Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:53:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HELAINE SOARES PIMENTEL TEIXEIRA.pdf: 23721451 bytes, checksum: 31ee28475a9cfed2ee6e807caffc7603 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-08 / Tourist activity presents a significant growth worldwide, being an activity that directly or indirectly nurture jobs, promotes local development, generates income and contributes significantly to improving the quality of life of people. However it should be evident that this activity has its impact, whether negative and positive. Among the negatives we have the mass tourism contribute to the expansion of environmental problems and the positive favoring development of a community. Given these impacts already evidenced by tourism, this activity is currently being undertaken on a new environmental paradigm, taking into consideration the principles of sustainability, identified as a powerful tool for development and as such, can actively participate in sustainable development strategies. This research aimed to evaluate the tourism city of Buriti Alegre / Goiás, through the key indicators of sustainability of the World Tourism Organization, aimed at developing the local tourism sustainability. For its development beyond literature, drew up questionnaires that analyze the satisfaction of residents, tourists and owners of the attractions of the municipality with respect to tourism in the municipality. After analyzing the questionnaires it was found that the community, tourists and owners of attractions in the city consider local tourism as economic development, believes the city has tourism potential and wants city managers implement means for its development. We conclude that tourism in the municipality is not configured as sustainable tourism, according to the analysis of key indicators of OMT as noted structural problems, social and environmental. / A atividade turística apresenta um expressivo crescimento mundial, por ser uma atividade que de forma direta ou indireta oportuniza postos de trabalho, favorece o desenvolvimento local, gera renda e contribui significativamente para a melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas. No entanto deve-se evidenciar que esta atividade tem seus impactos, sejam eles negativos e positivos. Dentre os negativos temos a massificação do turismo contribuindo com a expansão dos problemas ambientais e os positivos o favorecimento de desenvolvimento de uma comunidade. Diante destes impactos já evidenciados pelo turismo, atualmente esta atividade é desenvolvida sobre um novo paradigma ambiental, levando em considerações os princípios da sustentabilidade, apontada como um poderoso instrumento de desenvolvimento e como tal, pode participar ativamente das estratégias de desenvolvimento sustentável. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o turismo do município de Buriti Alegre/Goiás, por meio dos indicadores-chaves de sustentabilidade da Organização Mundial do Turismo, visando o desenvolvimento da sustentabilidade turística local. Para o seu desenvolvimento além de levantamento bibliográfico, elaborou-se questionários que analisam a satisfação dos moradores, turistas e proprietários dos atrativos do município com relação ao turismo do município. Após a análise dos questionários verificou-se que a comunidade, os turistas e os proprietários de atrativos no município consideram o turismo local como desenvolvimento econômico, acredita que o município tem potencial turístico e deseja que os gestores municipais implementassem meios para o seu desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que o turismo do município não se configura como um turismo sustentável, de acordo com a análise dos indicadores-chaves da OMT, pois se observa problemas de ordem estrutural, social e ambiental.

The diploma thesis deals with such terms as sustainable development and sustainable tourism. Theoretical part contains a brief description of basic terms and of sustainable development conferences. The practical part of the thesis is focused on Vysočina region, its description, possibilities of utilization of European subsidies. The end of the thesis is devoted to possibilities of application of sustainable tourism in the region

Ao mesmo tempo em que o turismo é reconhecido como uma atividade potencialmente causadora de danos ao meio ambiente, motivando diversas pesquisas e ações que visam fomentar a sustentabilidade do setor, a imaterialidade permanece como característica amplamente aceita no entendimento da natureza dos serviços em geral. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa tem como objetivo discutir, à luz de teorias da economia de serviços, a materialidade dos serviços de hospedagem. Para tanto, utiliza se revisão da literatura e a estrutura analítica do conceito de ciclo de vida para abordar as entradas e saídas associadas aos aspectos ambientais do produto fornecido pelos meios de hospedagem. Foram considerados os estágios de produção e uso dos serviços de hospedagem. Assim, diferentes entradas e saídas associadas às fontes de materialidade desses serviços podem ser identificadas. As entradas são: consumo de energia, água, alimentos e bebidas, produtos de higiene pessoal, produtos de limpeza, produtos químicos, combustíveis fósseis e outros produtos. Já as saídas identificadas são: geração de resíduos orgânicos e inorgânicos, descargas de efluentes, emissões atmosféricas, emissões de ruídos e emissões de odores. Tais entradas e saídas decorrem do conteúdo material dos serviços de hospedagem, o qual se manifesta nos locais físicos de produção e na operação dos fatores de produção utilizados. Discutir a materialidade dos serviços e impulsionar um bom desempenho ambiental dos meios de hospedagem é parte importante de um contexto de promoção do turismo sustentável / While tourism is recognized as a potential cause of damage to the environment and motivates several researches and actions designed to promote the sector\'s sustainability, the immateriality remains a widely accepted feature in understanding the nature of the services. In this sense, the research aims to discuss, in the light of service economy theories, the materiality of the accommodation services. Therefore, the research uses literature review and the analytical framework of the life cycle concept to address the inputs and outputs associated with the environmental aspects of the product provided by the accommodation businesses. The stages of production and consumption of accommodation services were considered. Thus, different inputs and outputs associated to the materiality sources of accommodation services can be identified. The inputs are: consumption of energy, water, food and beverage, personal care products, cleaning products, chemicals, fossil fuels and other products. The outputs are organic and inorganic waste generation, effluent discharges, atmospheric emissions, noise emissions and odor emissions. These inputs and outputs are derived from the material content of the accommodation services, which is manifested in the physical sites of production and in the production factors operations. Discussing the services materiality and promoting a good environmental performance of accommodations businesses is important in a context of promoting sustainable tourism

