Thesis (M.M.S.)--University of Waikato, 2007. / Title from PDF cover (viewed February 27, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-192)

L’exploration du tissu cutané est aujourd’hui limitée par le peu de méthodes dites quantitatives permettant de décrire objectivement les propriétés mécaniques du tissu cutané. L’élastographie permet une exploration locale d’un milieu et offre la possibilité pour certaines méthodes d’estimer quantitativement le module d’élasticité (module d’Young). Nous avons mis au point une technique d’élastographie ultrasonore impulsionnelle haute fréquence 1D (HF-TE) et haute résolution permettant une description micrométrique des propriétés mécaniques du tissu cutané pour des applications en cosmétique et en dermatologie. / Nowadays, exploration of cutaneous tissue is limited by the few number of available approaches, known as quantitative methods, allowing an objective description of the mechanical properties of skin tissue. Elastography allows a local exploration of a medium and offers the possibility for some strategies to quantitatively estimate the modulus of elasticity (Young’s modulus). A 1-D high-frequency ultrasonic transient elastography method (HF-TE) allowing a micrometric description of the mechanical properties of skin tissue has been designed for cosmetic and dermatological applications. An experimental system of high-frequency transient elastography has been developed : software, hardware and measurement methodology. The HF-TE technique has been validated using simulation and measurements in monolayer and bilayer calibrated phantoms developed in the laboratory. The Young’s modulus values measured in monolayer media were then compared with those measured by two others dynamic techniques.

