regional Sustent?vel. Para o alcance deste objetivo, foi realizado um estudo de caso, como base na an?lise de conte?do e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os empreendimentos econ?micos solid?rios (EES) integrantes do Comit? e com o grupo de Entidades de Apoio e Fomento (EAF) respons?vel por formular e encaminhar a??es em prol do desenvolvimento da cadeia. A pesquisa possibilitou concluir que as dimens?es econ?mica, principalmente, e social, secundariamente, se sobrep?em, ? dimens?o ambiental. As a??es em prol da cadeia s?o ainda restritas e de pouca efetividade quando interpretadas, de modo integrado, por um lado, pelos informantes desta pesquisa e, por outro, ? luz dos preceitos do desenvolvimento sustent?vel

No contexto da saÃde o meio ambiente passou a ter importÃncia a partir de novas reflexÃes sobre os conceitos de saÃde e de ambiente Por algum tempo a saÃde era vista sob a Ãtica da doenÃa com uma noÃÃo predominantemente biolÃgica o ambiente pelo seu aspecto biofÃsico Essa dissertaÃÃo surge a partir da compreensÃo do conceito de saÃde no contexto atual e refletindo sobre a interface com o ambiente para a promoÃÃo da saÃde no cotidiano dos Agentes ComunitÃrios de SaÃde (ACS) em Equipes da EstratÃgia SaÃde da FamÃlia (ESF) Portanto esta pesquisa objetivou compreender sob a Ãtica dos ACS as implicaÃÃes que a relaÃÃo saÃde e ambiente promovem na sua prÃtica profissional no MunicÃpio de Juazeiro do Norte Cariri cearense Conduzimos a pesquisa com o estudo do tipo exploratÃrio com abordagem qualitativa A pesquisa foi realizada no MunicÃpio de Juazeiro do Norte CE no perÃodo de setembro de 2012 a fevereiro de 2013 tendo como sujeitos os ACS das duas Equipes da ESF do Bairro Parque AntÃnio Vieira selecionadas a partir da aplicaÃÃo de um roteiro de escolha Para a coleta de dados utilizamos um formulÃrio sÃcio demogrÃfico e em seguida a entrevista semiestruturada Para complemento outro procedimento utilizado foi o de observaÃÃo participante a qual aconteceu a partir de visitas periÃdicas ao campo de atuaÃÃo dos ACS com a construÃÃo do diÃrio de campo Para a anÃlise do material coletado utilizamos o mÃtodo da anÃlise de discurso A partir da anÃlise realizada do discurso contido nas falas dos ACS e observaÃÃo participante do local do estudo concluÃmos que se faz necessÃrio no cenÃrio de atuaÃÃo dos ACS uma articulaÃÃo mais efetiva da interface saÃde e ambiente com foco na visÃo positiva da saÃde Ou seja conduzir as aÃÃes dos ACS para a promoÃÃo da qualidade de vida da populaÃÃo procurando desfocar o que à evidente em seus discursos hoje a doenÃa Portanto se faz necessÃrio nesse contexto o fortalecimento de PolÃticas PÃblicas voltadas para a educaÃÃo permanente dos profissionais que atuam nessas equipes da ESF ACS abordando a interface saÃde e ambiente bem como que favoreÃam a intersetorialidade e a atuaÃÃo profissional voltadas para a qualidade de vida da populaÃÃo trazendo para o eixo norteador da reflexÃo aqui apresentada a importÃncia entre o saber e o agir cotidiano dos ACS Com os resultados dessa pesquisa pretendemos contribuir para o fortalecimento das aÃÃes intersetoriais envolvendo as temÃticas saÃde e ambiente tornando mais evidente a importÃncia desta relaÃÃo para a promoÃÃo da saÃde e assim efetivamente fortalecer a qualidade de vida da populaÃÃo por eles assistida / In the context of health the environment now has importance from new reflections on the concepts of health and environment For awhile health was seen from the perspective of the disease with a predominantly biological sense the biophysical environment by their appearance This thesis comes from an understanding of the concept of health in the current context and reflecting on the interface with the environment to health promotion in daily Community Health Agents (CHA) teams in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) Therefore this research aimed to understand the perspective of the ACS the implications of the relationship between health and the environment promote their professional practice in the city of Juazeiro do Norte Cearà Cariri We conduct research with an exploratory study with a qualitative approach The survey was conducted in the city of Juazeiro do Norte CE from September 2012 to February 2013 having as subject the ACS of the two teams FHS Barrio Parque Antonio Vieira selected from the application of a script of choice To collect data we used a form socio demographic and then the semi structured interview For addition another procedure was used participant observation which happened from regular visits to the field of action of ACS with the construction of a field journal To analyze the collected data we use the method of discourse analysis From the analysis of the speech contained in the reports of the ACS and participant observation study site we conclude that it is necessary in the setting of ACS performance of a joint interface more effective health and environment focusing on positive view of health Ie drive the actions of ACS for the promotion of quality of life looking blur which is evident in his speeches today the disease Therefore it is necessary in this context the strengthening of public policies aimed at continuing education for professionals working in these teams FHS ACS interface addressing health and environment as well as to promote intersectoral and professional practice focused on quality of life population bringing to the guiding principle of reflection presented here the importance between knowing and acting of the ACS routine With the results of this study aim to contribute to the strengthening of intersectoral actions involving health and environmental issues making it clear the importance of this relationship to health promotion and thus effectively strengthen the quality of life they assisted

