abstract: The marimba has garnered increased attention in percussion performance over the past thirty years. Literature for beginners through professionals in a multitude of styles have been written. With the ever-growing number of marimbists since the 1980's there has been a high demand for new works. Numerous pieces were created through commissions: composers contracted to write music by individuals, institutions, and consortia. Three primary types of marimba solo music were written: unaccompanied solos, concerti, and marimba solos with electronic accompaniment. Since electronic music is relatively new in marimba performance, there is very little information published regarding this topic. Only a handful of well-known compositions in this genre have been widely performed, and a great number of existing works are unfamiliar to the percussion world. The goal of this study is to generate an overview of electronic music in marimba performance by compiling a chronological catalog of compositions written for solo marimba with electronics. In addition, this study wishes to promote this genre of solo marimba music through the commission, performance, examination, and recording of a new work for marimba and electronics. It is the author's wish to bring this topic to percussionists' attention, and to enrich the marimba solo literature by both exploring existing literature and encouraging the commissioning and performance of marimba music. / Dissertation/Thesis / Flux for Marimba and Electronic Tape (2011) by Mei-Fang Lin / D.M.A. Music 2011

Denna rapport vill belysa kunders problem med att hitta passande storlek när de handlar kläder i en webbutik. Fokusområdet är att undersöka om det är möjligt för kunder att ta tillförlitliga kroppsmått eller plaggmått med måttband, för att välja passande klädstorlek vid e-handel.   Först genomfördes en marknadsundersökning för att ta reda på hur klädföretag utformar sina storleksguider. Därefter utfördes en undersökning där 20 militärer deltog. De fick i uppgift att följa instruktioner för att ta kroppsmått på sig själva, ta samma mått på varandra och måtta av två utvalda plagg. Avslutningsvis fick de låta sig bli mätta av en designtekniker. Resultatet visade mycket stor spridning och flera av måtten hade ett spann från -6 cm till +6 cm i jämfört med att en professionell genomförde mätningen. En upptäckt var att vissa mätresultat blev bättre när någon annan än personen själv utförde kroppsmätningen. Deltagarna fick som avslut svara på några frågor. Hela 60 % av deltagarna i testgruppen trodde att en filminstruktion skulle ha underlättat mätningen. Slutsatsen är att det är viktigt att informera kunder hur de bör ta hjälp med att ta sina mått i användandet av storleksguiden, och att en instruktionsfilm kan underlätta mätningen. Ett komplement till kroppsmått kan vara plaggmått i storleksguiden. / The purpose of this report is to highlight customers' problems in finding the right size when shopping for clothes in an online store. The focus area is to investigate whether it is possible for customers to take accurate body measurements or garment measurements with a measuring tape in order to select appropriate clothing size in e-commerce.   A market investigation on the internet was conducted to find out how clothing companies design their size guides. Then a study took place with 20 participant soldiers. They were asked to follow the instructions for taking body measurements of themselves, to take measurements of each other and to measure two selected garments. Finally, they where measured by a garment technologist. The result showed a very large difference, and several of the measures had a span from -6 cm to +6 cm. One finding was that some measurement results were improved when someone else than themselves performed the body measuring. Afterwards the participants were asked to answer a few questions. Around 60 % of the them believed that a film instruction could facilitate the body measuring. The conclusion is that it is important to inform the customers in the size guide that it is important to get help to get as accurate measurements as possible and that an instructional film can facilitate the measuring. A complement to body measurements can be garments measurements in the size guide.

