Despite decades of U.S. water quality management efforts, over half of assessed waterbody units were threatened or impaired for designated uses in the most recent assessments, with urban runoff being a leading contributor to those impairments. This cumulative research explores several aspects of urban runoff dynamics through a combination of field study and modeling. Stormwater ponds are ubiquitous in developed landscapes due to their ability to provide multiple forms of treatment for stormwater runoff. However, evolving design goals have reduced the applicability of much of the early work that was done on pond effectiveness. In this study, we instrumented a recently constructed detention pond in Burlington, VT, USA. Flow gaging demonstrated that the pond achieved a 93% reduction in event peak flow rates over the monitoring period. Storm sampling showed that the pond significantly reduced total (TN) (1.45 mg/L median influent, 0.93 mg/L median effluent, p < 0.001) and total phosphorus (TP) (0.498 mg/L median influent, 0.106 mg/L median effluent, p < 0.001) concentrations over the events sampled. A loading analysis estimated the TN and TP removal efficiencies for the pond to be 23% and 77% respectively. Lastly, temperature data collected from the pond showed that during the summer the pond accumulates considerable heat energy. This study adds to the body of literature on detention pond performance, and raises concerns about the extensive use of stormwater ponds in watersheds where thermal stress is a concern. EPA SWMM is a widely used urban hydrologic, hydraulic and water quality model, though its application can be limited due to its deterministic nature, high dimensional parameter space, and the resulting implications for modelling uncertainty. In this work, I applied a global sensitivity analysis (SA) and evolutionary strategies (ES) calibration to SWMM to produce model predictions that account for parameter uncertainty in a headwater tributary case study in South Burlington, VT, USA. Parameter sensitivity was found to differ based on model structure, and the ES approach was generally successful at calibrating selected parameters, although less so as the number of concurrently varying parameters increased. A watershed water quality analysis using the calibrated model suggested that for different events in the record, the stream channel was alternately a source and a sink for sediment and nutrients, based on the predicted washoff loads and the measured loads from the stream sampling stations. These results add to the previous work on SWMM SA, auto-calibration, and parameter uncertainty assessment. Lastly, given the extent of eutrophication impairment in the U.S., I compared TN and TP data collected in these original works with national and regional datasets. TN concentrations sampled in this work were generally commensurate with values reported elsewhere, however TP data were not. Drainage area attributes and an event based rainfall runoff analysis of the study catchments provided circumstantial support for the idea that runoff from lawns is driving the high TP loads in Englesby Brook. The role of pet wastes is considered as a potentially fruitful area for further research.

O crescimento populacional das últimas décadas, cada vez mais concentrado no ambiente urbano, tem pressionado as cidades a aliar a absorção desse contingente à proteção e convívio com seus recursos naturais. A cidade de Palmas não se furta a esse cenário, embora tenha a característica peculiar de possuir planos diretores urbanísticos desde a sua concepção. Nesse sentido, este estudo buscou oferecer diretrizes para o planejamento urbano municipal, com base na resposta hidrológico-hidráulica a diferentes cenários de uso e ocupação do solo da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Suçuapara. Esta bacia localiza-se na região central da cidade, com alto potencial de impermeabilização, e começa a apresentar eventos de transbordamento em uma de suas estruturas hidráulicas. A resposta da bacia aos cenários modelados fora analisada com o auxílio de um modelo construído no software SWMM. Além disso, avaliou-se a utilização de valas, trincheiras e poços de infiltração. Os resultados apontaram que os transbordamentos da estrutura hidráulica advêm da insuficiência de sua capacidade frente à inserção de novas redes de drenagem a montante, embora a sua expansão não comprometa os trechos à jusante. Os demais trechos da rede de drenagem, incluindo o curso d’água principal, são plenamente capazes de escoar as vazões, mesmo nos cenários com maior impermeabilidade da bacia. Também fora observado que, ainda com a utilização de todo o potencial construtivo da bacia, mantendo-se a atual taxa de habitantes/m², os valores de densidades atingidos são aquém dos preconizados pelos planos urbanísticos municipais. Para a potencialização de sua ocupação, sem grandes impactos ao sistema de drenagem da bacia, fora recomendado o possível aumento do potencial construtivo concedido pela Outorga Onerosa do Diretor