Leaching is one of the major processes occurring when organic litter is decomposed and is often completed within a few days when litter enters aquatic environments. It is important that leaching is addressed when studying microbial and invertebrate decomposition rates in order to avoid overestimations. The traditional litter bag method that has been used to measure decomposition rates in both terrestrial and aquatic environments has in recent years been challenged by the new and widely adopted tea bag index (TBI). Both methods, however, fail to bring a standardized methodology for separating and recognizing weight losses of litter due to leaching and biotic decomposition. Through a field experiment in two streams with different water discharge, this study has focused on exploring the leaching phase and post-leaching phase of the tea products used in TBI. The results unveiled that 20% of rooibos tea’s and 44% of green tea’s initial weight was lost to leaching within three days (72 hours) of the experiment. After the 72nd hour, both teas remained in a stabilized phase until the end of the experiment (120 hours). Water discharge had no significant effect on neither of the tea-weights during or after the leaching phase. This study recommends that weight loss through the leaching phase are taken into account in future studies and advocate the development of an updated TBI protocol where leaching losses are recognized. If not, overestimations of active decomposition rates will be made and may result in compromised conclusions. / Urlakning är en av de viktigaste processerna som uppstår vid nedbrytning av organiskt material och är ofta slutfört inom några dagar när materialet befinner sig i vattenmiljöer. Det är viktigt att den urlakade massan beräknas när studier fokuserade på nedbrytningshastigeter av mikrober och evertebrater genomförs, detta för att undvika en överestimering av den biotiska aktiviteten. Den traditionella metoden, där torkade växtdelar i påsar, har använts för att mäta nedbrytningshastigheter i både mark- och vattenmiljöer har under de senaste åren utmanats av det nya och allmänt accepterade tepåse-indexet (TBI). Båda metoderna misslyckas dock med att implementera en standardiserad metodik för att separera och uppskatta materialets viktförluster genom urlakning och biotisk nedbrytning. Genom ett fältexperiment i två vattendrag med olika vattenföring har denna studie fokuserat på att undersöka urlakningsfasen och den stabiliserade perioden efter urlakningen hos teprodukterna som används i TBI. Resultaten avslöjade att 20% av rooibos tes och 44% av grönt tes ursprungliga vikt förloras genom urlakning inom tre dagar (72 timmar) av experimentet. Efter den 72:a timmen förblev båda teerna i en stabiliserad fas till slutet av experimentet (120 timmar). Vattenflöde hade ingen signifikant effekt på någon av tetypernas vikter, varken för perioden under eller efter urlakningsfasen. Denna studie rekommenderar att viktminskning genom urlakningsfasen beaktas i framtida studier och förespråkar utvecklingen av ett uppdaterat TBI-protokoll för att inkludera urlakningens påverkan. Om inte, kommer överskattningar av aktiva nedbrytningshastigheter att göras och kan leda till äventyrade slutsatser.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-06T15:59:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 raruzakearateixeiragoncalves.pdf: 8876670 bytes, checksum: 4a4c19291f8b39adaea3a43fd323b6fd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T04:00:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 raruzakearateixeiragoncalves.pdf: 8876670 bytes, checksum: 4a4c19291f8b39adaea3a43fd323b6fd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T04:00:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 raruzakearateixeiragoncalves.pdf: 8876670 bytes, checksum: 4a4c19291f8b39adaea3a43fd323b6fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-12 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação pretende caracterizar a memória audiovisual como marca identitária de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, privilegiando a investigação inédita sobre a produção independente em vídeo, realizada pela empresa Bem-te-vídeo, fundada em 1984 na cidade. Para a avaliação do objeto de estudo, recorreu-se à perspectiva memorialística, adotando a metodologia da história oral, que tem por proposta reconstruir o percurso histórico por meio do testemunho dos sujeitos da experiência. Nesse sentido, foram realizadas entrevistas com 17 pessoas, envolvidas no contexto cultural e audiovisual do período, o que totalizou a análise de cerca de 20 horas de gravação em áudio. Material que, transcrito, ofertou um documento rico sobre a história da produtora, de seus realizadores e do processo da produção de bens audiovisuais e culturais na cidade. A pesquisa ainda contou com um exaustivo trabalho de revisão bibliográfica e investigação de arquivos pessoais, de jornais, revistas, fotografias e produtos em suporte audiovisual. Isto resultou em uma análise fílmica sobre o videodocumentário O Bar Redentor: Fora desse bar, o mundo é mudo, criado pela produtora em 1987. A dissertação orienta-se pela compreensão dos processos comunicacionais como conformadores das identidades e das sociabilidades, em seu contexto histórico, baseando-se em metodologias e conceitos propostos pelos Estudos Culturais, a Nova História, as pesquisas sobre o fenômeno do vídeo no Brasil e as Teorias da Análise Fílmica. / This paper aims to characterize the audiovisual memory as brand identity of Juiz de Fora, unpublished research focusing on independent video production, conducted by producer Bem-te-video, founded in 1984 in the city. For the evaluation of the object of study, we used the memorial perspective, adopting the methodology of oral history, which is proposed to reconstruct the historical route through the testimony of the subjects of the experiment. Accordingly, we conducted interviews with 17 people involved in the audiovisual and cultural context of the period, which amounted to the analysis of approximately 20 hours audio recording. Material that transcript offered a rich document about the history of the producer, its directors and production of audiovisual and cultural assets in the city. The survey also included a thorough literature review and the investigation of personal files, newspapers, magazines and photographs and products in audiovisual support. This resulted in a film analysis on the video documentary The Redeemer Bar: Outside this bar, the world is silent, created in 1987 by producer. The work is guided by the understanding of communication processes with conforming identities and sociability, in its historical context, based on concepts and methodologies proposed by Cultural Studies, New History, research on the phenomenon of video in Brazil and the theories of film analysis.

Es wird eine Bioassay-Analyse von 168 Testsubstanzen gegenüber Tetrahymena pyriformis beschrieben. Mithilfe dieses In-vitro-Ansatzes konnte eine erste prognostische Aussage über die toxische Wirkung unbekannter Stoffe getroffen werden. Aus den Konzentrations-Wirkungs-Beziehungen erfolgte eine Bestimmung der Toxizitätserhöhung gegenüber der Narkoselevel-Toxizität. Dadurch war eine mechanistische Interpretation der Wirkstärke der Fremdstoffe möglich. Die Wirkung der Fremdstoffe basiert auf direkten toxikologisch relevanten Reaktionsmechanismen mit nukleophilen Biomolekülen oder nach entsprechender enzymatischer Aktivierung und ermöglichte die Aufstellung von Strukturalarmen. Aus jeder Stoffklasse waren Vertreter direkt oder nach enzymatischer Biotransformation erhöht toxisch. Somit ist mithilfe der Ciliaten eine Vorhersage der direkten reaktiven Toxizität möglich. Zudem enthält es für eine metabolische Aktivierung bedeutsame Enzymsysteme. Damit ist es für eine prognostische Vorhersage der Toxizität unbekannter Stoffe anwendbar.