Submitted by Guilherme Stein (stein.guilherme@gmail.com) on 2016-09-14T03:16:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese.pdf: 430062 bytes, checksum: 5a8a1a0eaba91cd18e8142932105ee3b (MD5) / Rejected by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Guilherme, Favor fazer as alterações abaixo para que seu trabalho seja aprovado: 1: O nome da fundação (Getulio) não possuí acento. Favor retirar de todas as páginas que constam o nome. 2: Faltam as sessões de Agradecimentos, Resumo e Abstract. Atenciosamente, Letícia 3799-3631 on 2016-09-14T12:11:08Z (GMT) / Submitted by Guilherme Stein (stein.guilherme@gmail.com) on 2016-09-14T13:20:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese 2.0.pdf: 432636 bytes, checksum: 00494ab653e6be0fae54f42a49f2fe99 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br) on 2016-09-14T13:22:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tese 2.0.pdf: 432636 bytes, checksum: 00494ab653e6be0fae54f42a49f2fe99 (MD5) / Rejected by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Guilherme, Os agradecimentos em uma trabalho tem uma importância significante. Para tirar suas dúvidas, a Suzinei irá entrar em contato com você para esclarecer essa situação. Após o contato dela, favor mandar o novo trabalho. Atenciosamente, Letícia 3799-3631 on 2016-09-14T13:24:21Z (GMT) / Submitted by Guilherme Stein (stein.guilherme@gmail.com) on 2016-09-14T14:45:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese 3.0.pdf: 434242 bytes, checksum: 203925cdcd2f5883b66766677952d8f0 (MD5) / Rejected by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Guilherme, Favor fazer a ultima alteração: A sessão Resumo deve estar após a sessão Abstract, devido ao seu trabalho ser em inglês. Atenciosamente, Letícia, 3799-3631 on 2016-09-14T14:48:27Z (GMT) / Submitted by Guilherme Stein (stein.guilherme@gmail.com) on 2016-09-14T14:53:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese 4.0.pdf: 434238 bytes, checksum: 2c9c2be7ae9e557ae3eb8805d6b97afd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br) on 2016-09-14T14:54:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tese 4.0.pdf: 434238 bytes, checksum: 2c9c2be7ae9e557ae3eb8805d6b97afd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-14T14:55:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese 4.0.pdf: 434238 bytes, checksum: 2c9c2be7ae9e557ae3eb8805d6b97afd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-19 / This thesis presents two theoretical models. The first shows how the cost of doing business associated with red tape arises as a response to institutional failure, namely, a failure of the legal system. It shows that, when legal system is inefficient, an increase in the cost of doing business can increase society’s welfare. The second model shows how credit constraints affect political preferences of the society relating to human capital investments. Families that are credit constrained invest less in their offspring human capital and thus also prefer policies that involve direct cash transfers to human capital investments. / A tese desenvolve dois modelos teóricos. O primeiro deles mostra como o custo de realizar negócios associados a burocracia surge como resposta a uma falha instituicional, em particular, uma falha no sistema de justiça. Ele mostra que, quando o sistema de justiça é ineficiente, um aumento no custo de realizar negócios pode aumentar o bem-estar da sociedade. O segundo modelo mostra como restrições de crédito afetam as preferências políticas da sociedade no que tange investimentos em capital humano. Famílias com restrição de crédito investem menos no capital humano dos filhos e, por esse motivo, acabam também acabam preferindo políticas que envolvam transferências diretas de renda a investimentos em capital humano.

This thesis presents a novel study on Second Generation High Temperature Superconductors, which covers their electromagnetic characteristics and AC loss analysis. Lorentz Force Electrical Impedance Tomography (LFEIT) is one of the most promising hybrid diagnostic scanners with burgeoning potential for biological imaging, particularly in the detection of cancer and internal haemorrhages. The author tried a novel combination of superconducting magnets together with the LFEIT system. The reason is that superconducting magnets can generate a magnetic field with high intensity and homogeneity, which could significantly enhance the electrical signal induced from a sample, thus improving the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). The author developed four magnet designs for the LEFIT system using the Finite Element Method (FEM) package, COMSOL Multiphysics, and found that a Superconducting Halbach Array magnet can achieve all the requirements (magnetic field properties, geometry, portability, etc.) for the LFEIT system. The optimization study of the superconducting Halbach Array magnet has been carried out on the FEM platform of COMSOL Multiphysics, with 2D models using H-formulation based on B-dependent critical current density and bulk approximation. Optimization focused on the location of the coils, as well as the geometry