Este estudo se pauta no questionamento do atual modelo de desenvolvimento e na busca do chamado desenvolvimento sustentável que, segundo a Organização para a Cooperação Econômica e Desenvolvimento, (OECD), é definido como o uso dos recursos naturais e humanos de forma a garantir as necessidades atuais sem o comprometimento da capacidade de produção para as gerações futuras. Essa nova premissa reivindica e aspira por melhorias na qualidade de vida para o conjunto da população; sob a ótica da análise regional busca compreender como se insere o setor agropecuário da região Oeste do Estado de São Paulo nesse paradigma. É com esse foco que essa tese de doutorado é realizada tendo como objetivos específicos: procurar compreender as condições sociais, econômicas e ambientais, identificando e indicando as localidades com sistemas produtivos com maior ou menor sustentabilidade. Busca-se, assim, também avaliar a capacidade dos indicadores aplicados de captarem os diferentes níveis de sustentabilidade, em especial a sócio-espacial, permitindo que se caminhe em direção de alternativas consistentes, na tentativa de solucionar alguns dos problemas que permeiam a sociedade e os recursos naturais. Para estabelecer as configurações dos municípios que compõem a região Oeste do Estado de São Paulo utiliza-se técnica de análise multivariada (fatorial e agrupamento). Os 150 municípios pertencentes à região Oeste foram os elementos observados e as 33 variáveis selecionadas para caracterizar esses elementos, foram: disponibilidade de mão-de-obra, renda, educação e saúde; distribuição territorial: da concentração da posse da terra, da população e das explorações agropecuárias. Considerou-se ainda a pressão econômica e demográfica sobre o meio ambiente, e da capacidade produtiva decorrente de fatores, como a adoção das práticas agrícolas, C&T, acesso à assistência técnica e mão-de-obra, cujos efeitos podem ser refletidos no índice da eficiência técnica da produção agrícola. Os resultados obtidos, que visam avaliar a sustentabilidade, retrataram e permitiram verificar que nenhum dos municípios da região Oeste paulista possui características desejáveis que contemplem o paradigma da sustentabilidade. Aliás, alguns apresentaram desempenho bem sofrível de acordo com determinados índices utilizados. Os indicadores sócio-econômicos atestaram a importância das variáveis selecionadas e do método aplicado para estudos dessa natureza. Foi possível desenhar um mosaico da heterogeneidade espacial existente nessa região, corroborando empiricamente o que diversos pesquisadores assinalam como fatores básicos na busca do desenvolvimento sustentável, notadamente do setor agropecuário. / This doctoral thesis challenges the assumption of our current development model in the search for the so-called sustainable development. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD), sustainable development involves the use of natural and human resources to meet present needs without compromising future generations’ production capacity. This new premise calls for improving the quality of life for the population as a whole. From the perspective of a regional observation point, the study tries to understand the extent to which the agriculture and livestock sector of the western region of the state of Sao Paulo fits this paradigm. Based on this focus, the specific objectives of this research effort are twofold: to understand social, economic and environmental conditions and to identify locations with higher or lower degrees of production system sustainability. An attempt is also made to evaluate the capacity of the indicators used to register the different levels of sustainability, in particular the socio-spatial. That would point to consistent alternatives, aimed at solving some of the problems pervading society and natural resources. The multivariate analysis (factorial and cluster analysis) was used to represent the cities of the western region of the state of São Paulo. A total of 150 cities were examined and the 33 variables selected to characterize them referred to: labor availability, revenue, education and health, as well as the territorial distribution of land property concentration, of population and of agriculture and livestock activities. Also considered were the economic and demographic pressure on the environment and production capacity resulting from the adoption of agricultural practices, S&T, technical assistance and labor access, the effects of which can interfere with the agricultural production technical efficiency index. The results obtained regarding the assessment of sustainability allowed to verify that none of the cities of the region studied have characteristics related to the sustainability paradigm. In fact, some cities have even shown an unsustainably low level of development. The socio-economic indicators proved the importance of the variables chosen and the method applied in studies of this nature. It was possible to draw a mosaic of the spatial heterogeneity of this region, which empirically validates what several researchers have emphasized as basic factors aimed at sustained development, notably of the agricultural sector.