de Construir, a concepção de uma Operação Urbana Consorciada para a implantação completa do Parque Linear dos Povos Indígenas, adjacente ao Córrego Suçuapara, e a possível alteração de uso do solo de algumas áreas verdes das quadras. / The population growth of the last decades, increasingly concentrated in the urban environment, has pressed the cities to combine the absorption of this contingent to living together and protect its natural resources. The city of Palmas does not escape this scenario, although it has the peculiar characteristic of owning urbanistic master plans from its conception. In this sense, this study sought to offer guidelines for municipal urban planning, based on the hydrological-hydraulic response to different scenarios of land use and occupation of the Córrego Suçuapra catchment. This catchment is located in the central region of the city, with high potential for increasing its impervious area, and begins to show events of overflow in one of its hydraulic structures. The response of the catchment to the modeled scenarios was analyzed with the aid of a SWMM software model. In addition, the use of swales, infiltration trenches and infiltration wells was evaluated. The results indicated that the overflow of the hydraulic structure comes from the insufficiency of its capacity in front of the insertion of new drainage networks upstream, although its expansion does not compromise the downstream sections. The other stretches of the drainage network, including the main river, are fully capable of convey the discharge, even in the scenarios with greater impervious areas on the catchment. It was also observed that, even with the use of all the constructive potential of the catchment, maintaining the current inhabitants/m² rate, the densities reached are lower than those recommended by the municipal urban plans. In order to enhance its occupation without major impacts to the drainage system of the catchment, it was recommended the possible increase in the constructive potential granted by the Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir, the design of an Operação Urbana Consorciada for the complete implementation of the Parque Linear dos Povos Indígenas, adjacent to the Córrego Suçuapara catchment, and the possible alteration of the land use of some green areas of the blocks.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-16T20:39:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GeorgiaMoreiraGurgel_DISSERT.pdf: 12815990 bytes, checksum: 923ea7cc1d7d815f0404b42cfcd4f2c8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-18T23:27:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GeorgiaMoreiraGurgel_DISSERT.pdf: 12815990 bytes, checksum: 923ea7cc1d7d815f0404b42cfcd4f2c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T23:27:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GeorgiaMoreiraGurgel_DISSERT.pdf: 12815990 bytes, checksum: 923ea7cc1d7d815f0404b42cfcd4f2c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O crescimento desordenado da maioria das cidades brasileiras n?o ?, de forma planejada, acompanhado pelo desenvolvimento da infraestrutura urbana. Com o aumento da impermeabiliza??o do solo, do escoamento superficial e a diminui??o do volume infiltrado, impactos sobre os recursos h?dricos e sobre a popula??o das ?reas afetadas pelo crescimento urbano s?o inevit?veis. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o uso e ocupa??o do solo de uma bacia e analisar o sistema de drenagem, de forma a controlar os impactos por meio de medidas que integrem o desenvolvimento urbano com a drenagem das ?guas pluviais em uma importante bacia na cidade de Natal/RN. O estudo envolveu a caracteriza??o da bacia XII.4, sobre o uso e ocupa??o do solo, referente aos anos de 2005 e 2014. Com a aplica??o do modelo SWMM foi poss?vel analisar os impactos causados pelo processo de urbaniza??o no sistema de drenagem existente, mostrando que os dois anos analisados encontram- se com suas ?reas muito pr?ximas do estado de satura??o, em termos de porcentagem de ?reas imperme?veis. Apesar da regi?o ainda ser predominantemente residencial unifamiliar, sofre crescente verticaliza??o, principalmente de edif?cios comerciais. Sobre o sistema de drenagem, este se encontra ineficiente para as necessidades da ?rea j? no ano de 2005. O sistema de drenagem tamb?m foi testado para quatro varia??es de uso do solo atrav?s da elabora??o de cen?rios. O cen?rio 1 ? relacionado ao ano de 2014, considerado atual. O cen?rio 2 foi adotada a taxa m?xima de 80% para a ocupa??o do solo, permitida para o munic?pio de Natal. O cen?rio 3 apresenta o estado cr?tico de ocupa??o do solo, estando ? ?rea 100% impermeabilizada. O cen?rio 4 ? aplicado para a exist?ncia de LID( Dispositivo de Baixo Impacto). A an?lise dos cen?rios mostrou que todos indicam defici?ncia em algum ponto do sistema de drenagem em conseq??ncia do alto grau de ocupa??o da ?rea que geram escoamentos superiores a capacidade inicial do sistema. Com o estudo ficou claro que a ado??o de medidas n?o