and number of coils on the premise of maintaining the total amount of superconducting material used in the design. The optimization results showed that the Halbach Array configuration based superconducting magnet is able to generate a magnetic field with an intensity of over 1 Tesla and improved homogeneity. In order to efficiently predict the optimization performance, mathematical formulas were developed for these optimization parameters to determine the intensity and homogeneity of the magnetic field. The mathematical model for the LFEIT system was built based on the theory of the magneto-acousto-electric effect. Then the basic imaging of the electrical signal was developed using Matlab. The magnetic field properties of the magnet design were imported into the LFEIT model. The LFEIT model simulated two samples located in three different magnetic fields with varying magnetic strength and homogeneity. Even if there are no actual alternating currents involved in the DC superconducting magnets mentioned above, they have power dissipation during normal operation (e.g. magnet ramping) and under different background fields. This problem generally goes under the category of “AC loss”. Therefore, the AC loss characteristics of HTS tapes and coils are still fundamentally important for HTS magnet designs, even if they are normally operating in DC conditions. This thesis starts with the AC loss study of HTS tapes. The investigation and comparison of AC losses on Surround Copper Stabilizer (SCS) Tape and Stabilizer-free (SF) Tape have been carried out, which includes AC loss measurement using the electrical method, as well as the real geometry and multi-layer HTS tape simulation using the 2D H formulation by COMSOL Multiphysics. Hysteresis AC losses in the superconducting layer, and eddy current AC losses in the copper stabilizer, silver overlayer and substrate were concerned in this investigation. The measured AC losses were compared to the AC losses from the simulation, using 3 cases of different AC frequency: 10 Hz, 100 Hz, and 1000 Hz. The frequency dependence of AC losses from Stabilizer free Tape and Copper Stabilizer Tape were compared and analysed. A comprehensive AC loss study of a circular HTS coil has been fulfilled. The AC losses from a circular double pancake coil were measured using the electrical method. A 2D axisymmetric H-formulation model using FEM package COMSOL has been established, which was able to make consistency with the real circular coil used in the experiment. To model a circular HTS coil, a 2D axisymmetric model provided better accuracy than a general 2D model, and was also more efficient than a 3D model. Three scenarios were analysed: (1) AC transport current and DC magnetic field, (2) DC transport current and AC magnetic field, (3) AC transport current and AC magnetic field. The angular dependence analysis on the coil under the magnetic field with the different orientation angle  was carried out for all three scenarios. For scenario (3), the effect of the relative phase difference ∆ between the AC current and the AC field on the total AC loss of the coil was investigated. To summarise, a current/field/angle/phase dependent AC loss (I, B, , ∆) study of circular HTS coil has been carried out, which could potentially benefit the future design and research of HTS AC systems. The AC losses of horizontally parallel HTS tapes have been investigated. The AC losses of the middle and end tape of three parallel tapes have been measured using the electrical method, and compared to those of an individual isolated tape. The effect of the interaction between tapes on AC losses has been analysed, and compared with finite element method (FEM) simulations using the 2D H formulation implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics. The electromagnetic induction around the three parallel tapes was monitored using COMSOL simulation. The electromagnetic induction and AC losses generated by a conventional three turn coil were simulated as well, and then compared to the case of three parallel tapes with the same AC transport current. The analysis demonstrated that HTS parallel tapes could be potentially used in wireless power transfer systems, which could have lower total AC losses than conventional HTS coils. By using FEM simulations, cases of increasing number of parallel tapes was considered, and the normalised ratio between the total average AC losses per tape and the AC losses of an individual single tape have been calculated for different gap distances. A new parameter is proposed, Ns, a turning point the for number of tapes, to divide Stage 1 and Stage 2 for the AC loss study of horizontally parallel tapes. For Stage 1, N < Ns, the total average losses per tape increased with the increasing number of tapes. For Stage 2, N > Ns, the total average losses per tape started to decrease with the increasing number of tapes. The analysis demonstrates that horizontally parallel HTS tapes could be potentially used in superconducting devices like HTS transformers, which could retain or even reduce the total average AC losses per tape with large numbers of parallel tapes.