Regional utveckling är ett område som enligt tidigare forskning uppfattas som komplext ämne, där många faktorer är med och påverka, där besöksnäringen är något som kan påverka regional utveckling i både regionen och utanför. I den regionala utvecklingen finns även faktorer kring styrning, marknadsföring och kommunikation som kan påverka hur destinationer påverkas av besöksnäringen, samt vilka resurser som kan användas i de olika områdena. I tidigare forskning om Värmland gällande regionala utvecklingsperspektiv, så har det varit fokus på regional utveckling i helhet och inte så stort fokus på besöksnäringens roll i den. Dock så ser regionen och kommunerna potential i användandet av besöksnäringen som utvecklingsverktyg. Då har studierna lyft fram hur landsbygdsregioners utveckling kan påverkas av besöksnäringen, samt att generellt öka till ny kunskap om regional utveckling i samspel med hållbarhet och besöksnäringen. Detta eftersom den regionala utvecklingen i Värmland fortfarande kan ha kvar en del av de hinder som uppfattats i tidigare forskning, där just hållbar utveckling av besöksnäring vid landsbygden sågs som ett större hinder, då det ansågs finnas brister i hur besöksnäringens utveckling skulle ske hållbart. I denna studie så har studiens syfte och frågeställningar, varit i åtanke när både teorin och empirin har samlats in, där stor del av fokuset har varit på bland annat, regional utveckling, destinationsutveckling och marknadsföring. Med dessa olika begrepp så har det blivit givna kategorier för att tydligare kunna se gemensamma nämnare för studerats teoretisk- och empirisk insamling med koppling till dessa begrepp, samt hur detta senare går att utläsa i studiens analys och slutsatser. I användandet av metoderna har studien valt att förhålla sig till ett socialkonstruktivistiskt synsätt, då författarna som har skrivit uppsatsen ser arbetet med regional utveckling som en komplex social konstruktion, som kommer från olika uppfattningar kring olika områden som den regionala utvecklingen berör. De metoder som studien använder sig av är dokumentanalys och en kvalitativ enkät, som utformats efter det teoretiska ramverket och frågeställningar för att kunna uppfylla syftet. Sedan i empiridelen så presenteras den insamlade empirin i uppdelning till frågeställningarna för studien. / Regional development is an area that according to previous research is perceived as a complex subject, where many factors are involved and have an influence, where the tourism industry is something that can affect regional development in both the region and outside. In regional development, there are also factors around governance, marketing and communication that can affect how destinations are developed by the tourism industry, as well as what resources can be used in the various areas. In previous research on Värmland regarding regional development perspectives, there has been a focus on regional development as a whole and not so much focus on the role of the tourism industry in it. However, the region and the municipalities see potential in the use of the tourism industry as a development tool. This study aims to highlight how the development of rural regions can be affected by the tourism industry, and to generally increase the knowledge about regional development in interaction with sustainability and the tourism industry. This is because the regional development in Värmland may still have some of the obstacles perceived in previous research, where sustainable development of the tourism industry in the countryside was seen as a major obstacle, as there were considered shortcomings in how the tourism industry would develop sustainably. In this study, the purpose and issues of the study have been kept in mind when both the theory and the empirical data have been collected, where a large part of the focus has been on, among other things, regional development, destination development and marketing. With these different concepts, categories have been given to more clearly see common denominators for the study's theoretical and empirical collection with connection to these concepts, and how this can later be read in the study's analysis and conclusions. In using the methods, the study has chosen to relate to a social constructivist approach, as the authors who have written the essay see the work with regional development as a complex social construction, which comes from different perceptions around different areas that regional development affects. The methods used by the study are document analysis and a qualitative questionnaire, which is designed according to the theoretical framework and questions in order to fulfill the purpose. Then in the empirical part, the collected empirical data is presented in division into the questions for the study. The