Nowadays, increasing pressure from legislation and customer demands in the automotive industryare forcing manufacturers to produce greener vehicles with lower emissions and fuel consumption.As a result, electrified and hybrid vehicles are a growing popular alternative to traditional internalcombustion engines (ICE). The noise from an electric vehicle comes mainly from contact betweentyres and road, wind resistance and driveline. The noise emitted from the driveline is for the mostpart related to the gearbox. When developing a driveline, it is a factor of importance to estimatethe noise radiating from the gearbox to achieve an acceptable design.Gears are used extensively in the driveline of electric vehicles. As the gears are in mesh, a mainintrusive concern is known as gear whine noise. Gear whine noise is an undesired vibroacousticphenomenon and is likely to originate through the gear contacts and be transferred through themechanical components to the housing where the vibrations are converted into airborne andstructure-borne noise. The gear whine noise originates primarily from the excitation coming fromtransmission error (TE). Transmission error is defined as the difference between the ideal smoothtransfer of motion of a gear and what is in practice due to lack of smoothness.The main objective of this study is to simulate the vibrations generated by the gear whine noise inan electric powertrain line developed by AVL Vicura. The electric transmission used in this studyprovides only a fixed overall gear ratio, i.e. 9.59, under all operation conditions. It is assumed thatthe system is excited only by the transmission error and the mesh stiffness of the gear contacts. Inorder to perform NVH analysis under different operating conditions, a multibody dynamics modelaccording to the AVL Excite program has been developed. The dynamic simulations are thencompared with previous experimental measurements provided by AVL Vicura.Two validation criteria have been used to analyse the dynamic behaviour of the AVL Excite model:signal processing using the FFT method and comparison with the experimental measurements.The results from the AVL Excite model show that the FFT criterion is quite successful and allexcitation frequencies are properly observed in FFT plots. Nevertheless, when it comes to thesecond criterion, as long as not all dynamic parameters of the system such as damping or stiffnesscoefficients are provided with certainty in the model, it is too difficult to investigate the accuracy ofthe AVL Excite model.Another investigation is a numerical design study to analyses how the damping coefficientsinfluence the response. After reducing the damping parameters, the results show that the housingand bearings have the highest influence on the response. If more acceptable results are desired,future studies must be concentrated on these to obtain more acceptable damping values. / För närvarande tvingar ökat tryck från lagstiftning och kundkrav inom bilindustrin tillverkarna attproducera grönare fordon med lägre utsläpp och bränsleförbrukning. Som ett resultat ärelektrifierade och hybridfordon ett växande populärt alternativ till traditionellaförbränningsmotorer (ICE). Bullret från ett elfordon kommer främst från kontakten mellan däckoch väg, vindmotstånd och drivlinan. Bullret från drivlinan är i huvudsak relaterat till växellådan.Vid utveckling av en drivlina är det av betydelse att uppskatta bullret från växellådan för att uppnåen acceptabel design.Utväxlingar används i stor utsträckning i elfordons drivlina. Eftersom kugghjulen är i kontaktuppstår ett huvudproblem som är känt som ett vinande ljud från kugghjulskontakten.Kugghjulsljud är ett oönskat vibro-akustiskt fenomen och uppstår sannolikt på grund avkugghjulkontakterna och överförs via de mekaniska komponenterna till växellådshuset därvibrationerna omvandlas till luftburet och strukturburet ljud. Kugghjulsljudet härstammarhuvudsakligen från exciteringen som kommer från transmissionsfel (TE) i kugghjulskontakten.Överföringsfelet definieras som skillnaden mellan den ideala smidiga rörelseöverföringen hoskugghjulen och rörelsen som sker i verkligheten på grund av ojämnheter.Huvudsyftet med denna studie är att simulera vibrationerna som genereras avkugghjulskontakterna i en elektrisk drivlina utvecklad av AVL Vicura. Den elektriska drivlinan somanvänds i denna studie har endast ett fast utväxlingsförhållande, dvs 9,59, för alladriftsförhållanden. Det antas att systemet är exciterat endast av överföringsfelet och kugghjulensstyvhet i kuggkontakterna. För att kunna utföra NVH-analys under olika driftsförhållanden har enstelkroppsdynamikmodell utvecklats med hjälp av programmet AVL Excite. De dynamiskasimuleringarna jämförs sedan med tidigare experimentella mätningar som tillhandahålls av AVLVicura.Två valideringskriterier har använts för att analysera det dynamiska beteendet hos AVL Excitemodellen:signalbehandling med FFT-metoden och jämförelse med experimentella mätningar.Resultaten från AVL Excite-modellen visar att FFT-kriteriet är ganska framgångsrikt och allaexcitationsfrekvenser observeras korrekt i FFT-diagrammen. Men när det gäller det andra kriteriet,så länge som inte alla dynamiska parametrar i systemet, såsom dämpnings- ellerstyvhetskoefficienter, är tillförlitliga i modellen, är det för svårt att undersöka exaktheten hos AVLExcite-modellen.En annan undersökning som utförts är en numerisk designstudie för att analysera hurdämpningskoefficienterna påverkar responsen. Efter minskning av dämpningsparametrarna visarresultaten att växellådshus och lager har störst inflytande på resultatet. Om mer acceptabla resultatär önskvärda måste framtida studier koncentreras på dessa parametrar för att uppnå mer acceptabladämpningsvärden.