Submitted by ANA LUÍZA ALVES PINTO LUNA null (analualves@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-25T18:42:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO MESTRADO Ana Luiza Alves Pinto Luna.pdf: 1782319 bytes, checksum: 832d2855b5d3e28f440d7df38d89674c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-27T20:31:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 luna_alap_me_bot.pdf: 1782319 bytes, checksum: 832d2855b5d3e28f440d7df38d89674c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-27T20:31:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luna_alap_me_bot.pdf: 1782319 bytes, checksum: 832d2855b5d3e28f440d7df38d89674c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-25 / Introdução: A cicatriz desempenha um importante papel no resultado final de uma cirurgia. Muitos fatores são implicados no processo de cicatrização patológica, e diversos produtos e curativos foram desenvolvidos para prevenção de cicatriz hipertrófica e quelóide, porém poucos tem evidências que o suportem. Objetivos: Comparar o resultado da cicatriz cirúrgica após utilização da fita de silicone e da fita microporosa. Métodos: Realizamos um ensaio clínico controlado, cego e randomizado, onde um lado da incisão foi randomizado para receber a fita de silicone e o outro lado recebeu o tratamento controle (fita adesiva microporosa). Foram selecionadas pacientes submetidas a abdominoplastia ou mastoplastia de aumento com implantes de silicone no período de maio a outubro de 2016. A Escala de Cicatrização de Vancouver foi utilizada para avaliar as cicatrizes. Resultados: Foram selecionadas para o estudo 17 pacientes. A idade média das pacientes foi de 31,4 ± 6,7, sendo a mínima de 20 e a máxima de 45 anos. Vemos na comparação dos tipos de curativo que os valores de p foram próximos a 5%, sugerindo uma associação do uso da fita de silicone com melhores resultados estéticos e funcionais da cicatriz em relação à fita microporosa. Notamos também que os dois tipos de curativo tiveram uma redução significativa em seus escores do primeiro para o terceiro mês (traduzindo uma melhora no aspecto da cicatriz), porém a fita de silicone teve uma redução superior à fita microporosa (45,6% e 39,2% respectivamente). Conclusão: A fita de silicone parece ser discretamente mais efetiva em promover melhoria da cicatriz cirúrgica a médio prazo, com base na Escala de Cicatrização de Vancouver, em relação à fita microporosa. Ambas as fitas apresentaram melhora no escore do terceiro mês de pós-operatório quando comparados ao primeiro mês, porém a fita de silicone apresentou uma redução superior. Os pontos de maior diferença constaram na pliabilidade, altura e vascularização. Quanto aos efeitos adversos, ambos os curativos apresentaram como intercorrência o surgimento de rash cutâneo, sendo que o surgimento foi maior com o uso da fita de silicone (RR=2). / Introduction: The scar plays an important role on result of any surgery. Many factors are implied in the pathologic scar healing process. Lots of dressings and products have been developed to prevent formation of hypertrophic scar and keloids, but few have been supported by evidence. Objective: To compare the surgical scar result after using silicone-gel sheeting and microporous tape. Methods: We’ve performed a blind and randomized clinical trial, using the silicone-gel sheeting on one side of the surgical incision and the control-treatment on the opposite site (microporous tape). Selected patients underwent abdominoplasty or augmentation mastoplasty with silicone implants from May to October of 2016. The Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) was assessed to evaluate the scars. Results: Seventeen patients were selected for the study. The mean age was 31,4 ± 6,7, with the youngest at 20 and the oldest with 45 years-old. Comparing the two dressing types, we found that p values were close to 5%, suggesting that the siliconegel sheeting promotes better aesthetic and functional results over the microporous tape. We also noticed that both dressings had a significant reduction on the VSS score from the first to the third month of post-operative, although the silicone-gel sheeting had a superior reduction (45,6% and 39,2%). Conclusion: Silicone-gel sheeting appears to be slightly more effective in promoting mid-term improvement of surgical scar, related to the VSS, and compared to microporous tape. Both dressings provided an upgrade on VSS score from the first to the third post-operative month evaluation, but the silicone-gel sheeting was superior. Most of the difference relied on pliability, height and vascularization. As to the side effects, both dressings presented with skin rash, but the silicone-gel sheeting had a higher occurrence (RR=2).