empirical data is then analyzed from the theoretical framework, and the analysis is followed by the conclusions that can be drawn from the analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiani Sobrinho Del Bianco.pdf: 3941335 bytes, checksum: 389260f4ef8c218c8f73202bf660d0fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-13 / The various activities inserted in the production processes are characterized by the generation of common solids (MSW) waste, whether in solid, liquid or gaseous. Therefore, this study aims to identify factors capable of explaining the economic potential of MSW as a sustainable regional development factor, transforming the problem of MSW generation in new business opportunity. For this purpose, the methodology included the implementation of steps to characterize the source of MSW municipalities under study, analysis of the models and technologies used in MSW, and identification of potential bottlenecks in the economic sectors and the systematization of results by presenting a new economic model using MSW as inputs in production processes. The results showed that the municipalities under study had an average generation of 54.5 t / day of plastic; 12 t / day of glass; 6:06 l t / day of metal; 60.6 tons / day of paper; 5.5 ton / day from other waste types and 418.5 tons / day of organic. It was identified that the marketing of MSW aluminum, cardboard and PET is more expressive in the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Paraná. From this information it was possible to estimate the total gross revenue for the 30 municipalities in the study, which was approximately R$ 3,642,408.38, of which this was more notable in the municipalities of Cascavel, Foz do Iguacu and Toledo , which together were responsible for obtaining 57% of the total gross revenue for the cities analyzed. The systematization of the results showed that the new model of MSW, send about 5.6 tonnes/day of MSW to the municipal landfill of Toledo, representing a reduction of 92% of the total previously forwarded by using the traditional management model MSW. Thus, the development of this new management model would help the sustainable development of meso study, it would be able to generate income from the implementation of new models of factories, developing new technologies, increased service life and reduced need for increased of area landfills and thus will make the municipalities fall under the guidelines of the law 12.305/2010 PNRS. / As diversas atividades inseridas nos processos produtivos têm como característica comum à geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU), sejam eles sólidos, líquidos ou gasosos. Diante disso, esse trabalho visa identificar elementos capazes de explicitar o potencial econômico dos RSU como fator de desenvolvimento regional sustentável, transformando a problemática da geração de RSU em oportunidade de novos negócios. Para tanto, a metodologia contemplou a execução de etapas de caracterização da fonte geradora de RSU dos municípios em estudo, análise dos modelos e tecnologias utilizadas na gestão dos RSU, identificação das potencialidades e gargalos nos setores econômicos e a sistematização dos resultados por meio da apresentação de um novo modelo econômico utilizando o RSU como insumos dos processos produtivos. Os resultados demonstraram que os municípios em estudo, apresentaram uma geração média de 54.5 t/dia de plástico; 12 t/dia de vidro; l 6.06 t/dia de metal; 60.6 t/dia de papel; 5.5 t/ dia de outros tipos de resíduos e, 418.5 t/dia de orgânicos. Identificou-se que a comercialização dos RSU de alumínio, papelão e PET é mais expressiva nos estados de São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Paraná. A partir dessas informações foi possível estimar a receita bruta total para os 30 municípios em estudo, que foi de cerca de R$3.642.408,38, dentre os quais esta foi mais expressiva nos municípios de Cascavel, Foz do Iguaçu e Toledo, que juntos foram responsáveis pela obtenção de 57% da receita bruta total nos municípios analisados. A sistematização dos resultados demonstrou que o novo modelo de gestão dos RSU, enviaria cerca de 5.6 t/dia de RSU para o aterro sanitário municipal de Toledo, representando uma redução de 92% do total anteriormente encaminhado por meio da utilização do modelo tradicional de gestão dos RSU. Assim, o desenvolvimento desse novo modelo de gestão auxiliaria no desenvolvimento sustentável da mesorregião em estudo, pois seria capaz de gerar renda, a partir da implementação dos novos modelos de fábricas, desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, aumento da vida útil e redução da necessidade de aumento de área para aterros sanitários e, assim, fará com que os municípios fiquem em conformidade com as diretrizes da lei de 12.305/2010 do PNRS.