estruturais s?o eficientes na redu??o de alagamentos e no aumento da capacidade do sistema de drenagem. / The uncontrolled growth of most Brazilian cities is not accompanied by the development of urban infrastructure. With increasing soil sealing, runoff and decreased infiltration volume, impacts on water resources and on population of the areas affected by urban growth are inevitable. This study aims to evaluate the use and occupation of a watershed and analyze the drainage system in order to control the impact using tools to integrate urban development with the drainage of rainwater in an important watershed in the Natal City, Rio Grande do Norte State. The study involved the characterization of the basin XII.4 on the land use and occupation, for the years 2005 and 2014. With the application of SWMM model was possible to analyze the impacts caused by the urbanization process in the existing drainage system, showing the two years analyzed have their areas very close to percentage saturation of impervious areas. Although the region is still predominantly single family residential, suffers increasing verticalization of mainly commercial buildings. The drainage system is inefficient for the area's needs by the year 2005. The drainage system was also tested for four variations of land use by developing scenarios. Scenario 1 is related to the year 2014, considered current. Scenario 2 was adopted the maximum rate of 80% for land use, allowed for the Natal City. Scenario 3 gives the critical condition of land use, with the area 100% impervious. Scenario 4 is applied to the existence of LID (Low Impact Device). The scenarios analysis showed that all indicate deficiency at some point of the drainage system as a result of the high degree of occupation of the area that generate higher flows than the initial drainage system capacity. With the study it became clear that the adoption of non-structural tools are effective in reducing flooding and improving the drainage system capacity.

The objective of this research was to evaluate SWMM model for the urban drainage basins Alto da Colina and Sítio do Tio Pedro at Santa Maria-RS, through the variation of the parameters involved in the calibration, searching the best representation of the processes involved in the pluvial drainage pattern. For the basin Alto da Colina the simulations had been made in separate way for the agricultural and urban part of the basin. The basin Sítio do Tio Pedro was discretizada in 11 sub-basins. The basins Alto da Colina II, Alto da Colina and Sítio do Tio Pedro have areas of 1,44, 1,89 and 0,39 km² and percentages of impervious areas of 3,82, 8,69 and 13.09% respectively. The main focus of the work was on the calibration of inundation events for the respective basins and the agreement of the involved parameters in the simulations. For the basin Alto da Colina II ten events had been selected, and for the basin Sítio do Tio Pedro eight events had been selected. In the basin Alto da Colina I the simulation it was made only for four events. Techniques of geoprocessing for the survey of the physical characteristics and the land use. Also some works of field had been carried through, with the use of topography techniques with the objective to get the representative transversal sections of the stream. The results gotten in the calibration of the parameters had been satisfactory. For the discretisation adopted in the basin Alto da Colina II it was obtained a medium correlation coefficient between the values calculated and observed of 0,94 and average error in the discharge peak and drained storage of 1,16% and 4,71% respectively for the simulated events. In the applied discretisation of the basin Alto da Colina it was obtained a medium correlation coefficient of 0,99, however with average error in the discharge peak and drained storage of 0,63% and 13,44% respectively. For the basin Sítio do Tio Pedro the medium correlation coefficient was of 0,93 and average errors in the discharge peak and drained storage of 4,43% and 5,55%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis was carried through for the basins Alto da Colina II and Sítio do Tio Pedro and the parameters that showing higher sensibility in the two basins were capacity of Infiltration (I) and the Manning s roughness coefficient for the modules Runoff and Extran, respectively. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o modelo SWMM para as bacias hidrográficas urbanas Alto da Colina e Sítio do Tio Pedro, em Santa Maria-RS, através da variação dos parâmetros envolvidos na calibração, buscando a melhor representação dos processos envolvidos no escoamento pluvial. Para a bacia Alto da Colina, as simulações foram feitas de maneira separada para a parte rural e urbana da bacia. A bacia Sítio do Tio Pedro foi discretizada em 11 sub-bacias. As bacias Alto da Colina II, Alto da Colina I e Sítio do Tio Pedro têm áreas de 1,44, 1,89 e 0,39 km² e porcentagens de áreas impermeáveis de 3,82, 8,69 e 13,09% respectivamente. O enfoque principal do trabalho foi a calibração de eventos de cheia selecionados para as respectivas bacias e o entendimento dos parâmetros envolvidos nas simulações. Para a bacia Alto da Colina II foram selecionados dez eventos, e para a bacia Sítio do Tio Pedro foram selecionados oito eventos. Na bacia Alto da Colina I, a simulação foi feita apenas para quatro eventos. Foram utilizadas algumas técnicas de geoprocessamento para o levantamento das características físicas e do uso e ocupação do solo. Também foram realizados alguns trabalhos de campo, com a utilização de técnicas de topografia, com o objetivo de obter as seções transversais representativas dos trechos de arroio. Os resultados obtidos na calibração dos parâmetros foram satisfatórios. Para a discretização adotada na bacia hidrográfica Alto da Colina II foi obtido um coeficiente de correlação médio entre os valores calculados e observados de 0,94 e erros médios na vazão de pico e volume escoado, de 1,16% e 4,71%, respectivamente, para os eventos simulados. Na discretização aplicada à bacia hidrográfica Alto da Colina I obteve-se um coeficiente de correlação médio de 0,99, porém com erros médios na vazão de pico e volume escoado de 0,63% e 13,44%, respectivamente. Para a bacia hidrográfica Sítio do tio Pedro o coeficiente de correlação médio encontrado foi de 0,93 e erros médios na vazão de pico e volume escoado, de 4,43% e 5,55%, respectivamente. A análise de sensibilidade foi realizada para as bacias Alto da Colina II e Sítio do Tio Pedro, e os parâmetros que apresentaram sensibilidade elevada nas duas bacias foram o de Infiltração (I) e o coeficiente de rugosidade de Manning para os módulos Runoff e Extran, respectivamente.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Recently, engineering researches which deal with urban drainage are proposing the use of computational tools in order to anticipate peak discharges of watersheds and the hydraulic behavior of drainage network system. The use of hydrological and hydraulic computer modeling ensures the minimization of errors in the engineering design process, as well as an increase in quality of the drainage planning work.Therefore, the actual study uses two well know drainage computer codes HEC-HMS and SWMM to design structures to decrease discharge peaks in a watershed situated in a critical area of Fortaleza with respect to floods.This watershed is located west of the city of Fortaleza and at drains the AlagadiÃo stream, which is also the name of the basin. Computer simulation were performed using return periods of 20, 50 e 100 year with and without the presence of dams using both HEC-HMS andSWMM.It was proposed three dams and they were simulated separately and altogether.Result of the simulation showed that the presence of only two dams, caused a significant decrease in flood peaks. According the HEC-HMS this reduction was 24%. According to SWMM, this reduction was 42%. This study is a contribution to the use of computer models in designing urban flood control structures. / Nos Ãltimos anos, pesquisas que envolvem o tema drenagem urbana vÃm introduzindo substancialmente a idÃia do uso de modelos computacionais que simulam os picos de cheias das bacias hidrolÃgicas e o comportamento hidrÃulico da rede de drenagem da bacia. Com o uso da modelagem hidrÃulico-hidrolÃgica podem ser minimizados erros de dimensionamento de projeto, bem como otimizar o planejamento de obras de infra-estrutura com modelos mais detalhados e com menores incerteza, aumentando o nÃvel de confiabilidade da obra. Assim sendo, nesta pesquisa foram escolhidos dois softwares, jà bastante conceituados nos estudos de drenagem urbana, o HEC-HMS e o SWMM, para a anÃlise das suas aplicabilidades no estudo hidrÃulico-hidrolÃgico de amortecimento de cheias em uma das Ãreas crÃticas sujeitas a alagamento no municÃpio de Fortaleza. A Ãrea està localizada a oeste da cidade, e à delimitada pelas Ãreas de contribuiÃÃo do riacho AlagadiÃo, que dà nome a bacia do estudo. Intencionando a atenuaÃÃo dos picos de chuva da Ãrea, foram feitas simulaÃÃes com e sem o uso de reservatÃrios de detenÃÃo para os tempos de recorrÃncia de 20, 50 e 100 anos. Para tanto foram testados o uso de trÃs reservatÃrios em possÃveis pontos de acoplamento, onde foram feitas aplicaÃÃes sem o uso de reservatÃrios, com o uso dos trÃs reservatÃrios separadamente, em pares e em conjunto os trÃs. Dos resultados, observou-se que apenas dois dos reservatÃrios obtiveram uma diminuiÃÃo considerÃvel para a minimizaÃÃo dos problemas de inundaÃÃo da bacia do riacho AlagadiÃo, sendo obtida uma reduÃÃo do pico de cheias de atà 24%, segundo os resultados do HEC-HMS e 42% pelos dados do SWMM, utilizando os dois em conjunto. Por fim, confirma-se a credibilidade no uso das ferramentas computacionais HEC-HMS e SWMM em obras de infra-estrutura urbana, com nÃveis bastante relevantes de detalhamento da bacia. Este estudo à um passo inicial para o desenvolvimento de novos projetos de infra-estrutura como o uso de modelos computacionais hidrÃulico-hidrolÃgicos.