Orientador: Hugo Enrique Hernández Figueroa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T09:35:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Duplat_DanielNascimento_M.pdf: 6130170 bytes, checksum: a8ec6733cbf973341a611dbeb5f31f55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento teórico e computacional de um arranjo de antenas de grande comprimento elétrico com grande aplicabilidade em radares e sistemas de sensoriamento que utilizam distribuições de potência específicas. São abordados a síntese do padrão de radiação do arranjo, a escolha do número de antenas e o desenvolvimento da rede de alimentação do sistema. De maneira geral, o projeto pode ser dividido em duas partes: cálculo dos parâmetros do arranjo de antenas e desenvolvimento do sistema de alimentação do arranjo. Na primeira parte, a partir da escolha de um diagrama de radiação específico, determina-se o número de antenas e a amplitude e fase de campo eletromagnético que cada antena do arranjo deve receber a fim de gerar o diagrama de radiação necessário. Para tal, adota-se uma distribuição de amplitudes do tipo Hamming adaptada às especificações do projeto e uma distribuição de fase uniforme. Na segunda parte, desenvolve-se um sistema de alimentação para o arranjo de antenas que possibilita a distribuição da energia obedecendo à distribuição de amplitude e fase do campo determinada na fase anterior. O sistema proposto utiliza tecnologia de linhas de fita montada num substrato de poliestireno expandido, que agrega não somente baixas perdas ao sistema de distribuição, mas também baixos custo e peso. É possível verificar, portanto, que o desenvolvimento de um arranjo de antenas com comprimento elétrico muito maior do que o comprimento de onda de operação é um projeto que agrega conhecimentos não somente de antenas e suas características, mas também o conhecimento de arranjos de antenas e ponderação de amplitudes, bem como seus efeitos no diagrama de radiação do arranjo. Contudo, o desenvolvimento deste sistema implica na utilização de sistemas de guiamento eletromagnético que possibilitem a transmissão de energia agregando baixo custo, baixas perdas, e alta eficiência. / Abstract: This work deals with theoretical and computational development of an antenna array of large electrical length with wide application in radar and sensing systems using specific power distribution. The project describes the process from the synthesis of radiation pattern, the choice of the number of antennas and the development of the power supply system. Overall, the project can be divided into two parts: calculation of parameters of the antenna array and development of the power system. In the first part, the number of antennas and the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic field that each antenna needs are calculated to generate the required radiation pattern. To this end, we adopt a distribution of amplitudes of Hamming type (Hamming weighting) adapted to the project specifications and a uniform phase distribution. In the second part, the power system to the antenna array is developed. This supply system enables the distribution of energy obeying the distribution of amplitude and phase of the field specified in the previous part. The proposed system uses striplines mounted on a substrate of expanded polystyrene, which combines low-losses, low-cost and lightweight. / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

A presente dissertação trata de um estudo teórico-experimental sobre escoamento monofásico e bifásico no interior de tubos com fitas retorcidas. Esta técnica tem sido utilizada há várias décadas para a intensificação de troca de calor para escoamento monofásico e evaporação convectiva no interior de tubos. No entanto, com sua utilização, o aumento do coeficiente de troca de calor é acompanhado pelo incremento da perda de pressão. Portanto a compreensão dos fenômenos relacionados aos incrementos da perda de pressão e troca de calor são fundamentais para engenheiros projetistas. Neste estudo, inicialmente, é apresentada uma extensa revisão bibliográfica sobre padrões de escoamento, modelos para estimativa de fração de vazio e metodologias para previsão da perda de pressão em tubos com e sem fitas retorcidas para escoamentos bifásicos e monofásicos. Foram realizados experimentos em bancada experimental utilizando seção de testes com diâmetro interno de 15,9 mm e dois metros de comprimento com fitas apresentando razões de retorcimento de 3, 4, 9, 14 e , a última correspondente ao tubo sem inserto. Os experimentos foram executados para o refrigerante R134a, velocidades mássicas entre 75 e 250 kg/m²s, e títulos de vapor entre 5 e 95% no caso de escoamentos bifásicos. Resultados foram levantados para velocidades mássicas entre 100 e 450 kg/m²s para escoamentos monofásicos. Durante os ensaios foram levantados resultados de perda de pressão e identificados subjetivamente os respectivos padrões de escoamento. Como resultado final deste estudo é proposta uma correlação para previsão da perda de pressão durante o escoamento no interior de tubos com fitas retorcidas. / A theoretical and experimental study on single and two-phase flow inside tubes with twisted tapes inserts is presented. Twisted tape inserts have been used for decades as a technique of heat transfer enhancement. However, their heat transfer enhancement is accompanied by an increase of the pressure drop. Therefore, understanding the pressure drop and heat transfer mechanisms is fundamental for heat exchanger designers in order to optimize these devices when using twisted-tape inserts. Based on these aspects the present study concerns single and two-phase flows inside tubes with twisted tapes. Experiments were performed in an experimental apparatus for a 15.9 mm ID and twisted tape with twist ratios of 3, 4, 9, 14 and , the last one corresponding to a plain tube without tape. For two-phase flow, experiments were conducted for R134a, mass velocities from 75 to 250 kg/m²s and vapor qualities from 5 to 95%. In case of single-phase flow, experiments were performed for mass velocities from 100 to 450 kg/m²s. The experimental campaign was focused on pressure drop and flow pattern subjective identification. Additionally an extensive literature review on flow patterns, superficial void fraction, and methodologies for prediction of the pressure drop in plain tubes with and without twisted-tape inserts during single and two-phase flow is presented. As final result, a correlation for prediction of pressure drop during flow inside tubes with twisted tape inserts is proposed.