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2019-03-25T16:13:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiani_Bianco_2018.pdf: 5463183 bytes, checksum: 623edce81df00dd24349d6ce63dfc11f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-25T16:13:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiani_Bianco_2018.pdf: 5463183 bytes, checksum: 623edce81df00dd24349d6ce63dfc11f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The problem of urban solid waste management (RSU) is a topic of worldwide concern, and has been treated as a priority, since equating excessive generation and final disposal of environmentally sound waste is one of the major challenges facing modern society. Thus, the RSUs are correctly managed as a challenge / goal to be achieved, in order to minimize the negative impacts caused by the generation of waste from various generating sources. In view of the above, this thesis aimed to propose a model of MSW management differentiated, in the stages of collection, transportation, treatment and recovery of waste, capable of meeting the legal prerogatives in economic, social and environmental context, and that allows the implantation of an economic model that generates wealth, employment and income in a sustainable environment in the municipalities of the Western Mesoregion of Paraná. For that, the methodological procedures included the execution of six stages, namely: 1) Characterization of the sources of RSU in the western mesoregion of Paraná; 2) Estimation of the potential of RSU generation in the municipalities of the Western Mesoregion of Paraná, during the years 1980 to 2030; 3) Evaluation of the execution of the National Solid Waste Policy as of the enactment of Federal Law No. 12,3052010; 4) Prospecting of methods, processes and technologies for the collection, transport, treatment and use of MSW; 5) Presentation of the MSW management model that allows the consolidation of an economic and sustainable system based on the MSW industrialization based on the economic, social and environmental specificities of the municipalities of the West of Paraná; 6) Consolidation and systematization of results. The results showed that only 12% of the municipalities of the Western Mesoregion of Paraná presented, through the construction of the Indicator of Sustainable Regional Development, a dynamic relationship in their productive base with economic, social and environmental advances. However, given the potential increase in the generation capacity of the MSW in the region, which was estimated at around 41%, it was identified that the 50 municipalities had a daily solid waste generation potential of 595.6 ton/day, in 1980, to 841.5 ton/day, in 2030. Thus, it was evidenced that there is inability to comply with Federal Law No. 12.305/2010, where 63% of the municipalities of the West of Paraná do not have the capacity economic, financial and technical / intellectual staff capable of handling the costs of managing and maintaining the correct level of waste management. This result is mainly due to the application of PNRS guidelines and targets in the municipalities of the West of Paraná through individualized solutions (landfills and / or controlled landfills), which become sources of economic and financial problems for the municipal administrations, as well as in the unfeasible possibility of meeting all the determinations in effect in PNRS / 2010. This scenario also occurs when one intends to establish only one intermunicipal waste management consortium capable of serving the 50 municipalities in the region, since a total investment of R $ 936.28 million would be necessary considering the amount of waste generated in the region, by 2030. Thus, the feasible, economical, social and environmentally adequate solution to waste management in the municipalities of the West of Paraná is the use of three Integrated Systems of Solid Urban Waste Management (SIGRSU), which should be implanted in the Microregions of Cascavel, Foz do Iguaçu and Toledo. Thus, the implementation of this new MSW management model, based on differentiated methods and technologies, has demonstrated the technical and economic viability of the proposal, in which urban solid waste becomes a cost factor and becomes an investment opportunity. In this scenario, the economic variable is one of the main attractions for individuals, while the impacts on the environment and society are also positive. Therefore, there is an environmental externality transformed into a source of opportunities for new business models, in which waste is considered as raw material and / or input of industrial processes, which will help in the sustainable and innovative development of the Meso-region under study, since it would be capable of generating income, from the implementation and development of new technologies, increase the useful life and reduce the need to increase the area for landfills and, thus, make the municipalities comply with the guidelines of Federal Law N ° 12.305/2010, of the PNRS. / O problema do gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) é tema de interesse mundial, e tem sido tratado como prioritário, uma vez que, equacionar a geração excessiva e disposição final e ambientalmente segura dos resíduos é um dos maiores desafios com que se defronta a sociedade moderna. Assim, denota-se a gestão correta dos RSUs como desafio/meta a ser alcançado, visando minimizar os impactos negativos causados pela geração dos resíduos de diversas fontes geradoras. Diante do exposto, a presente tese objetivou propor um modelo de gestão de RSU diferenciado, nas etapas de coleta, transporte, tratamento e aproveitamento de resíduos, capaz de atender as prerrogativas legais em âmbito econômico, social e ambiental, e, que possibilite a implantação de um modelo econômico gerador de riqueza, emprego e renda num ambiente sustentável nos municípios da Mesorregião Oeste do Paraná. Para tanto, os procedimentos metodológicos contemplaram a execução de seis etapas, sendo estas: 1) Caracterização das fontes geradoras de RSU na mesorregião Oeste do Paraná; 2) Estimação do potencial de geração dos RSU nos municípios da Mesorregião Oeste do Paraná, durante os anos de 1980 a 2030; 3) Avaliação da execuçãoimplantação da Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos a partir da promulgação da Lei Federal N°12.3052010; 4) Prospecção dos métodos, processos e tecnologias para a