abstract: The emergence of social media in concert with improved camera and cell phone technologies has helped usher in an age of unprecedented visual communication which has radically changed the tourism industry worldwide. Serving as an important pillar of tourism and leisure studies, the concept of the tourist gaze has been left relatively unexamined within the context of this new visual world and more specifically image based social media. This phenomenological inquiry sought to explore how image based social media impacts the concept of the tourist gaze and furthermore to discover how the democratization of the gaze in concert with specific features of image based social media applications impacts the hermeneutic circle of the tourist gaze. This in-depth analysis of the user experience within the context of travel consisted of 19 semi-structured photo elicitation interviews and incorporated 57 participant generated photos. Six salient themes emerged from the study of this phenomenon; 1) sphere of influence, 2) exchange of information, 3) connections manifested, 4) impression management and content curation, 5) replicated travel photography, and 6) expectations. Analysis of these themes in conjunction with examples from the lived user experience demonstrate that the tourist gaze is being accelerated and expanded by image based social media in a rapid manner. Furthermore, democratization of the gaze as enabled by technological developments and specialized social media platforms is actively shifting the power role away from a small number of mass media influencers towards a larger number of branded individuals and social media influencers. Results of this inquiry support the theoretical assertions that the tourist gaze adapts to social and technological developments and demonstrates that the concept of the tourist gaze is increasingly important within tourism studies. Practical implications regarding the prevalence of real-time information, site visitation, and “taking only pictures” as sustainable touristic behavior are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Community Resources and Development 2019

Turistbranschen är en starkt växande bransch vilken har ökat i omsättning de senaste åren. Hållbarhet har blivit en faktor för verksamheter att ta hänsyn till vilket bidrar till förändrad styrriktning. Det är svårt att styra i en verksamhet med mycket förändringar och säsongspersonal vilka endast jobbar några få veckor om året. Ytterligare en svårighet med att styra inom en turistverksamhet är att engagera och motivera medarbetare och gäster i processer och förändringar. Med tanke på att den största delen av de anställda i turistverksamheten är säsongsanställda är det viktigt att verksamheterna visar vägen. För att styra i en verksamhet krävs det olika styrmedel. De styrmedel vilka behandlas i denna studie är; målstyrning, informell- och formell styrning, budgetering, motivation, information och kommunikation. Vid denna kvalitativa studie användes semistrukturerade intervjuer med olika campinganläggningar, detta för att utforska vilka medel verksamheterna använder vid styrning och förändringsprocesser med hänsyn till hållbarhet. Men också för att redogöra hur verksamheter skapar engagemang hos både gäster och medarbetare. Efter att intervjuerna var gjorda och utarbetade tolkades detta material tillsammans med den teoretiska referensramen vilken tagits fram. Vi har konstaterat att turistverksamheter har beaktat hållbara åtgärder, både miljömässiga och sociala. Resultatet av studien visar att styrmedlen; information, kommunikation, motivation och organisationskultur är det främsta för att styra verksamheterna i förändring med hänsyn till hållbarhet. / The tourist industry is a strong growing industry which has increased in sales during recent years. Sustainability has become a factor for businesses to take into account which contributes to changing direction. It is difficult to manage a business with many changes and seasonal staff who only work a few weeks a year. Another difficulty in managing a tourism business is to engage and motivate employees and guests in processes and changes. Bearing in mind that the majority of employees in the touristbusiness are seasonal employees, it is important that the business show the road. To control a business, different instruments are required. The instruments discussed in this study are; goal management, informal and formal control, budgeting, motivation, information and communication. In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews with various campings were used, this in order to explore the operations used in managing and change processes in terms of sustainability. And also to describe how businesses create engagement with both guests and employees. After the interviews were made and worked through, the material was interpreted in conjunction with the theoretical reference framework that were developed. We have found that touristbusinesses have taken sustainable actions into account, both environmental and social. The result of the study shows that the instruments; information, communication, motivation and organizational culture are the primary means of controlling the businesses in change with sustainability consideration.