Esta dissertação parte da premissa de que o desalinhamento dos arcos plantares estão associados ao mal funcionamento do pé e a subseqüentes desequilíbrios mecânicos gerados por compensações na cadeia cinética e articulações adjacentes. A bandagem plantar é uma das técnicas comumente utilizadas no tratamento e prevenção de lesões decorrentes destes desalinhamentos; no entanto, sua eficácia no controle postural ainda é incerta. Nossas hipóteses são: (i) que sujeitos com arco rebaixado apresentariam déficits do controle postural que se acentuariam em condições de perturbação sensorial, e (ii) que a bandagem aplicada no médio-­pé para melhorar a acuidade sensorial traria benefícios para o controle postural destes sujeitos, principalmente nas condições de perturbação. Assim, apresentaremos nesta dissertação dois estudos, um para investigar as alterações no controle postural de indivíduos com rebaixamento do arco plantar (estudo 1), e outro para investigar as consequências da utilização bandagem plantar nestes indivíduos (estudo 2). Para ambos os estudos, avaliamos a velocidade média e o root mean square da trajetória do centro de pressão durante a manutenção da postura quasi-­-estática em quatro condições de perturbação sensorial: (1) plataforma fixa, olhos abertos; (2) plataforma fixa, olhos fechados; (3) plataforma móvel, olhos abertos; e (4) plataforma móvel, olhos fechados. No estudo 1, 24 mulheres com arcos normais foram comparadas a 13 mulheres com arco rebaixado. No estudo 2, a comparação foi feita entre as condições sem e com a bandagem plantar para as 13 mulheres com arco rebaixado. Os resultados indicam que mulheres com rebaixamento do arco oscilam menos e mais lentamente que mulheres com arco normal, em particular na condição de maior perturbação sensorial, o que pode representar uma resposta pior, ou mais lenta de um sistema com desequilíbrios mecânicos decorrentes de um pé pouco funcional. Já a utilização da bandagem plantar resultou em aumento da oscilação do centro de pressão para a maioria das condições de perturbação sensorial, principalmente na direção médio-­-lateral, o que pode ser explicado por uma dificuldade dos sujeitos em se ajustar a uma nova postura, ou indicar um ganho de confiança e um melhor funcionamento do pé, traduzido pelo aumento da utilização dos ajustes posturais. / This dissertation is based on the premise that misalignment of plantar arches are associated to poor foot function and to subsequent mechanical compensations in the kinetic chain and adjacent joints. Foot taping is a commonly used technique in the treatment and prevention of injuries caused by these misalignments; however, its efficacy on postural control is still uncertain. Our hypotheses are: (i) subjects with low plantar arch would present postural control deficits, detectable by center of pressure sway measurement, that would be worsened in conditions of sensory perturbation, and (ii) foot taping, applied on midfoot with the intention to improve the cutaneous sensorial acuity, would bring benefits to the postural control of these subjects, especially under conditions of sensory perturbation. Thus, two studies will be presented: the first meant to investigate postural control alterations in individuals with low plantar arch (study 1), and the second, to investigate the effects of foot taping use in these subjects (study 2). For both studies, the mean velocity and root mean square of center of pressure trajectory were assessed during the maintenance of quasi-static stance in four conditions of sensory perturbations: (1) fixed support, eyes opened; (2) fixed support, eyes closed; (3) moving support, eyes opened, and (4) moving support, eyes closed. In study 1, 24 women with normal plantar arch were compared to 13 with low plantar arch. For study 2, the same 13 low arched subjects were assessed with and without foot taping. Results indicate that women with low plantar arch have less and slower center of pressure sway, particularly in the condition of highest sensory perturbation level, which may indicate a worsened, or slower, response of a mechanically altered system. When foot taping was applied to the low arched individuals, a higher and faster center of pressure sway was observed in most of the sensory perturbation conditions, especially in the medio-lateral direction. This could be explained either by a difficulty for the subjects to adapt to a new imposed postural condition, or by a gain in confidence while using the taping, reflected by the increase in postural adjustments.