För att avleda vattenmassor som bildas från nederbörd har dagvattensystem konstruerats i vårt samhälle. Dessa system är byggda efter rådande förhållandena vilket betyder att ledningarna kan bli underdimensionerade om regneventen blir större i framtiden vilket de uppskattas göra på grund av klimatförändringar. Problem kan även uppstå då ledningsnätet byggs ut och ledningar i slutet av ledningsnätet utsätts för större flöden än ledningen är dimensionerad efter. Kommuner har ofta dålig vetskap om förhållandena som råder i ledningsnätet vilket betyder att verktyg behövs för att undersöka ledningsnätet. Dessa verktyg kan vara modeller som SWMM eller Mike Urban som kan modellera flödet i dagvattennät. I programmen SWMM och Mike Urban kan brunnar, ledningar, avrinningsområden och regn konstrueras. Som grund till programmen används kartor över ledningsnätet samt flödesmätningar och regnmätningar som används för att validera modellerna. Det som skiljer modellerna är beräkningssätten vilket betyder att modellerna kan få olika resultat för samma område. Syftet med projektet är att använda SWMM och Mike Urban för att undersöka och kilmatanpassa dagvattennätet i Kärrgruvan som är lokaliserat i norra Norberg. Detta område har några kända problem som kan användas för att validera modellerna. Modellernas fördelar och nackdelar, förmåga att klimatanpassas samt användning för konsulter ska utredas. Examensarbete gjordes i samarbete med ÅF, Atkins och Norra Västmalands kommunalteknikförbund. Projektet visade att programmet Mike Urbans resultat var mer jämna och logiska än SWMMs där resultaten kunde fluktuera oerhört när systemet utsattes för förändringar. Kalibreringen som utfördes i detta projekt skulle kunna förbättras vilket antagligen är en bidragande effekt till att resultaten i SWMM blev sämre än Mike Urbans resultat. Hade kalibreringen förbättrats hade antagligen Horton’s infiltrationsmodell som SWMM bygger på kunna ha anpassats bättre efter området och gett mer realistiska resultat. Båda modellerna återspeglade de rådande förhållandena väl, men SWMM hanterade implementeringen av förändring sämre än Mike Urban. Detta är på grund av att infiltrationen i Mike Urban var konstant medan SWMM byggde på Hortons infiltrationsmodell som försämrar infiltrationen allt eftersom. Hade kalibreringen varit bättre hade antagligen resultaten blivit mer lika i SWMM och Mike Urban.