This thesis seeks to gain insight into environmental management implemented by micro and small tourism enterprises and explore levels of awareness and interest among owner-managers of micro and small tourism enterprises toward schemes aiming for the environmental improvement of business. The research uncovers findings that elevate possibilities for reducing misinterpretation of terminology relative to sustainable tourism business. This research seeks to understand why the suggested lack of sustainable tourism implementation remains evident in tourism. Discussion from findings intends to draw attention to central themes relative to achieving research objectives and seeks to yield important information in the pursuit of sustainable tourism business. A qualitative, semi-structured interview approach was used to gain in-depth and detailed perspectives from owner-managers of micro and small tourism enterprises. Owner-managers interviewed were purposively chosen using non-probability sampling. Selection was based on providing a variety of tourism businesses and physical business locations across the case study region. Overall, findings suggest that owner-managers are implementing low levels of environmental management and have limited knowledge of what implementation of environmental management specifically involves, such as, how long it takes and how much it costs. The underlying values of owner-managers demonstrate potential opportunities for further implementation of sustainable business practice. In addition, owner-managers seemed to place importance in conducting business responsibly and having minimal impact on the environment so that quality of life remains for future generations. Essentially, research findings aid in the understanding of why the suggested lack of sustainable tourism implementation remains evident in tourism and pose future avenues for research in the pursuit of sustainable tourism business.

Energy use associated with tourism has rarely been studied, despite a potentially considerable contribution to global or national energy demand and concomitant greenhouse gas emissions. In New Zealand, tourism constitutes an increasingly important economic sector that is supported by the Government to induce further economic growth. At the same time New Zealand is facing the challenge of reducing currently increasing fossil fuel combustion and carbon dioxide emissions. As a response, this study investigated the contribution tourism makes to energy use in New Zealand. In particular it has examined the role of the three main tourism subsectors (transport, accommodation, and attractions/activities), and different domestic and international 'tourist types'. Seven separate data analyses provided inputs for building a model based on 'tourist types' from which energy use in the New Zealand tourism sector could be estimated. Tourism was found to contribute at least 5.6% to national energy demand, which is larger than its 4.9% contribution to GDP in 2000. Transport, in particular domestic air and car travel, was identified as the dominant energy consumer. Within the accommodation sub-sector, hotels are the largest energy consumers, both in total and on a per visitor-night basis. Of the three sub-sectors, attractions and activities contribute least to energy use, however, activities such as scenic flights or boat cruises were recognised as being energy intensive. As a result of larger visitor volumes, domestic tourists contribute more to energy consumption than international tourists. Domestic and international tourists types differ in their energy consumption patterns, for example measured as energy use per travel day. Tourist types that rely on air travel are the most energy intensive ones, for example the domestic 'long air business' travellers or the international 'coach tourists'. The importance of international tourists' energy use will increase, given current growth rates. There are many options to decrease energy use of the tourism sector, with the most effective ones being within the energy intensive transport sub-sector. Increasing vehicle efficiencies and decreasing travel distances appear to be the most promising measures. This study argues that energy use depends largely on tourists' travel behaviour. Changing behaviour is possible but is postulated to be very difficult, and further research is needed to better understand tourists' motivations, expectations and decision-making. Only then, can strategies be developed and implemented to alter travel behaviours to better balance energy use, other environmental impacts and economic yield. Such a balance is a crucial consideration in the search for more sustainable forms of tourism.