Architecture’s Red Tape is a critical study of the relation between public architecture and public administration in the 1960s and 1970s. The thesis focuses on the work of the Swedish National Board of Public Building, KBS, which was a government agency in charge of providing premises for the Swedish state at that time. KBS expanded its construction of new buildings during the 1960s and did extensive research and development work to find new rational and efficient working methods and building systems. The development of KBS culminated in the implementation of an official architectural philosophy in 1968, called the “structure philosophy.” The architectural ideas were drafted parallel to new administrative systems that were in turn based on rational choice theories. The thesis studies the developments of KBS’ architecture, both as processes of building production (architecture practice) and as the built result of these processes (buildings), through the analysis of four different instruments. These instruments – Program Budgeting, KBS’ Structure Philosophy, Incentive Contract, and System Building – were important means in KBS’ efforts to rationalize building production and make operations more efficient. KBS highlighted new features in the practices of architecture – emphasizing process, the user, functionality, performance, evaluations, results, etc. – that could be reviewed as a redefinition of the architectural project. This review is explicit on two different levels: firstly, as a redefinition of the architectural object most clearly found in KBS’ publicly announced shift from building construction to “premises production.” Secondly, there is a redefinition of architectural practice that relocates the interest of design, making it more about programming with a heightened interest in the processes of defining the scope and problems of design. / <p>QC 20170825</p>

Deployable structures made from ultra-thin composite materials can be folded elastically and are able to self-deploy by releasing the stored strain energy. Their lightness, low cost due to smaller number of components, and friction insensitive behaviour are key attractions for space applications. This dissertation presents a design methodology for lightweight composite booms with multiple tape-spring hinges. The whole process of folding and deployment of the tape-spring hinges under both quasi-static and dynamic loading has been captured in detail through finite element simulations, starting from a micro-mechanical model of the laminate based on the measured geometry and elastic properties of the woven tows. A stress-resultant based six-dimensional failure criterion has been developed for checking if the structure would be damaged. A detailed study of the quasi-static folding and deployment of a tape-spring hinge made from a two-ply plain-weave laminate of carbon-fibre reinforced plastic has been carried out. A particular version of this hinge was constructed and its moment-rotation profile during quasi-static deployment was measured. Folding and deployment simulations of the tape-spring hinge were carried out with the commercial finite element package Abaqus/Explicit, starting from the as-built, unstrained structure. The folding simulation includes the effects of pinching the hinge in the middle to reduce the peak moment required to fold it. The deployment simulation fully captures both the steady-state moment part of the deployment and the final snap back to the deployed configuration. An alternative simulation without pinching the hinge provides an estimate of the maximum moment that could be carried by the hinge during operation. This moment is about double the snap-back moment for the particular hinge design that was considered. The dynamic deployment of a tape-spring hinge boom has been studied both experimentally and by means of detailed finite-element simulations. It has been shown that the deployment of the boom can be divided into three phases: deployment; latching, which may involve buckling of the tape springs and large rotations of the boom; and vibration of the boom in the latched configuration. The second phase is the most critical as the boom can fold backwards and hence interfere with other spacecraft components. A geometric optimisation study was carried out by parameterising the slot geometry in terms of slot length, width and end circle diameter. The stress-resultant based failure criterion was then used to analyse the safety of the structure. The optimisation study was focused on finding a hinge design that can be folded 180 degrees with the shortest possible slot length. Simulations have shown that the strains can be significantly reduced by allowing the end cross-sections to deform freely. Based on the simulations a failure-critical design and a failure-safe design were selected and experimentally verified. The failure-safe optimised design is six times stiffer in torsion, twice stiffer axially and stores two and a half times more strain energy than the previously considered design. Finally, an example of designing a 1 m long self-deployable boom that could be folded around a spacecraft has been presented. The safety of this two-hinge boom has been evaluated during both stowage and dynamic deployment. A safe design that latches without any overshoot was selected and validated by a dynamic deployment experiment.