coleta, transporte, tratamento e aproveitamento de RSU; 5) Apresentação do modelo de gestão de RSU diferenciado, que possibilite a consolidação de um sistema econômico e sustentável com base da industrialização dos RSU a partir das especificidades econômicas, sociais e ambientais dos municípios da Mesorregião Oeste do Paraná; 6) Consolidação e sistematização dos resultados. Os resultados demonstraram que apenas 12% dos municípios da Mesorregião Oeste do Paraná apresentaram, por meio da construção do Indicador de Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável, dinâmica relação na sua base produtiva com avanços econômicos, sociais e ambientais. Contudo, dado o aumento potencial da capacidade de geração de RSU na região, que foi estimado na ordem de 41%, identificou-se que, os 50 municipios apresentaram um potencial de geração de RSU de um montante diário de 595,6 ton.dia, em 1980, para 841,5 ton.dia, em 2030. Assim, evidenciou-se que, há incapacidade no atendimento da Lei Federal N°12.305/2010, onde 63% dos municípios do Oeste do Paraná, não apresentam capacidade econômica, financeira e de corpo técnico/intelectual capaz de arcar com os custos de gestão e manutenção do correto nível de gerenciamento dos resíduos gerados. Tal resultado, deve-se, em maior parte dada a aplicação das diretrizes e metas da PNRS nos municípios do Oeste do Paraná por meio de soluções individualizadas (aterros sanitários e/ou controlados), as quais se transformam em fontes de problemas econômico-financeiros para as gestões municipais, bem como na inviável possibilidade de atendimento de todas as determinações vigentes na PNRS/2010. Tal cenário também se verifica quando se tem a intenção de implantar apenas um consórcio intermunicipal de gerenciamento de resíduos, capaz de atender aos 50 municípios da região, pois seria necessário um investimento total de R$936,28 milhões de reais, considerando o montante de resíduos gerados na região, até 2030. Assim, a solução viável, econômico, social e ambientalmente adequada a gestão de resíduos nos municípios do Oeste do Paraná é a utilização de três Sistemas de Gerenciamento Integrado de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (SIGRSU), os quais devem ser implantados nas Microrregiões de Cascavel, Foz do Iguaçu e Toledo. Assim, a implementação desse novo modelo de gestão dos RSU, baseado em métodos e tecnologias diferenciadas, demonstraram a viabilidade técnica e econômica da proposta, na qual os resíduos sólidos urbanos passam de um fator de custo e se tornam uma oportunidade de investimento. Nesse cenário, a variável econômica é um dos maiores atrativos para os indivíduos, ao mesmo tempo em que os impactos no meio ambiente e na sociedade são também positivos. Portanto, tem-se uma externalidade ambiental transformada em fonte de oportunidades de novos modelos de negócios, no qual os resíduos são considerados matérias-primas e/ou insumos de processos industriais, qual auxiliará no desenvolvimento sustentável e inovador da Mesorregião em estudo, pois seria capaz de gerar renda, a partir da implementação e desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, aumento da vida útil e redução da necessidade de aumento de área para aterros sanitários e, assim, fazer com que os municípios ficassem em conformidade com as diretrizes da Lei Federal N° 12.305/2010, do PNRS.

During the last ten years the small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) sector has become firmly established at the top of the development agenda for many countries, hence, marking this sector's increasingly acknowledged economic importance. Evidence from various parts of the world has shown clear signs of the growth of SMEs. Despite this, little attention has been given to understanding the environmental impacts these enterprises produce or to defining the role these entities play in terms of sustainable regional development. This thesis sets out to contribute to a better understanding of the influence of SMEs on sustainable regional development, as well as the contribution of SMEs to the economy in terms of job creation in the context of developing countries using Egypt and its Ismailia region as the basis for case study. Three main hypotheses were formulated relevant to the role of SMEs in sustainable regional development. In general, these hypotheses relate to the following: 1) The contribution of SMEs to the regional economy; 2) Problems and barriers SMEs face in achieving sustainable development; and 3) The potential for SMEs to utilize available existing resources to enhance their role in achieving sustainable regional development. In order to test these three hypotheses and to answer related questions, an analysis was undertaken within the framework of two spatial tiers: national and regional, that is Egypt and Ismailia, respectively. Two types of data were used - primary and secondary. A sample of 101 entrepreneurs and 100 workers were interviewed from the Ismailia region. The results of these interviews were analyzed in the empirical portions of this thesis. Chapter one pertains to the justification of the thesis; its objectives; the development of related research questions and hypotheses; the methodology used for data analysis; data sources used; questionnaire design; survey methods; and problems of data collection. Chapter two discusses the concept of SMEs worldwide and in Egypt as a basis from which to provide a concrete definition of SMEs that is used in the empirical portion of this study. In addition, the potential of SMEs and the problems facing SMEs in terms of sustainable regional development, the differences between SMEs and larger enterprises, as well as the importance of SMEs for the Egyptian economy are discussed in this chapter. The relationship between SMEs and sustainable urban and regional development is highlighted in more detail in chapter three. This relationship is discussed within the context of the notions of the overall concept of sustainable development, the sustainable regional development agenda in Egypt and related regulations, and the positive characteristics SMEs need in order to bring sustainable urban and regional development to fruition. Chapter four examines the first hypothesis of this study; this hypothesis states that, in general, SMEs have a positive effect on the economic and social development of a region. This chapter evaluates the ability of SMEs to drive the regional and national chains of