<p>Cambodia differs from many other developing countries because of one specific asset which is tourism. The number of tourists in Cambodia is currently growing with a rapid pace due to the Angkor site near the city of Siem Reap.</p><p>The growing number of tourists has definitely created challenges for the accommodation industry in the Siem Reap region. This has created the need for achieving a delicate balance between the exploration of the region and how much the region can cater for regarding the environment, social and long-term economical benefits. This growth has however brought along many downsides such as economical, environmental, social, cultural, political, and technological. There are no previous studies done about sustainable practice in the accommodation industry in developing countries. This study examines the barriers for the implementation of sustainable practice among accommodation providers in Siem Reap.</p><p>The first step is this process was to determine the state of the environment. The second step was to determine the cause of the state followed by determining the process of change for sustainable development which can be regarded as the barriers. Previous studies have concluded that barriers of financial difficulties, the cost of change, lack of resources, the lack of information and support regarding sustainable tourism are common barriers for the implementation of sustainable practice. The barriers can be categorized into industry barriers related to industry specific characteristics and organizational barriers that refer to barriers due to characteristics within the firm.</p><p>This report is based on a case study in which hermeneutic and qualitative method was used. The data was based on a content analysis of reports published by the International Development Centre of Japan in cooperation with the Cambodian Ministry of Tourism and 14 interviews with accommodation providers in Siem Reap.</p><p>In many areas there was a lack of sustainable practices and many barriers could be uncovered. Barriers included among others lack of financial resources which restricted ownership, low awareness of the environmental state, lack of governmental support; an insufficient educational quality which limits management opportunities for Cambodians and insufficient quality in the environmental friendly products.</p><p>This study has expanded the knowledge of barriers for the implementation not only to include environmental sustainable practices but also to include barriers when it economical, social, cultural, political and technological dimensions. These barriers should be considered representative for barriers for the implementation of sustainable practices in the accommodation industry in developing countries, especially in contexts with a similar development pattern as Siem Reap.</p>

<p>The country Cambodia has in the last recent years prospered as an international tourist destination and the tourism industry has become more recognised as a major source of income. The international tourist destination has therefore come to occupy an important role for the country’s economic development. Concerning the fact that Cambodia is a Third World country the local community can be extremely vulnerable in relation to the consequences that international tourism can create. The project ChildSafe was formed by the organization Friends International as a consequence of the poor situation for street children.</p><p>This project works to protect children from all sorts of abuse. This project has also developed information for the international tourist to take part of while visiting the country. This information provides guidelines concerning how to act as a responsible tourist. The aim of this study is consequently to investigate how international tourism can influence the social community in Cambodia.</p><p>To limit the research the study will focus on the organization ChildSafe and their work to promote a sustainable social development. It will also focus on the Ministry of Tourism and their work and attitude towards the same issue.</p><p>The result of the study shows that international tourism affects the social community in many ways, both positive and negative. International tourism can contribute to the community and create a sustainable social development if there is support, information, incentives or regulations for the tourists that interests them or controls them in a way that is beneficial for the local community.</p><p>Both ChildSafe and the Ministry of Tourism agree that the main positive consequence of international tourism for the social community is the revenue that the tourism industry can generate. Concerning the negative impacts of tourism the two organizations differ significantly as ChildSafe identifies many negative consequences for the social community. The Ministry of Tourism, on the other hand, believes that the negative impacts of international tourism do not affect the community significantly.</p><p>However, both organizations believe that sustainable tourism can support the local community and create a sustainable social development. It is concluded from the work done by ChildSafe that international tourism can be used to promote the social community, but only if there is support and information for the international tourists when they arrive in the country. Finally, it is concluded that support from the Ministry of Tourism is needed as it is believed that they possess the greatest power of change for the tourist destination Cambodia.</p>

The following is a qualitative exploration of place identity, wilderness and cultural tourism interpreter guides, and sustainable tourism development in Canada’s Yukon Territory. Four research sub-questions are used to glean insights and advance this study: 1) how are Yukon place identities characterized in relation to remoteness?; 2) how is Yukon tourism positioned in relation to these place identities of remoteness?; 3) how is remoteness reflected in the place identities of wilderness and cultural tourism interpreter guides?; and 4) how do the place identities of wilderness and cultural interpreter guides influence the way they design and deliver their tourism activities? Recognizing the importance of “sense of place” as a tourism development tool, cultural geography was used to analyse guide place identity in relation to place-making and place-marketing processes. The study involved textual analysis of resident and tourist oriented documents, participant observation of guides and their tourism activities, and an analysis of place identity narratives identified in interviews with wilderness and cultural tourism guides. Three collective place identity narratives were used as a framework to examine place relationships in a tourism context: 1) Masculinist Narratives, 2) Narratives of the New Sublime, and 3) Narratives of Loss. In this study, place identity is explored in terms of the way it is expressed through, and influenced by, notions of “remoteness.” Remoteness is conceptualized as a social, cultural, historical and geographical construct that holds meaningful – if differently experienced and expressed – place identity values for residents and tourists alike. Remoteness is defined by the Yukon’s vast wilderness, its distance [real and perceived] from southern Canada and “civilization,” and its unique cultural makeup and history, especially with regard to lingering notions of an untamed frontier and its First Nations residents. Findings discuss infrastructure as a pivotal paradox; one that hinges on the “remote-accessible” nature of the Yukon’s tourism development question. Relationships between guide place identity, tourism experience authenticity and the nature of interpretation, type of tourism operation and tourism experience are identified and considered in relation to special interest tourism. Finally, implications for tourism and destination management and the goals of sustainable tourism development are discussed. / Tourism