With technology scaling, the amount of transistors on a single chip doubles itself every 18 months giving rise to increased power density levels. This has directly lead to a rapid increase of thermal induced issues on a chip and effective methodologies of removing the heat from the system has become the order of the day. Thermoelectric (TE) devices have shown promise for on-demand cooling of ICs. However, the additional energy required for cooling remains a challenge for the successful deployment of these devices. This thesis presents a closed loop control system that dynamically switches a TE module between Peltier and Seebeck modes depending on chip temperature. The autonomous system harvests energy during regular operation and uses the harvested energy to cool during high power operation. The system is demonstrated using a commercial thin-film TE device, an integrated boost regulator and few off chip components. The feasibility of the integration of the TEM and the automated mode switching within the microprocessor package is also evaluated. With continuous usage of thermoelectric modules, it starts to degrade over time due to thermal and mechanical induced stress which in turn reduces the cooling performance over time. Impact of thermal cycling on thermoelectric cooling performance over time is evaluated using the developed full chip package model.

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This work is a setting of the hymn of Thanksgiving written by St. Nicetius in the sixth century, the TE DEUM. In the Roman Catholic liturgy it replaces the last responsory of Matins on Feast Days and Sundays and in the Anglican liturgy it is one of the canticles of Morning Prayer. The text is one of the few surviving examples of Latin "Psalmus Idioticus" which were, along with the GLORIA of the Ordinary of the Mass and the EXULTET, early Latin texts written in imitation of the Psalms. This TE DEUM was written to continue a tradition of choral settings of this text, in Latin, English, and German, beginning with Palestrina and Handel, and continuing with Haydn, Mozart, Berlioz, Bruckner, Dvorak, Verdi, Britten, Walton, Kodaly, Persichetti, and Vaughan Williams to the present. The quotes from the Metamorphoses for 23 strings of Richard Strauss are used in honor of Strauss' quote of Beethoven's EROICA Funeral March at the end of the Metamorphoses. Strauss was acknowledging the "Master" and his compositional tradition and in the same way I humbly respect the artistic legacy I have inherited. The text and the music have symbiotically wended their way through the centuries out of the pens of the masters. The work is set using the English translation of the Anglican Church, is in one movement and is scored for the following forces: double woodwind with alto saxophone, four horns, 2 trumpets, 2 trombones, tuba, timpani, suspended cymbal, tam tam, tubular chimes, vibraphone, triangle, crash cymbals, SATB soli, SSAATTBB chorus, and strings.

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