economic added value; the capability of SMEs to create job opportunities at the regional level; and the effects of SMEs in terms of improved life-style and standard of living of workers and their families. Chapter five tests the second hypothesis in this thesis which states that the affects of a variety of types and sizes of SMEs on regional sustainable development is limited, at least for the time being. This chapter provides an analysis of economic, social and environmental obstacles and constraints that SMEs must face on a daily basis to achieve sustainable development in the region. In chapter six the potential by which SMEs can utilize their assets to enhance their contribution to sustainable regional development is evaluated; the potential opportunities available to SMEs to make better use of local raw materials and to drive the chain of economic activity within the Ismailia region were examined. The ability of SMEs to work more efficiently through the use of clusters and networks as a potential strategy is clarified. Chapter Seven presents a compilation of the detailed findings of this thesis along with the lessons that have emerged as a result of the research conducted. A series of policies and recommendations are provided as a means from which to create favourable conditions to encourage SMEs to play a more significant role in the national economy and in subsequent sustainable regional development. From a national perspective, the activities of SMEs are not usually the most serious source of environmental degradation, but, collectively, their sheer numbers may translate into substantial impacts on the eco-system. While the individual SME has financial problems related to the treatment and disposal of its waste, the adoption of an industrial cluster strategy for SMEs can provide an efficient solution to this problem. A cluster should consist of several single enterprises located in close proximity to one another, thereby, improving the ease of and costs associated with the treatment and disposal of environmental wastes. This study advocates the necessity of raising the degree of environmental awareness for organizations, syndicates, unions and societies related to SMEs, as well as entrepreneurs and labourers in their respective domains. Opportunities for raising environmental awareness can be implemented through a series of organized seminars, meetings and workshops designed to motivate individuals and small businesses within the society of SMEs to incorporate an ecological sense and approach into their daily behaviour and practices. A national policy must be adopted in Egypt in order for the SMEs sector to be successful in its contribution to sustainable development. Such policy must be all-inclusive and provide for the technical support of SMEs, financial support to SMEs, environmental support to SMEs, as well as provide overarching legislative support relevant to this particular sector of the business environment.

This thesis has set out to shine a light on the prevalence of outdoor recreation in regional strategies, regarding how friluftsliv can contribute to regional development and growth. In the context of the outdoor recreation goals, friluftsliv has been pushed to be involved within the regional development and spatial planning process in regions. However, the extent of measures to involve friluftsliv in RDS/P (Regional Development Strategy/Plan) from regional authorities are far in-between. The County Administrative Board (TCAB) on the other hand, are actively working within their regions on how to involve friluftsliv in the spatial planning process, partly because of difference in responsibility factors from the two authorities. The same can be said regarding the many similarities and differences found primarily in the work from TCABs. For example, how friluftsliv frequently is described to have a positive contribution on citizens well-being and quality of life, that in-turn positively impact aspects of regional development, while some discuss the implications of friluftsliv on the environment. Friluftsliv can work as a catalyst for regional development, although it can be argued to be geographically dependant for commercial activities, while its indirect social, economic, and environmental contributions are not geography dependant. One conclusion made in the thesis is that a more transcending planning process regionally to promote friluftsliv is needed, where both the regions and TCAB carry out the planning in unison with the SEPA (Swedish Environmental Protection Agency) to spread the needed knowledge for the purpose of smart spatial planning between the authorities. / Denna masteruppsats har syftat till att belysa förekomsten av friluftsliv i regionala strategier, relaterat till hur friluftsliv kan bidra till regional utveckling och tillväxt. Detta analyserades i samband med uppkomsten av friluftslivsmålen, där friluftsliv är syftat till att vara involverad i den regionala utvecklingen och den fysiska planeringsprocessen i regioner. Emellertid är omfattningen av åtgärder för att involvera friluftsliv i RUS/P (Regional Utvecklingsstrategi/Plan) från regionala myndigheter låga. Länsstyrelserna å andra sidan arbetar aktivt inom sina regioner för att involvera friluftsliv i den fysiska planeringsprocessen. Detta är på grund av den skillnaden i ansvarsområden över specifika faktorer mellan de två myndigheterna. Detsamma kan kopplas till de många likheter och skillnader som främst återfinns i Länsstyrelsernas arbete. Exempelvis hur friluftsliv ofta beskrivs bidra på ett positivt sätt för medborgarens välbefinnande och livskvalitet, som i sin tur positivt påverkar många aspekter av regional utveckling, medan vissa fokuserar på att diskutera konsekvenserna av friluftsliv på miljön. Friluftsliv kan fungera som en katalysator för regional utveckling, även om friluftslivets kommersiella verksamhetsmöjligheter kan påstås vara geografiskt beroende kan dock dess indirekta sociala, ekonomiska och miljömässiga bidrag för regional utveckling syftas till att vara geografiskt oberoende. En slutsats som gjorts i uppsatsen är att en mer övergripande planeringsprocess regionalt för att främja friluftsliv behövs, där både regionerna och Länsstyrelserna genomför planeringen i överensstämmelse med Naturvårdsverket för att sprida den nödvändiga kunskapen i syfte att engagera i aktiv diskussion för främjandet av smart rumslig planering mellan myndigheterna.