The study analyzed hydro-climatic and land use sensitivities of stormwater runoff and quality in the complex coastal urban watershed of Miami River Basin, Florida by developing a Storm Water Management Model (EPA SWMM 5). Regression-based empirical models were also developed to explain stream water quality in relation to internal (land uses and hydrology) and external (upstream contribution, seawater) sources and drivers in six highly urbanized canal basins of Southeast Florida. Stormwater runoff and quality were most sensitive to rainfall, imperviousness, and conversion of open lands/parks to residential, commercial and industrial areas. In-stream dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus in the watersheds were dictated by internal stressors while external stressors were dominant for total nitrogen and specific conductance. The research findings and tools will be useful for proactive monitoring and management of storm runoff and urban stream water quality under the changing climate and environment in South Florida and around the world.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第22618号 / 地環博第197号 / 新制||地環||38(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 柴田 昌三, 准教授 田中 周平, 准教授 深町 加津枝 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

Allteftersom dag- och spillvattenledningarna blir äldre så uppstår skador och defekter som ökar riskenför att vatten läcker in i dessa ledningar. Detta inläckage kan leda till att ledningarnas kapacitetöverskrids med en möjlig bräddning eller översvämning som resultat. Detta examensarbete använde sig av modellering, TV-inspektion, jämförelse av meteorologiska datamot spillvattenavrinning och fältarbete i form av områdesinspektion, okulärbesiktning,ammoniummätning och flödesmätning i spillvattenledning. Med hjälp av dessa moment fastställdesbelastningen på ledningar och pumpstationer, genom att bestämma volym på spillvattenproduktion ochdagvattenbildning i det studerade område i östra Knivsta. Beräkningar visade att utan inläckage var belastningen på spillvattenledningarna långt under denmaximala kapaciteten. Simulering av dagvattenbildningen visade dock att dagvattenledningarnaskapacitet är för liten för 2-, 5- och 10-årsregn. Ur TV-inspektionen framgick att det fanns många defekter på både dag- och spillvattensystemen,vilket kan leda till inläckage. Öppna sprickor kan under kraftig nederbörd innebära en stor extra volymi spillvattenledningen. Under den period som flödesmätaren var i drift beräknades ungefär 2 liter persekund extra vatten ha passerat spillvattenledningarna, genom en jämförelse mellan uppskattaddricksvattenanvändningen och spillvattenflödet i ledningen under denna period. Med resultat som framkommit i detta examensarbete skulle flera ledningar behöva lagas och deledningarna som har störst flöde (både dag- och spillvattenledning) skulle kunna behöva bytas ut tillen större dimension för att minska risken för översvämning. Det inläckage eller den felkoppling somsker är för stor att tolerera och en större felsökning skulle behöva göras för att mer exakt hittaproblemet. / The risk of water leakage into storm water and sewer pipes increases as the pipes age and are damagedor incur defects. This leakage may cause the capacity of pipes to be exceeded, resulting in a possiblesanitary sewer overflow. This thesis combined fieldwork, modeling and TV inspection, with a comparison of meteorologicaldata and waste water runoff to determine the load on the pipes and pumping stations in the studiedarea in eastern Knivsta. The fieldwork was carried out through visual inspection of the area, gatheringof ammonium measurements and flow measurement in waste water pipes. Calculations show that without leakage the loads on the waste water pipes were well below maximumcapacity. Simulation of storm water formation showed however that the capacities of the storm waterpipes were too low for 2 year, 5 year and 10-year rains. TV inspections showed that there were many defects in both storm water and sewer systems, whichcould result in a large leakage into the pipes. Open cracks could add a large volume of water into thepipes during periods of heavy rainfall or snowmelt. During the period of the flow measurements, aflow of additional water of around 2 liters per second has been calculated to enter the waste waterpipes, compared to estimated drinking water usage. The result from this study showed that a lot of pipes need to be repaired and the pipes with highestflow (both storm water and waste water pipes) might need to be replaced to a higher dimension toreduce the flooding risk. The leakage or misconnection that occurs is too big to be tolerated and alarger troubleshooting is needed to find the problem more specific.

Changing climates, human population growth, and aging infrastructure threaten the availability and quality of one of life's most vital resources, water. Hydrological ecosystem services are goods and benefits derived from freshwater that include flood damage mitigation, water for agricultural and commercial use, swimmable and navigable waters, and healthy aquatic habitats. Using computer algorithms inspired by biological and ecological processes known as evolutionary algorithms and on-site stormwater management practices such structural best management practices (BMPs) and green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), this research aims to maximize hydrological ecosystem services at the watershed-scale in both agricultural and urban environments by integrating these algorithms with the watershed model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), and the hydraulic model Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). This dissertation first develops an information theoretic approach to global sensitivity analysis for distributed models, demonstrated using SWAT, and later uses the sensitive model parameters in a multi-objective automatic calibration scheme using multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). Multiple alternative watershed-scale BMP designs (parallel terraces, detention/infiltration ponds, field borders, and grade stabilization structures) that help minimize peak runoff and annual sediment yield were simultaneously identified using SWAT coupled with the species conserving genetic algorithm (SCGA). Finally, using recently developed economic estimates called triple bottom line (TBL) accounting, watershed-scale GSI designs are identified that reduce combined sewer overflow volumes in an urban setting while maximizing the net benefit across social, economic, and environmental categories. Overall, this dissertation research provides useful and relevant computer-based tools for water resources planners and managers interested in maximizing hydrological ecosystem services benefits.