During the last ten years the small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) sector has become firmly established at the top of the development agenda for many countries, hence, marking this sector's increasingly acknowledged economic importance. Evidence from various parts of the world has shown clear signs of the growth of SMEs. Despite this, little attention has been given to understanding the environmental impacts these enterprises produce or to defining the role these entities play in terms of sustainable regional development. This thesis sets out to contribute to a better understanding of the influence of SMEs on sustainable regional development, as well as the contribution of SMEs to the economy in terms of job creation in the context of developing countries using Egypt and its Ismailia region as the basis for case study. Three main hypotheses were formulated relevant to the role of SMEs in sustainable regional development. In general, these hypotheses relate to the following: 1) The contribution of SMEs to the regional economy; 2) Problems and barriers SMEs face in achieving sustainable development; and 3) The potential for SMEs to utilize available existing resources to enhance their role in achieving sustainable regional development. In order to test these three hypotheses and to answer related questions, an analysis was undertaken within the framework of two spatial tiers: national and regional, that is Egypt and Ismailia, respectively. Two types of data were used - primary and secondary. A sample of 101 entrepreneurs and 100 workers were interviewed from the Ismailia region. The results of these interviews were analyzed in the empirical portions of this thesis. Chapter one pertains to the justification of the thesis; its objectives; the development of related research questions and hypotheses; the methodology used for data analysis; data sources used; questionnaire design; survey methods; and problems of data collection. Chapter two discusses the concept of SMEs worldwide and in Egypt as a basis from which to provide a concrete definition of SMEs that is used in the empirical portion of this study. In addition, the potential of SMEs and the problems facing SMEs in terms of sustainable regional development, the differences between SMEs and larger enterprises, as well as the importance of SMEs for the Egyptian economy are discussed in this chapter. The relationship between SMEs and sustainable urban and regional development is highlighted in more detail in chapter three. This relationship is discussed within the context of the notions of the overall concept of sustainable development, the sustainable regional development agenda in Egypt and related regulations, and the positive characteristics SMEs need in order to bring sustainable urban and regional development to fruition. Chapter four examines the first hypothesis of this study; this hypothesis states that, in general, SMEs have a positive effect on the economic and social development of a region. This chapter evaluates the ability of SMEs to drive the regional and national chains of economic added value; the capability of SMEs to create job opportunities at the regional level; and the effects of SMEs in terms of improved life-style and standard of living of workers and their families. Chapter five tests the second hypothesis in this thesis which states that the affects of a variety of types and sizes of SMEs on regional sustainable development is limited, at least for the time being. This chapter provides an analysis of economic, social and environmental obstacles and constraints that SMEs must face on a daily basis to achieve sustainable development in the region. In chapter six the potential by which SMEs can utilize their assets to enhance their contribution to sustainable regional development is evaluated; the potential opportunities available to SMEs to make better use of local raw materials and to drive the chain of economic activity within the Ismailia region were examined. The ability of SMEs to work more efficiently through the use of clusters and networks as a potential strategy is clarified. Chapter Seven presents a compilation of the detailed findings of this thesis along with the lessons that have emerged as a result of the research conducted. A series of policies and recommendations are provided as a means from which to create favourable conditions to encourage SMEs to play a more significant role in the national economy and in subsequent sustainable regional development. From a national perspective, the activities of SMEs are not usually the most serious source of environmental degradation, but, collectively, their sheer numbers may translate into substantial impacts on the eco-system. While the individual SME has financial problems related to the treatment and disposal of its waste, the adoption of an industrial cluster strategy for SMEs can provide an efficient solution to this problem. A cluster should consist of several single enterprises located in close proximity to one another, thereby, improving the ease of and costs associated with the treatment and disposal of environmental wastes. This study advocates the necessity of raising the degree of environmental awareness for organizations, syndicates, unions and societies related to SMEs, as well as entrepreneurs and labourers in their respective domains. Opportunities for raising environmental awareness can be implemented through a series of organized seminars, meetings and workshops designed to motivate individuals and small businesses within the society of SMEs to incorporate an ecological sense and approach into their daily behaviour and practices. A national policy must be adopted in Egypt in order for the SMEs sector to be successful in its contribution to sustainable development. Such policy must be all-inclusive and provide for the technical support of SMEs, financial support to SMEs, environmental support to SMEs, as well as provide overarching legislative support relevant to this particular sector of the business environment.